第十讲-被动语态及商务英语翻译(修改).ppt

被动的使用,1、话题的确立ThefabulousAudi100(1983version)wasintroducedintoChinainthelate1980s.ItwasfirstassembledinShanghaiVolkswagencompany,andthenwasshiftedtotheFirstAutomobileWorksinChangchun.Itwasintendedasanexecutivecarforhighrankinggovernmentofficialsandbusinessexecutivestoreducetheimportofluxuriousforeigncars.,2.语篇的连贯PerhapsNakedCametheStrangerwasthegreatestlibraryhoaxofthecentury.Newsdaystaffmemberswroteitschapters,(ItschapterswerewrittenbyNewsdaystaffmembers,)eachwritingindependentlyandnotknowingoftheotherswork.Itwasintendedasanincoherentpromographicnovel,tobepublishedunderthenamePenelopeAshe.,AseniorUnitedNationsteamhasarrivedintheAfghancapitaltosecuresafetyguaranteesforUNstafffromtherulingTaliban.ThisfollowsattacksagainsttheUNsofficesinKabulduringseveraldaysofthedemonstrations.TheprotestsweretriggeredbyUNsanctionsagainstAfghanistanaftertheTalibanrefusedtohandoverexiledSaudimillionaireOsamaBinLaden,whoisaccusedbytheUnitedStatesofbeingaterrorist.ThesanctionsareexpectedtohurttheAfghanpeopleratherthanmaketheTalibansuffer.,3.礼貌原则Thereareothertechniquesthatmighthelpyouwithyourstudying.Onlyafewhavebeenmentionedhere.Itisgenerallyconsiderednotadvisabletoactthatway.Passengersarerequestedtocrosstherailwaylinebythefootbridgeonly.YouareinvitedtoagraduationpartyReadersarerequestedtonotethatasfromMay1,thelibrarywillbeopenduringthefollowinghours:7:00a.m.9:00p.m.,4.句子结构平衡的需要，避免头重脚轻。AllthisisdonebytherayscalledINFRARED,whichhaveawavelengthlongerthanthatofvisiblelight.5.表达的客观性需要，多用于科技英语。,英语被动句的翻译,1.译为被动：Lastyeartheregionwasvisitedbytheworstdroughtin60years.去年这个地区遭受了60年来最严重的旱灾。Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodsshallbeexecuted.凡在这些树林里乱扔废物者将受到指控。,Mostlettersfromhiswifearereadtohimbythenurseinthehospital.他妻子写给他的大多数信件是由医院里的护士念给他听的。Hewasreleasedimmediatelyafterthetrial.审判结束后，他马上获释。,2.译为主动句（1）不改变句子结构：,Thatmancannotbereliedupon.那人不可信。Everyminuteshouldbemadegooduseof.每一分钟都要很好利用。Roger,youarewantedonthephone.罗杰，你有电话。,Thehappymancannotbeharried.吉人自有天相。Thethingmustbehandledwithcare.这东西必须轻拿轻放。Anewstudentiskeptonprobationforonesemester.新学生要见习一个星期。,Ifyouarepushedfortime,youhadbettergiveitupthoughitsyourfavorite.如果时间紧迫，你就忍痛割爱吧。Hehasbeenweddedtotranslation.他与翻译结下了不解之缘。Poetsareborn,butoratorsaremade.诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。,（2）变状语为主语，把原主语变为宾语。Theirfriendshipwasturnedintoenmitythroughidlegossips.流言蜚语使他们之间的友谊变成了怨仇。Thenewswaspassedonbywordofmouth.众口相传就把这则新闻传开了。,3.译为无主句Methodsarefoundtotakethesematerialsoutoftherubbishandusethemagain.现在已经找到了从垃圾中提取这些材料并加以利用的方法。Qualityofproductsmustbeguaranteedfirst.首先要确保产品质量。Childrenshouldbetaughttospeakthetruth.应该教孩子们说真话。,Timecanalwaysbefoundtodothingsonewantstodo.只要想干，总是可以找到时间的。Whentheanthemhadbeenplayed,theCongressbegan.奏完国歌后，大会开始。,4.转换主语EnglishisspokeninBritain,theU.S.andsomeothercountries.讲英语的国家有英国、美国和其他一些国家。ThefindingsofthecourtwillbepublishedonWednesday.法庭将在星期三公布调查结果。,ManyvoiceshavebeenraiseddemandingthesettingupofanArabcommonmarket.许多人要求建立一个阿拉伯共同市场。Manynewopportunitieswillbeopenedupinthecourseoftimeforthosewithauniversityeducation.今后，具有大学文化水平的人将会获得很多新的就业机会。