名词专项讲解.doc

名词要点名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式：s所有格及of所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1. 专有名词：名字(人名、地名、书名、机构名)、与国家有关的(国家、国民、语言)、日期（节日、星期、月份）2.普通名词:包括可数名词和不可数名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物例:sister、table、bike、window集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例:family、police、class、group不可数名词物质名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例:water、air、wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例:danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。【注意】（1）family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数；（2）部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。Thepolice(主语)+谓语动词复数people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。(The)people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式(1)规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情况在词尾直接加s,例bags。2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词加-es，例bus-busesbox-boxes。3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es例city-cities；以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以o结尾的除potato(马铃薯)、tomato(西红柿)、hero(英雄)加es，其余直接加s。5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v加es,roof、proof直接加-s，例life-liveswife-wivesroofroofs。(2)不规则变化1. 单词拼写发生变化man-men woman-women policeman-policemenfoot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice child-children2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面例：anEnglishman-Englishmen anAmerican-Americans(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。例：acupofcoffee(一杯咖啡)twoglassesofmilk(两杯牛奶)threepiecesofpaper(三张纸)fourbottlesofwater(四杯水)三、名词所有格含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。表示形式：一种是s所有格，一种是of所有格BeijingisChinascapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.ThisisTomsbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.Lilyisthekeysowner.=Lilyistheownerofthekey.1 s所有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加s，如Lucyspen路西的钢笔ChildrensDay（儿童节）；以s结尾的复数名词，只加,如thestudentsbooks学生们的书。2几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加s,如LucyandLilysbedroom(露西和莉莉的卧室)。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加s,如LucysandLilysdesks(露西的桌子和莉莉的桌子)。3.of所有格：1).of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom2).双重所有格：of+名词所有格 of+名词性的物住代词Heisafriendofmy_(brother).Issheadaughterof_(you)?1. Theygotmuch_fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwo_andthreebottlesof_here.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_tohishome.A.25minuteswalkB.25minuteswalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anold_wantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto_.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_.A.roomsnumberB.roomsnumberC.roomnumbersD.roomsnumbers7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_.A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room8._motherscouldntgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A.MaryandPetersB.MaryandPeterC.MarysandPeterD.MarysandPeters9.LiLeihasbeento_manytimesthismonth.A.heruncleB.herunclesC.herunclesD.aunts10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasnt_inteaching.A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceC.anexperienceD.alotexperience11.Aclassmateof_washeretenminutesago.A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursisters12.Agroupof_aretalkingwithtwo_.A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansC.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen13.Theteam_havingameeting.A.isB.areC.amD.be14.“Wouldyoulike_?”“_,please.”A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesC.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_,butalsothefleshandbloodof_men.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions三巩固训练：1.Thisis_reading-room.A.theteachersB.teachersC.teachersD.theteachers2.Nothingwasfoundbut_broken.A.theroomwindowB.theroomswindowC.theroomofthewindowD.thewindowofroom3.Howmany_wouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.Hewaspraisedforhis_.A.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbrave5.Pleasegetmeanew_whenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers6.Thereare34_doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.women C.womans D.womens7.Some_areeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.A.bambooB.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboos8.Hewasborninthistownandnowhelivesin_.A.Buildingsecond B.BuildingTwo C.theBuildingTwo D.BuildingtheSecond9.Oldasheis,hehas_todoeveryday.A.alotofworkB.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworksD.quitealotofhomeworks10.Jacksroomisfurnishedwith_.A.newfurnituresB.manynewfurnituresC.manynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture11.Haveyouread_newspaperyet?A.todaysB.TodaysC.thetodaysD.yourtodays12.Itsnotfar,only_walkfromheretoourschool.A.atenminutesB.tenminutes C.atenminutesD.tenminutes13.Lastmonth,hewroteme_letter.A.a1000-wordB.1000wordsC.a1000-wordsD.1000words14.Hehada_sleepyesterday.A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnightsD.good-nights15._isnotalongwaytodrive.A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistanceC.ThreemilesdistanceD.Athree-mile-distance16.Hisisntfitforthework.Pleasegetme_.A.somethingelseB.somebodyelseC.someoneelsesD.somebodyselse17.Doyouknowhowlarge_is?A.populationofChinaB.ChinesepopulationC.ChinapopulationD.Chinaspopulation18._istoomuchfortheboytocarry.A.TheboxweightB.TheboxsweightC.TheweightoftheboxD.Theboxoftheweight19.Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearest_shop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoesD.shoes20.What_weatherwerehavingthesedays!A.niceB.aniceC.abadD.worse21.Theysaythatthemeetingwillbe_.A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportanceC.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportant22.Imgoingtocallat_thisevening.A.MrBlackB.theBlacksC.MrBlacksD.Blacks23.WhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeoplesreligious_.A.beliefB.beliefsC.beliefsD.believs24.Therearesome_waitingforyououtside.A.GermanB.AmericanC.grown-upD.Japanese25.Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindof_tohelppeoplewalk.A.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachine26.Thereremany_inmybrothersalbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stamps27.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof_.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats28.UponhearingwhatIsaid,his_rose.A.angerB.angryC.angrilyD.angriness29.Excuseme,canyouchangethis_forme?A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnote C.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotes30.Youhavetomake_foryourjourneyA.preparingB.preparation C.apreparationD.preparations四课堂过手训练：1.Wehaventgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?(07)AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit2.Iveread_sportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesof3.Linda,Iveboughtmany.Nowletsmakethebirthdaycake.（03）A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodDricedumplings4.Youcangetmuc