2011年高考英语备考 单项填空的得分技巧课件 新人教版

,2011年英语高考备考单项填空的得分技巧2011-03-06,I-1值得重视的命题-倒叙命题,从这一角度命题的特点是将原本可以正常表述的内容断开,将后半段提到前面。这一命题方式既考虑到了语言交际性的特点,又容易增强命题的隐蔽性,凸显命题的层次感。解题时,可以考虑将题干交代的顺序抚正,或将题干的后半部看作是省略,将其补齐,都可收到良好效果。这一命题风格在以往的NMET单项填空试题的命制中时有见到,这一命题手段已经成为NMET单项填空备考所要掌握的重要内容。,1.IdontthinkIllneedanymoneybutIllbringsome.A.atlastB.incaseC.onceagainD.intime题解:IdontthinkIllneedanymoneybutIllbringsomeincase.=IllbringsomemoneyincaseIllneedany.解题时,可将incase之后看作省去了Illneedsomemoney。例:Takesomewarmclothesincasetheweatheriscold.=Theweatherisnotcold,buttakesomewarmclothesincase(theweatheriscold).答案:B,2.Dr.BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Icantremember.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that题析:将选项C代入题干,即正常表述顺序:Icantrememberwhichuniversity(ortown)DrBlackcomesfrom,OxfordorCambridge.答案:C,I-2Butshepromised!式的命题将原本可以完整表述的内容,拆成两部分,并设计成对话形式。1.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised题解:相当于Nancyisnotcomingtonight,butshepromised!答案:B,2.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?YouwithBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayed题解:选项A“couldhavestayed”表示“原本能待在一起,但却没待的意思,暗含惊讶的意味。此题从语法上来说,属于混合型虚拟语气的范畴。此题=IcouldhavestayedwithBarbarawhileinNewYork,butIdidnt.Istayedatahotel.答案:A,I-3not避免重复命题1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,Bitmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake题解:此题的命制依据如下规则:Notcanbeusedtomakeshortnegative(否定)clauseswhichavoid(避免)repeating(重复)partoftheprevious(先前的)clause,oftentheverb.Itisoftenusedinthiswaytomakeacorrection(修订)ordistinction(区别):,(1)Thismaybeadaylate,notafortnightIhope.(2)Iwaslaughing,notcrying.(3)Hefounditonthefloor,notontheshelf.(4)Seeyouonthe25th,ifnotbefore.2.ItistheabilitytodothejobBmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it题解:该题题干notwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.中not的用法很有特点。,I-4有Alice,you加入的附加问句命题-Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?-ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didntyouD.dontyou题解:可对关键句Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,作如下转换,以化解难度,印证答案。Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,willyou?=Feedthebirdtoday,willyou,Alice?iii.选项Ddontyou则是You,Alice,feedthebirdeveryday,的反意附加形式,故不用。答案:B,Ihatewhenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them题解:这是it的较难的用法。it在题中指代的内容十分模糊,可以认为指某种情形,如:Thuswhenhespoke,itwasinasharpervoice.下面是it其他的较难的用法。(1)Itakeityouhavebeenout.(2)Letmecomeandstay.Youcanputitthatitwasarrangedbefore.(3)Youmaydependuponittheyarevaluable.(4)LegendhasitthatWuSungisburiedatHangzhou.答案:A,I-5指代内容模糊的it的命题,I-6现在分词用作状语,而其逻辑主语模糊的命题Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake题解:(1)选项Amaking相当于whichmakes;which引出非限定性的定语从句,修饰Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries全句。(2)现在分词用作状语,其逻辑主语模糊的情形极少见到,从理论上说,making倒更像是个介词。答案:A,I-7带有宾语复合结构的介词with的命题productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through题解:选项A应改为Asproductionisupby60%;选项B应改为Thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear,forproductionisupby60%.;选项Cwith是唯一带有宾语复合结构的介词,用法广泛,可译为随着.。还可将Withproductionupby60%改写为Productionupby60%,从而使该结构成为独立主格结构,意思不变。答案:C,I-8祈使句+and/or=if条件句的命题itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave题解:此题测试考生对一个重要句式的掌握,即:祈使句+and/or=if条件句Workhard,andyouwillsucceed.Workhard,oryouwillfail.