,5.惯用译法Itisreportedthatthereare300millionsmokersinmainlandChinaandtheybuy1,600billioncigarettesayear.据报道中国大陆有三亿吸烟者，他们每年要消费16000亿支香烟。ItissuggestedthatthemeetingbeputofftillnextMonday.有人建议会议推迟到下星期一举行。,C-E:汉语被动句译成英语被动句,海外华侨现在不再被人轻视了。OverseasChinesearenolongerlookeddownupon.他被选为学生会主席。HewaselectedChairmanoftheStudentsUnion.,一次被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。Hewhoisbittenoncebyasnake,fortenyearswillbeafraidofagrassrope.龙游浅水遭虾戏Adragonisstrandedinshallowwaterandteasedbyshrimps.,汉语被动句译成英语主动句,这个年轻人应该受到惩罚。Theyoungmandeservespunishing.此谋杀案正在受到调查。Themurderisnowunderinvestigation.,这篇论文经得起推敲。Thepapercanstandcriticizing.这些书由我夫人保管。Thesebookswereinthechargeofmywife.那一地区的严重问题远未被解决。Theseriousprobleminthatareaisfarfromitssolution.,汉语形式上的主动句（实质为被动）译成英语的被动句。,若要信到，请贴足邮票。Letterswillnotbesentunlessadequatelystamped.又一座立交桥将于年底通车。Anotherflyoverwillbeopenedtotrafficbytheendofthisyear.,家家房顶上都装了供沐浴用的太阳能热水器。Asolarheaterisinstalledontheroofofeveryhouse,providingwarmwaterfortheshower.,汉语形式上的主动句（实质为被动）译成英语形式上的主动句(实质为被动）,他的戏剧不宜上演。Hisplayswontact.会议于五点钟休会。Themeetingadjournedatfiveoclock.这根腰带扣不上。Thisbeltwontbuckle.,这些苹果适于烹煮。Theseapplescookwell.这门锁不上。Thedoorwontlock.他的新小说销路很好。Hisnewnovelissellingwell.这些食物容易腐烂。Thesekindsoffoodssoonspoil.,这布很耐洗。Theclothwasheswell.这屋子租不出去。Thehousewontlet.,被动句在商务英语中的运用和翻译：,请来宾将外套存放衣帽间Visitorsarerequestedtoleavetheircoatsinthecloakroom.欢迎来函询购各种电器产品Yourinquiriesforalltypesofelectricalgoodswouldbeappreciated.,盼你方早日交货Weexpectthatthedeliverywillbeeffectedatyourearliestconvenience.急需此货，请即装运Thegoodsareurgentlyneeded.Promptshipmentwillbeappreciated.,在收到你方信用证的两星期之内，我方即可发货ShipmentcanbemadewithintwoweeksafterthereceiptofyourL/C.我们将于近日内送期票给你处承兑Thetimedraftwillbesenttoyouforyouracceptancewithinacoupleofdays.,BillscanbeeasilydiscountedinLondon.汇票在伦敦贴现毫无困难ThegoodswillbeshippedtoChinainfivedifferentlotswithinfiveyears.货物将在五年内分五次向中国发运Afterthesaidlicenseisapproved,weshallestablishanL/Cinyourfavor.许可证获准后，即开立以你方为受益人的信用证AllourpricesarequotedC.I.F.totheportofdestination.我方所报全部价格均为目的港到岸价,Claims,ifany,mustbemadewithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination,afterwhichnoclaimswillbeentertained.万一发生索赔，必须于货到目的地后30天内提出，过期不予受理Thiscontractshallbevalidonandfromthe1stdayofFebruary,1994,andanyofthearticlesinthiscontractshallnotbechangedormodifiedunlessbymutualwrittenconsent.本合同自1994年2月1日起生效，未经双方书面同意，本合同之任何条款不得变更或修改,商务英语语境的特殊词义,Averageisoftwokinds:GeneralAverageandParticularAverage.海损有两种：一种是共同海损，另一种是单独海损。TheexceptionsprovidedinParagraph(a)aresubjecttothefollowingadditionalprovisions.甲款的例外规定应受下列补充规定的约束。,Everyeffortismadetoaddresscustomerneeds.尽一切努力满足客户的要求。Thecompanyisoneofourmajoraccounts,soweshoulddoourbesttosatisfytheirneeds.这家公司是我们的主要客户，因此我们要尽可能满足他们的需求。,Wereceivedanorderforthirtytonsofcoal.我们收到一份30吨煤的订单。Toreducelossandincreaseoverallprofits,theCEOdecidedtogetridofallthedogs.为了减少亏损，全面增加利润，公司总经理决定销毁所有的次品。,Shesuedhimforlibel,andthecourtorderedhimtopayher$1500damages.她控告他诽谤，法庭责令他支付1500美元的赔偿金。Hemadealargefortuneinthefuturestrading.他在期货交易中赚了一大笔钱。,完成货运后，出口商应按信用证备好各种单据。Afterfinishingtheshipmentofthegoods,theexporteristopreparethedocumentsasrequiredbytheletterofcredit.