英语口译Lecture Thirteen： Reconstruction skills

英语口译LectureThirteen：Reconstructionskills,Theoryandskills,Interpretmeaninginsteadofwordssoyouwontgetstuckoverwordsorstructureswhenanimmediateequivalentcantbefound.Trytousereconstructionskillsincludingconversion,paraphrasing,additionordeletion,tofacilitatecommunicationintheTL.,Conversion转换,被动主动Otherquestionswillbediscussedbriefly.其他问题将简单地加以讨论。Itisgenerallyacceptedthattheexperiencesofthechildinhisfirstyearslargelydeterminehischaracterandlaterpersonality.人们普遍认为,孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。Greateffortsshouldbemadetoinformyoungpeopleespeciallythedreadfulconsequencesoftakingupthehabit.应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人,特别是上瘾后的可怕后果。Thedecisiontogiveupwasnottakenlightly.放弃的决定不是轻易作出的。,肯定or否定Heisnootherthantheprofessionaltalentwearelookingfor.他正是我们要物色的专业人才。Thisisthelastthingwewishtosee.这是我们最不愿意看到的事情。Severaltimesshewantedtotellhimwhathadhappened,buthercouragefailedher.好几次她都想告诉他事情的真相，但是她没有勇气。,时间、位置、角度Afteryouplease.您先请。Heneverwenttobedbefore12oclock.他总是十二点以后才睡觉。Moretestsshouldbeconductedbeforewecancometoaconclusion.我们需要做更多的实验，然后才能得出结论。Shesatthere,herchincuppedinherhands.她坐在那里，双手托着下巴。,Paraphrasing释义,拳头产品competitiveproducts/knock-outproducts三角债chaindebts经济作物cashcrops/industrialcrops外向经济export-orientedeconomy最高限价ceilingprice使中国经济走向世界makeChinaseconomymorecompetitiveontheworldmarket/makeChinaamoreactiveeconomicplayerintheworld使中国经济与国际接轨bringChinaseconomymoreinlinewithinternationalpractice,三个人品字式坐下,闲聊了一会儿.Thethreemensatfacingeachotherandtalkingforawhile.秦始皇兵马俑一号坑呈长方形，二号坑呈曲尺形，三号坑呈“凹”字型。三个坑呈“品”字型排列。PitNo.1ofEmperorQinShihuangsterracottawarriorsandhorsesisoblonginshape.PitNo.2is“L”-shapedandNo.3is“U”-shaped.Thethreepitsarearrangedinatriangle.,Addition增补,thetwoHousesofAmericangovernment美国政府参、众两院TheGoldenState金山州美国加州ParadiseofthePacific太平洋上的天堂美国夏威夷州DowningStreet唐宁街英国伦敦首相官邸和政府主要部门所在地，即英国政府三农问题:theissueofagriculture,ruralareasandfarmers,希望工程:ProjectHope,aprojectaimingatassistingschooldropoutsinpoverty-strickenareasbyraisingfundsfromallsocialorganizationsandindividualsathomeandabroadTheprivatecollegesvarygreatlyinstandardandreputation,fromtheworld-famousandselecttothecrankyandtheobscure.私立院校的水平与声誉彼此相差甚远,从举世闻名,出类拔萃到动荡不稳或默默无闻。,Deletion省略,让我们把中日友好事业推进21世纪及今后的世世代代。LetuscarrythecauseofChina-Japanfriendshipintothe21stcenturyandbeyond.为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。TopromotethedevelopmentofChina-U.S.relations,ChinaneedstoknowtheUnitedStatesbetterandviceversa.每个国家，每个民族都有自己的历史文化传统，都有自己的长处和优势。Everycountryornationhasitsownhistoricalandculturaltraditions,strongpointsandadvantages.,Interpretingexercise,13.4Itstimetobegreen绿化我们的生活,词汇补充,humbledhmbldadj.(自我感觉)卑微的；自愧不如Newcastlenju:,k:sl纽卡斯尔(英国英格兰东北部港市，附近有很多煤矿)abusebju:zvt.滥用；辱骂ecologyi:kldin.