答案:D,I-9巧妙的命题getpaid=gettheirpay等1.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay题解:(1)usuallygetpaid=areusuallypaid;get=be(2)getpaid=gettheirpay(3)由于动词get兼有行为动词与系动词两种用法,pay兼有动词与名词两种用法,又由于pay用作名词时,要与冠词或相当于冠词的词连用,使得该题答案的判断过程甚为复杂。答案:C,2.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseethenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout题解:carriedout用作宾语补足语,表明与宾语plan的关系;相当于Theywouldliketoseetheplancarriedoutthenextyear.答案:C,I-10易混词的命题1.himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch题解:选项Amindhim意为lookafterhim,不合文意;选项B和C都可以与其后的宾语him搭配使用,但him应处于静止状态,与文意copywhathedoes不符。=Watchwhathedoes,但却没有类例:Watchwhathedoes/howhedoesit/whereheputsthering.,Heshouldwatchhisweight-hesgettingreallyquiteatummy.答案:D2.-DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls?-Yes.Theyhavebetterplayers,soIthemtowin.A.hopeB.preferC.expectD.want题解:选项Ahope没有hopesomebodytodosomething的用法,故不用。选项B应用在Theyhavebetterplayers,butIprefertheBullstowin.情景中。选项Cexpectsomebodytodosomething期待某人做某事,符合文意。答案:C,I-11交际英语的命题会话命题的特点是灵活、短小,前言后语连接紧凑。答语多呈省略状态,而且语言的场景性突出,这就增加了答案的隐蔽性。1.-Waiter!-.-Icanteatthis.Itstoosalty.A.Yes,sir?B.What?C.Allright?D.Pardon?,题解:干扰性较强的选项BWhat?表示惊愕或恼怒,是一感叹词:What?Icantbelieveit!Theycantdothat.答案:A2.-Whatabouthavingadrink?-.A.Goodidea.B.Helpyourself.C.Goahead,please.D.Me,too.题解:选项AGoodidea.=Thatagoodidea.Whatabouthavingadrink?为建议用语。=Howabouthavingadrink?=Whydontwehaveadrink?答案:A,I-12词序命题近年NMET单项填空试题的命制中常有对词序的考查,应引起注意。1.totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave题解:选项CStudentsbraveenough=Studentswhoarebraveenough作副词用的enough修饰形容词时应置于其后。答案:C,2.IfIhad,IdvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough题解:(1)选项A=aholidaylongenough(2)副词enough在修饰形容词时,只能置于其后。(3)enough修饰形容词,形容词修饰名词,都置于名词之前的用法,在教学中较少用到,在NMET命题中也不多见。类例:agoodenoughprice答案:A,I-13短语与搭配用法在NMET单项填空中的命题1.Yourperformanceinthedrivingtestdidntreachtherequiredstandard-,youfailed.A.intheendB.afterallC.inotherwordsD.atthesametime题解:inotherwords意为换句话说。用于使用另一方式表述相同内容的场合。类例:IsoonfoundthattheworkIwasdoinghadalreadybeendonebysomeoneelse-inotherwords,Iwaswastingmytime.答案:C,2.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelighthappenedto.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout题解:goout指熄灭。答案:D3.Shehisnumberinthephonebooktomakesurethatshehadgotitright.A.lookedupB.lookedforC.pickedoutD.pickedup题解:lookup(查找)lookupaword;lookupanumberlookfor(寻找)lookforamissingboy;lookforajob答案:A,I-14动词过去进行时态的命题近年NMET单项填空在对动词时态的命制上,较多地选用过去进行时,并为此设计出有较大思考空间的试题。对此现象,应引起注意。1.ThereportersaidthattheUFOeasttowestwhenhesawit.A.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravel题解:该题涉及到对一个十分重要的动词时态及其句式的判断,即:动词过去进行时+when+动词一般时,该句式表示某个动作正在进行,就在这时,另一动作发生;该句式所表述的意思侧重点不在主句,而在从句:Iwasleavingwhenthemorningmailcame.Iwassleepingwhentheearthquakehappened.该句式在NMET2000试题中共考到两次,另一次是作为书面表达一个要点,出现在NMET2000书面表达的答案里:IwaswalkingalongParkRoadtowardstheeastwhenanelderlymancameoutoftheparkontheothersideofthestreet.答案:A,2.-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!-Oh,Imterriblysorry.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.Idontnotice题解:此题的关键处在lookwhereyouaregoing中的进行时态。解题时,可将问句作如下变化,以利理解:-Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!Youarenotnoticing(whereyouaregoing)!-Oh,Imterriblysorry.(到此时,答话人已意识到刚才的行为,故用过去进行时接上句)Iwasntnoticing(justnow).答案:B,I-15动词完成时态的命题1.