由大连至东京，禁止转船和分批装运。TransshipmentandpartialshipmentarenotallowedfromDaliantoTokyo.,信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商品，得到服务。Creditcardsenabletheirholderstoobtaingoodsandservicesoncredit.早上第一件事就告知您我方报价。Firstthinginthemorningwewillletyouknowourquotation.,商务英语的文体特点,1.用词简洁：Documentsagainstpayment付款交单Freightforward运费到付Inyourfavor以你方为受益人Allsalesarefinal.货物售出，概不退换。,2.语义明确,Aconfirmedirrevocableletterofcreditshallbeestablishedwithin15daysaftertheconclusionofthecontractandsuchletterofcreditshallbemaintainedatleast15daysafterthemonthofshipmentforthenegotiationoftherelativedraft.保兑的和不可撤销的信用证须在合约签订之后十五天内开立。而且，该信用证须在货物付运月份之后至少十五天内继续有效，以便议付有关汇票。,3.行文严谨,ThisagreementismadeandenteredintoinShanghaion18thMay,2003byandbetweenAAA(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Seller”)andBBB(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“Buyer”).本协议由AAA（以下称“卖方”）和BBB（以下称“买方”）于2003年5月18日在上海签订。,AnyandallnoticesandcommunicationsinconnectionwiththeContractshallbewrittenintheEnglishlanguage.所有与本合同有关的通知和通讯均用英文书写。同义词或近义词并立结构:ismadeandenteredinto;byandbetween;anyandall,IntheeventtheBuyerdoesnotfurnishtheSellerwithshippinginformationonorbeforeMay19,2003,theSellermayathisoptioncancelthiscontract.若买方未在2003年5月19日或在此之前向卖方提供装船通知，卖方可撤销本合同。onorbefore选择性并立结构,正规、庄重的用词：hereinbefore(以上）,wheresoever（无论何处）,hereunto（迄今）,Shipmentistobemadeintwoequallotsatanintervalof30days.货分两批按相等数量间隔30天装运。ThepackingofourMensShirtsiseachinapolybag,5dozentoacartonlinedwithwaterproofpaperandboundwithtwoironstrapsoutside.我方男衬衫的包装为每件套一塑料袋，5打装一纸箱，内衬防潮纸，外打铁箍两道。,4.措辞委婉,Enclosedpleasefindacopyofourpricelist.随函寄上我方的价目表一份，请查收。However,uptothepresentwriting,wehavenothadthepleasureofhearingfromyou.然而，迄今为止未见贵方赐复。,Weshouldbemuchobligedifyoucouldmakeusafirmofferfor100tons.如能报给我方一个一百吨的实盘，我方将不胜感谢。Ifyouwillkindlyinformusastohisfinancialstanding,reliabilityandreputationforpayingbills,weshallgreatlyappreciatetheoffer.如蒙贵方将他的财务情况、信用状况及付款方面的信誉情况告知我方，我方将非常感谢。,翻译要点,准确表达中的专业用语PleasequoteusyourlowestpriceCIFLondonforwalnut.请报我方胡桃最低伦敦到岸价。Intheeventofforcemajeureoranyothercontingenciesbeyondourcontrol,weshallnotbeheldresponsibleforthelatedeliveryornon-deliveryofthegoods.如果发生不可抗力事件，或我们无法控制的任何其他意外事故，我方对迟交或不交货概不负责。,以普通此表达商务专业术语：honour承兑Downpayment分期付款Underseparatecover另邮Meeteachotherhalfway双方作同等的让步Besubjecttochangewithoutpreviousnotice可随时修改，不预先通知,PartyAshallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyordersortocollectanyaccountsonandafterMay28.自5月28日起，甲方无权接受订单或账单。Thedateofthereceiptissuedbytransportationdepartmentconcernedshallberegardedasthedateofdeliveryofthegoods.由承运的运输机构所开具的收据日期即被视为交货日期。Itisagreedthatamarginof2percentshallbeallowedforoverorshortcount.双方同意，允许的数量误差为正负2%.,2.力求简洁凝练,Weshouldbemuchobligedforanyinformationastothestandingofthefirm,andyoumayrestassuredthatanythingthuscommunicatedwillgonofurther.如蒙惠告该公司的信用状况，我方将不胜感激。对任何有关的资料，我们将予以保密，敬请放心。,Iventuretoinviteyoutohavealookatourstand,andyoumayrestassuredthatyouwillnotbepressedtobuy.本人冒昧地邀请贵方光顾我方展台，购买与否，悉随尊便。Wearesorrytoinformyouthatyourclaimagainstusforshortweightisunsuit