生态学ecologisti:kldistn.生态学家tonnetnn.计量吨（1000千克）fertilizerf:tilaizn.肥料pesticidepestisaidn.杀虫剂siltsiltn.淤泥；煤粉,smothersmvt.使窒息marinemri:nadj.海洋的oceanfloor海底trawltr:lv.用拖网捕鱼fellfelvt.击倒，推倒，砍倒extravagantikstrvntadj.奢侈的；浪费的squanderskwndvt.挥霍；浪费breakingpoint断裂点；强度极限depletedipli:tvt.耗尽，用尽,“Peakoil”(产出巅峰)isaphrasecoinedbyanAmericangeologistDr.MarionKingHubbertduringthe1950s.AccordingtotheHubbertpeakhypothesis,peakoilisreachedonce50%oftheworldsoilhasbeendepleted.Oncethepeakispassed,oilproductionbeginstogodownwhilecostbeginstogoup.,Interpretation,1.Distinguishedguests,ladiesandgentlemen,Ifeelhumbledtobeaskedtogivethisspeech.IfeellikeIambringingcoalstoNewcastleinthepresenceofthisdistinguishedaudiencehere.,尊敬的来宾、女士们、先生们：在各位贵宾的面前发言，我颇决惭愧，我觉得自己有点像是在班门弄斧。,2.Theessenceofmyspeechtodayisthis:Neverunderestimatethepowerofafewcommittedpeopletochangetheworld.IfyouremembernothingelseIhopeyouwillneverforgetthatallofyou,everyoneofyou,canmakeapositivedifferenceinthisworld.Whatsmore,ifyouactcollectivelywithotherpeople,yourinfluencewillbethatmuchgreater.,今天我讲话的根本目的在于告诉大家:决不要低估一些下定决心改变世界的人的能力。如果你们记不住我讲了些什么，请你们无论如何记住一点，那就是，你们每个人都能够使这个世界变得更好。更重要的是，只要大家团结一心，共同努力，那么个人的作用也会更大。,3.Weneedtomakeadifference,becausewefacerealandseriousthreatstoourverysurvival.Weknowthereisonlyoneearthyethumanbeingsrefusetorespectthatfact.Wecontinuallyabusetheecologyoftheplanettothepointthatitiscollapsing.,我们需要发挥自己的作用，因为我们的生存面临着非常现实而严峻的威胁。我们都知道，世上只有一个地球，但有些人对此不以为然。我们不断地破坏地球的生态环境，以至于它已经处在崩溃的边缘。,4.Atgroundleveltheearthseemshuge,indestructible,butbeneaththesurfaceofthatbeautifulblueoceanisdevastation.Tonnesoffertilizers,pesticides,otherchemicalsandsiltarepoisoningandsmotheringmarinecreatures.Inmanyplaces,theoceanfloorisbarren,wherebottomtrawlinghasfelledancientcoralforestsanduniquemarinecommunitiesstillunknowntoscience.Manyspeciesoffishandmarinemammalsandbirdsaregoneorrare.Ecologistsworldwidearewarningthatwefaceecologicalcollapseintheoceans,andthatmeansthecollapseofourfishingindustrytoo.,从地平面来看，地球似乎巨大而不可摧毁，但是，在那美丽的蓝色海洋的下面却潜伏着灾难与破坏。大量的化肥、杀虫剂、化学产品和煤粉都在不断地毒害和扼杀海洋生物。海底的许多地方已经变得非常贫瘠，因为拖网捕捞已经破坏了古老的珊瑚森林及那些还不为科学家所知的海洋生物群。许多种类的鱼、海洋哺乳动物和鸟类已经灭绝或濒临灭绝。世界各地的生态学家都警告我们正面临着海洋生态系统的崩溃。那也就意味着我们的捕鱼业将遭受灭顶之灾。,5.Climatechangeisadirectconsequenceofourmassiveconsumptionoffossilfuels:coal,gasandoil.Ouroilconsumptionhasbeensoextravagantthatwehaveusedup,injustonecentury,aroundhalfofwhattheplanethastooffer.Whenthathalf-waypointknownaspeakoilisreached,itbecomesphysicallyimpossibletoincreaseproductionnomatterhowhardyoupumpit.,我们消耗了大量的化石燃料，包括煤、煤气和石油。一个直接后果就是气候的改变。我们对石油的消耗如此之大，以至于我们在一个世纪之内就已经用尽了地球上石油储量的一半。当我们消耗掉地球上一半的石油达到那个所谓的“产出巅峰”后，无论我们怎么努力，石油产量也只能走下坡路了。