-Howareyoutoday?-Oh,IasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.A.didntfeelB.wasntfeelingC.dontfeelD.haventfelt题解:译-今天感觉怎么样?-我很久未曾病得像现在这样。(意思是指今天病得实在不轻。)IhaventfeltasillasIdonowforaverylongtime.=IhaventfeltasillforaverylongtimeasIdonow.=Foraverylongtime,IhaventfeltasillasIdonow.选项A应用在-Howdidyoufeelyesterday?-IdidntfeelasillasIdonow.的情景中。答案:D,2.-Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.-Iamtired.Ithelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted题解:(1)题干中的“allday”有强调作用,使用现在完成进行时与之配合使用。(2)观察下面句子中现在完成进行时的用法。Theyhavebeenmeetingtogetherweeklynowfortwoyears.答案:C,I-16不定式完成时态的命题1.Robertissaidabroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying题解:此题的关键处在whatcountryhestudiedin。不定式的完成时可以表示过去时,此处用tohavestudied与句中studied相配合。类例:Heissaidtohavebeenrichtwentyyearsago.答案:A,2.IwouldloveBtothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone题解:wouldlove;meant;hoped;desired;expected;planned;promised;wished;wanted;etc.与完成时态的不定式连用,以表示其过去原本希望过,但未实现的意思,是动词不定式中不常见的用法,也是不定式中较难的用法。此种用法常加上but并列句。,S.+希望v.+to+v.表未来tohave+过去分词表过去原本希望,但未实现。,I(C)youoffyesterday,butIdidnthavetime.A.hopetohaveseenB.hopetoseeC.hopedtohaveseenD.hopedtosee【提示】完成时态的不定式还有如下用法,请留意。,S.+推断V.+to+v.表同时tohave+过去分词表发生在主要动词之前,seem;appear;besaid;besupposed;bebelieved;bethought;beknown;bereported等动词常用于上述句型。(1)Thatbeggarseems(A)anything.A.nottohaveeatenB.nottoeatC.didnteatD.tonothaveeaten(2)Iknowhim(A)agoodfootballplayerwhileincollege.A.tohavebeenB.tobeC.wasD.hadbeen答案:B,I-17较难掌握的情态词命题1.-AreyoucomingtoJeffsparty?-Imnotsure.Igotoconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might题解:选项Amust和Cshould都应是Imquitesure的补充。选项Dmight含不确定因素,与Imnotsure的意思相吻合。答案:D,2.-Willyoustayforlunch?-Sorry,.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.ImustntB.IcantC.IneedntD.Iwont题解:Sorry是针对表邀请的句式Willyou.的否定回答;Icant为省略语。补齐的句子为:Icantstayforlunch.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.是Icantstayforlunch的原因。答案:B,I-18冠词的命题1.PapermoneywasinuseinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryinthirteencentury.A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.不填;不填题解:此题涉及两个固定的英语表达方式,即(1)inuse(在使用)反意表达为outofuseIfthisisnotinuse,Idliketoborrowit.(2)inthethirteenthcentury(在13世纪)英语中序数词要与定冠词连用。答案:C,2.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwithanimalsofdifferentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.A.the;aB.不填;aC.the;theD.不填;the题解:译大多数的动物同另类动物联系很少,除非它们把另类动物当作食物吃掉。of.kind.种类例:Ifollowmyownopinionsnothersinquestionsofthiskind.Idontlikepeopleofthatkind.animalsofadifferentkind相当于adifferentkindofanimalsa(different)kindof含冠词的功能,故animals不再与冠词连用。答案:B,I-19近年较为多见的定语从句命题对于定语从句的考查,近年也有增多的趋向,对此应引起关注。1.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which题解:which引导出非限定性的定语从句。which=theworkwouldbedonebyOctober.该定语从句相当于:PersonallyIdoubtverymuchthattheworkwillbedonebyOctober.对于定语从句的考查,在近年NMET单项填空的命题中,只有NMET96第16题:AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownBhegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when答案:D,2.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what题解:which引出非限定性的定语从句。which=Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplayandthis顺便提示一下always与进行时态连用是个好的表达,意为习惯于做.。答案:B,I-20连词before、while的命题有新意1.Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buttheyhungupIcouldanswerthephone.A.asB.sinceC.untilD.before题解:选项Dbefore意为还未来得及做某事,就.,以此说明前面动作结束之快。答案:D点评:不把连词before当作在.之前的这种用法还出现在NMET98书面表达的答案里:Thetimepassedquickly.Beforeweknewit,wehadtosaygoodbyetotheworkers.由于该句式的使用,使得该书面表达的结尾精彩、有力。再请看其他例证:,(1)BeforeIhadtimetoreply,hewentaway.我还没来得及回答他就走了。(2)Ihadnotwaitedlongbeforeshecame.我没等多久她就来了。(3)Itwasmidnightbeforehereturned.他直到午夜时分才回来。(4)Itwaslongbeforeshecame.她过了很久才来。(5)Itwasnotlongbeforeshecame.她没过多久就来了。(6)Theyhadnotbeenmarriedamonthbeforetheyquarreled.他们结婚还没到一个月就反目了。,2.-Imgoingtothepostoffice.-yourethere,canyougetmesomestamps?A.AsB.WhileC.BecauseD.If题解:i.while含趁着你在那儿之意。Theteacheroftensays,AskmemorequestionswhileImhere.ii.选项A、C应改为As/Becauseyouaregoingtothepostoffice。答案:B,I-21强调句的命题NMET单项填空重视考查强调句,为NMET必考内容。1.Itistheabilitytodothejobmattersnotwhereyoucomefromorwhatyouare.A.oneB.thatC.whatD.it题解:此题考查强调句,强调句的句型为:Itis/was+强调成分+that从句。答案:B2.ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecentlyBIbegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so题解:该题的强调成分为onlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently。,3.Itwasabout600yearsagothefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when题解:(1)为强调句的用法;强调物是时间短语about600yearsago。(2)强调句是NMET单项填空常考试题,如:Itwasnotuntil1920(C)regularradiobroadcastsbegan.A.whileB.whileC.thatD.sinceItwasnot(B)shetookoffherdarkglasses(B)Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then答案:A,I-22状语从句的命题1.Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingsyoucanfindthemagain.A.whenB.whereC.thenD.there题解:Weleavesomethinginaplaceorstate(状态):(1)Ihaveleftmykeyathome.(2)Helefthiswatchinthehotel.(3)Heleftitwherehehadfoundit.(4)Leavethecatalone.答案:B,2.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputuptherehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when题解:选项Bwhere引出一个表地点的副词从句。Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamark(D)youhaveanyquestions.A.atwhichB.atwhereC.theplacewhereD.where答案:B,1-23分词的命题1.TheOlympicGames,in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying题解:i.(用将省略的成分补齐)选项C=TheOlympicGames,whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.ii.选项B为不定式。用作定语时,所表示的动作一般都还未发生,从逻辑上看,属将来时的范畴,故不用。答案:C,2.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoorSorrytomissyou;willcalllater.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading题解:选项Dreading用作message的定语,相当于whichread;read一词意为上面写着。类例:TheticketreadsFromNewYorktoBoston.答案:D,1-24-ever从句的命题1.,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A.HoweverlateisheB.HoweverheislateC.HoweverishelateD.Howeverlateheis题解:选项D=Nomatterhowlateheis;为一让步状语从句的用法。答案:D,2.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever题解:(1)whatever=anythingthat(that引出形容词从句)(2)whatever为复合关系代名词,本身兼有先行词的功能。(3)复合关系代名词whatever引出的从句可在句中担任主语、表语和宾语。答案:B,1-25比较的命题1.ProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheisknownforhisplays.A.thebestB.moreC.betterD.themost题解:选项C是well(known)的比较级形式;wellknown;betterknown;bestknown；awell-knownpoet;abetter-knownpoet;thebest-knownpoet答案:C,2.Jimmyistheoldestboyandistallerthanboyintheclass.A.theotherB.anyotherC.eachD.all题解:比较级应注意避免和包括自身的对象比较.答案:B,anyother+单数名词比较级+than+allother+复数名词anyoneelse,I-26倒装的命题1.-Johnwonfirstprizeinthecontest.-.A.SohedidB.SodidheC.Sohedid,tooD.Sodidhe,too题解:问答两句的主语是指同一人时,简略附和语应采用so+主语+动词的形式,表赞同。i.-JohnstudiesFrench.ii