insist 后的从句用什么语气.doc

insist 后的从句用什么语气insist 后的从句一定要用虚拟语气吗? 请看下面的这道题：The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A. had done, should beB. should do, should beC. had done, had beenD. should do, had been【分析】此题容易误选B，想当然地认为 insist 后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气）He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）请再做下面一题()：The patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shouldnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sentD. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent 答案选 B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气；“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。It is time 后的定语从句用虚拟语气从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如： I think its time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。Its time we went were going, should go. 我们该走了。I think its time they were taught a lesson. 我想现在该给他们一点教训了。注：time前有时有about和high修饰：I think its high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用 was 时而用 were。如：Its time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)I wish 后从句用虚拟语气的三种形式请看下面一题：I wish you _ him my telephone number，but you did. A. didnt giveB. hadnt givenC. wouldnt give D. shouldnt give 此题应选B。I wish后接宾语从句时，谓语有三种可能：1. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，用过去时：I wish I were a teacher. 我要是一位老师就好了。I wish I remembered her address. 我要是记得她的地址就好了。2. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用过去完成时：How I wish I had seen her off at the station，but I was too busy. 我要是去车站送过她就好了，但我太忙了。3. 表示与将来事实相反的愿望，用could / would+ / might+动词原形：I wish he would come at once. 我真希望他马上来。类似地，以下结构也与wish情况类似(从句分三种情况)：(1) If only(但愿)：用法与含义均与I wish相似，以上各例中的I wish均可用If only代之，含义大致相同。(2) as if / though (好像)：She loves the child as if he were her own. 她疼爱这孩子，就像是她自己的孩子一样。(与现在事实相反)He talks as if he had been there many times. 他说起话来好像是去过那儿多次似的。(与过去事实相反)He speaks as if he would die soon. 听他说话那语气好像不久就要死似的。(与将来事实相反)wish后的宾语从句的虚拟语式要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语一般过去时或过去进行时，表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词，表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)动词原形。如：I wish I were not so busy. 但愿我不那样忙碌。I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。I wish you would be more respectful to your father. 我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。注：从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与 wish 的时态无关，比较：I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。I wishedI had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。哪些动词接的宾语从句通常要用虚拟语气请看下面的有关考题：The guard at the gate insisted that everyone _ the rules. A. obeysB. obey C. will obeyD. would obey 此题应选 B。一般说来，在一些表示坚持(insist)，命令(order，command)，建议(suggest，advise)，要求(require，demand)等动词之后的宾语从句中，谓语一般要用“should+动词原形”(其中的should在美国英语常省略，但是引导从句的that通常不省略)：He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用专机来运送药品。I demanded that I (should) be allowed to call my lawyer. 我要求准我找我的律师。注意insist和suggest的用法要分两种情况：2. insist 表示“坚持要”、“一定要”，从句多指尚未实现的想法，谓语通常用虚拟语气(should+v)；表示“坚持说”、“坚持认为”，从句所指的多为已经发生的事或已存在的状态，谓语用陈述语气：I insisted that he (should) go. 我坚持要他去。I insisted that he was wrong. 我坚持认为他错了。2. suggest表示“建议”，其后接that从句，一般要用虚拟误气; 若表示“暗示”、“表明”，则其后所接that从句要用陈述语气()：She suggested that we (should) leave early. 她建议我们早点动身。Her expression suggested that she was angry. 她的表情表明了她生气了。含蓄虚拟条件句的七种表现形式所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：1. 将条件隐含在不定式短语中I would write to her, but I dont know her address. 我会给她写信的，就是不知道她的地址。(=If I knew her address, I would write to her. But)To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些，你早就考及格了。(=If you had studied harder, you)2. 将条件隐含在分词短语中Born in better times, he would have been a scholar. 如果出生在好时代，他早就成为学者了。(=If he had been born in better times, he would)Failing this time, what would you do？ 假若这次失败，那你怎么办？(=If you failed this time, what would)Walking alone in the dark, Mary would be terrified. 要一个人单独在黑暗中行走，玛丽会感到十分害怕。(If Mary walked alone in the dark, she)3. 将条件隐含在介词短语中But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. 如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(=If it hadnt been for your help, we)In different circumstances, I would have said yes. 在不同的情况下，我就会同意了。(=If circumstances had been different, I would)4. 将条件隐含在名词短语中Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed. 任何人这样做了都会被开除。(=If any person should behave in that way, he would)A few hours earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 要是你早来几个小时，你就见到这位著名的作家了。(If you had come a few hours earlier, you)5. 将条件隐含在某些连词中I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子，不然我也不会相信他了。(or else=if I had known he was a cheat)Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我真的是太忙了，不然我就会同你一道去了。(otherwise=if I were not so busy)6. 将条件隐含在定语从句中Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(