,6.Whenwereachthatpeak,demandwillcontinuetorise,notjustfromWesternsocietiesthathaveusedmostoftheoilsofar,butalsofromcountriessuchasChinaandIndia,tryingtocatchupwithourlevelofmotorizationandindustrialization.Imaginewhatwouldhappentotheplanetifthetwobillionpeopleinthosetwocountriessquanderedresourceslikewedo?Wecantexpectthemtocontaintheirconsumptionifwedontreduceours.,可是当我们达到产出巅峰后，需求量却仍在不断增加，不仅是来自那些迄今已消耗了大部分石油的西方国家，还来自像中国和印度等其他国家。这些国家现在都在试图赶上我们的机动化和工业化的水平。试想那两个国家的20亿人民也和我们一样浪费资源的话，地球将变成什么样子？如果我们自己不减少使用的话，我们就不能期望他们限制消耗。,7.Naturehasitslimitsandwearetestingthemtobreakingpoint.Weareourownworstenemy.Wethinkthattechnologycansolveeverythingwheninfactmanyofourtechnologies,suchasgeneticengineering,arepartoftheproblem.Wecantbeatnature,butwecanworkwithittolivewithinitsincomeratherthandepletingitscapital.,大自然有它的极限，而我们正在迫使大自然突破这些极限。我们就是自己最大的敌人。我们以为技术能解决一切问题，但事实上许多技术，比如基因工程，本身已经成为大问题。我们无法战胜自然，我们必须与之共存，我们对自然资源应该取之有度，而非使其枯竭。,8.Insteadofdrivingevenfasteraswegetclosertotheedgeofthecliff,itstimetoslowdown.Itstimetobegreeninsteadofgreedy.Weneedtochangethewaywelive,tochangethewaywework,tochangethewaywedobusinessandtochangetherulesthatgovernmentsmake.Thattakesbothpersonalandpoliticalwill.,我们不能再让大自然继续加速朝着崩溃的边缘走去，而是应该放慢脚步，停止贪婪，绿化我们的生活。我们要改变我们的生活方式，工作方式和经营方式，并改变政府制定的法规。这需要个人与政府的共同努力。,Self-studymaterial,13.3印度洋海啸TheIndianOceanTsunami,参考译文,TheIndianOceantsunami,whichtookplaceinlate2004,shockedandgrievedthewholeworld.ItsweptmanyIndianOceancountrieslikeIndonesia,ThailandandSriLanka.Thedeathtollreached300,000ofwhom100,000wereIndonesians.Lotsoffamilieslosttheirlovedones.Duringthisunexpecteddisaster,thenumberofpeoplewhosuffereddirectlyorindirectlyreached5million.Theinternationalcommunityhasgivendisasterreliefaidanddonationstothedisaster-strickenareas.,TheaidfromtheChinesegovernmentandpeoplewasover1.2billionRMB.Suchagreatdisasterinthe21stcenturydeservespondering.Reflectinguponthedisaster,peopleaskwhyithappenedandwhetheritcouldhavebeenavoided.Peoplenowarerevealingin-depththoughtandanalysisonthecauseofthedisaster.,First,itwasapunishmentforhumanitysbehavioragainstnature.Theprimarycauseofthecatastrophelayinthegreatnumberofhousesbuiltalongtheoceanshoresandthegreatdamagedonetotheenvironment.Earthquakesandtheirresultingtsunamisarenaturalphenomena.However,thistsunamiclaimedtensofthousandsoflives.Wecannotwhollyattributeittonaturebecausehumanbeingshaveexpropriatedplacesthatshouldnotbeexpropriated.,Numeroushotelsandrestaurantswerebuiltalongtheseafrontinmanycountriesinordertoattracttourists.Thishasundoubtedlyincreasedtheriskofbeingstruckbynaturaldisasters.Someexpertshavepointedoutthatcoralreefsandmangrovesintheshallowwaterareascouldhaveprotectedpeoplefromthetsunami.However,inthepast20or30years,peoplehavefishedandfarmedshrimpandloggedmangrovesinexcess.Asaresult,peoplehavepaidaheavyprice.,Secondly,thelackofpreventiveandwarningmechanismsagainsttsunamileftpeoplecompletelyunpreparedandunprotected.Theearthquakeitselfdidntcausethehugedamage,butthetsunamithatfollowedit2hoursafterwardswhenmanyareashadalreadyfeltthequake.Hadtherebeenaneffectivepreventiveandwarningmechanism,thelocalpeoplewouldhavehadenoughtimetogetclear.Thedeathtollandotherlosseswouldhavebeenminimized.,Afterthedisaster,somestateleadersgavespeechesurgingtheinternationalcommunitytotakepreventivemeasuresandtominimizethelossescausedbynaturaldisasterslikethetsunami.Peopleshouldlearnlessonsfromitandtakeontheresponsibilitytoprotecttheglobalenvironment.Thegovernmentsofthecountriesconcernedshouldworktogethertoestablishapreventiveandwarningmechanism.,TheinternationalcommunityshouldalsolearnlessonsfromtheIndianOceantsunamiandfindoutwhatstillneedstobedone,andraisepeoplesawarenessofhowtosurviveearthquakesandtsunamis.Thoughwecannotavoidsimilardisasters,wecancertainlyminimizethelossesthroughourconcertedefforts.,13.5Dialogueonenvironmentalprotection对话环保,参考译文,Anchor:Welcometoourshow.Lookingthroughthecalendar,weseeanumberofmemorabledays.Forexample,March12isArborDayinChina;March22isWorldWaterDay;March23isWouldMeteorologicalDay;June5isWorldEnvironmentDay.Thesememorabledaysareveryspecialbecausetheyarerelatedtoenvironmentalprotection.Intheeyesofpeopleadvocatingenvironmentalprotection,thesedaysarenotjustdaystoremember,butarealsowarningsandevenexpectations.Sotoday,ourtopicisenvironmentalprotection.Now,letswelcomeourdistinguishedguest,Mr.Strong.First,wouldyouliketointroduceyourself?Howoldareyouforexample?,斯特朗：我感觉自己就像是21岁，但是日历上说下个月我就要75岁了。,Anchor:Butwecanfeelthatatthismoment,youareyoungandenergetic,andmorelike21.Mr.Strong,itthepast,duetothedifferentinterestsoftheSouthandtheNorth,theideasaboutenvironmentalprotectionandtherespectivepositionstheytookwerequitedifferent.Doyouthinkpersonallythegapbetweenthedevelopedandthedevelopingcountriesinthisregardisbecominglargerorsmaller?,斯特朗：现在我们对环保的了解更多更深了，我们已经获得了很多经验和新技术，可以帮助我们解决环境问题，但是我们仍然做得不够。尽管我们取得了这么多的进步，但是科学家告诉我们，地球的一些基本条件和环境仍在恶化。这意味着人类的未来前景，由于我们没有很好地保护环境，正受到非常大的影响。但是有一点不同，那就是至少我们现在知道自己在做什么，我们或多或少知道该如何去解决这些问题，虽然不是全部解决。我们仍然需要继续学习，但是我们做得还不够好。,对于中国来说，令人鼓舞的是中国领导人。我刚才一直在听中国人民代表大会的报道，中国领导人提到经济发展必须与社会发展和环境保护之间取得良好的平衡。这是以人为本的发展，科学的发展。这是非常重要的，因为这来自于政府的最高领导层，这便意味着他们充分意识到了将来必须更加小心谨慎地管理好经济发展中出现的问题，并走可持续发展道路。否则增强国家实力，改善人民生活的目标就不可能实现。中国的行动和取舍将会对全世界的未来产生重大影响。,Anchor:Iabsolutelyagreewithyou.IntodaysChina,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheeconomy,theissueofenvironmentalprotectionhasbeeraisedtotheheightofnationalsecurity.ManypeoplearewonderinghowtocontinuethepathofsustainabledevelopmentandwhetherChinaswaysofdoingsowillhaveimportanteffectsontheglobalenvironment.,斯特朗：我深信中国在这个过程中将要扮演一个非常关键的角色，因为中国是世界上最大的国家。中国的经济发展速度也是世界上最快的。但是我们知道，比如说谈到中国的母亲河黄河，它的泥沙沉积量是亚马逊河与密西西比河相加的3倍。中国有将近4000的湖泊，其中3000已经干涸，其余的也在慢慢干涸之中，或正在被污染，这是眼下的事实。,我并不是在批评中国的发展，因为你们已经取得了切实的成就。但是与此同时我们知道，如果你们不注意采取保护