丘吉尔 Winston Churchillppt课件

.,WinstonChurchill,.,WinstonChurchill(18741965):theBritainPrimeMinister(19401945)(19511955),ledBritainfromneardefeattovictoryinWorldWarII;Hisbestknownbook,theSecondWorldWar,winningTheNobelPrizeofLiteraturein1953.,.,TheMostNobleOrderoftheGarter(嘉德勋章),.,Blenheim(布伦海姆宫)andtheChurchills,BlenheimPalace,WinstonChurchillsbirthplace.Thepalacedatesbackto1704andwasagiftfromQueenAnnetothe1stDukeofMarlborough(马尔伯勒公爵).HewasthecommanderofthearmiesthatdefeatedtheFrenchinbattlesatthebeginningofthe18thcentury.,.,Hefather,LordRandolphChurchill(伦道夫丘吉尔勋爵),aMemberofParliamentandambitiouspoliticianofthetime.HismotherwasthedaughterofawealthybusinessmanfromNewYork,USA.,.,HewasgraduatedfromRoyalMilitaryAcademySandhurst(桑赫斯特皇家军事学院)in1895.Aftertwoyears,hewenttoCubaasawarcorrespondent(战地记者)toraiseinformationforMilitaryIntelligence(情报局).,.,theAnglo-BoerWar,TheAnglo-BoerWarbrokeoutin1899.AsacorrespondentforDailyMail,ChurchillwascaughtbyBoerhorsemenwhenherealizedhelefthisgun.Therewasnothingtodobuttosurrender.themostinteresting,heescapedfromthelocalprison.ByJuly,1900,hewasbackinEngland.hewasanationalheroandseveralconstituencieswantedhimtostandastheirMP.,.,Afterabriefbuteventfulcareerinthearmy,ChurchillbecameaConservative(保守派)MPin1900.In1908,hebecamepresidentoftheBoardofTrade.,.,Inthemidstofallhisgovernmentwork,hemarriedClementineHozier(克莱门坦霍齐儿)in1908.Shewas23andhewas33.TheysetuphomeinLondonandwereto5childrentogether.,.,AftertheFirstWorldWar,attheParisPeaceConference(巴黎和会),ChurchillinsistedonpunishingGermanymaximallyandinterferingtheRussianRevolution.AfterAdolfHitlerattackedPolandin1939,Chamberlain(张伯伦)sappeasementpolicy(绥靖政策)wasfailed.,.,ChurchillwasappointedtheWarCabinetPrimeMinister(战时内阁首相)andhegaveaspeechinHouseofCommonsaftertoencouragehispeopletoagainstNaziGermany.,.,blood,toil,tearsandsweat,Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.Wehavebeforeusanordealofthemostgrievouskind.Wehavebeforeusmany,manymonthsofstruggleandsuffering.Youask,whatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword,Itisvictory.Victoryatallcosts-victoryinspiteofallterrors-victory,howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybe,forwithoutvictorythereisnosurvival.,.,blood,toil,tearsandsweat,Letthatberealized.NosurvivalfortheBritishEmpire,nosurvivalforallthattheBritishEmpirehasstoodfor,nosurvivalfortheurge,theimpulseoftheages,thatmankindshallmoveforwardtowardhisgoal.Itakeupmytaskinbuoyancyandhope.Ifeelsurethatourcausewillnotbesufferedtofailamongmen.Ifeelentitledatthisjuncture,atthistime,toclaimtheaidofallandtosay,Comethen,letusgoforwardtogetherwithourunitedstrength.,.,threemagnates,WinstonChurchill,FranklinRooseveltStalinIosifVissarionovich,.,AfterWorldWarII,theWartimeCabinetwasdissolved.AnewGeneralelectionwasheldand,tohissurprise,Churchilllost.Instead,ClementRichardAttlee(艾德礼),theleaderofLabourParty,wasthenewPrimeMinister.ChurchillbegantowriteTheMemoryofWorldWarII.,.,theIronCurtainSpeech(铁幕演说),In1946,hegaveaspeechinAmerica,heinsistedagainstCommunismandtheSovietUnion,itwasthesignoftheColdWar.,.,theIronCurtainSpeech,.,Itismyduty,however,toplacebeforeyoucertainfactsaboutthepresentpositioninEurope.FromStettingintheBaltictoTriesteintheAdriaticanironcurtainhasdescendedacrosstheContinent.BehindthatlinelieallthecapitalsoftheancientstatesofCentralandEasternEurope.Warsaw,Berlin,Prague,Vienna,Budapest,Belgrade,BucharestandSofia;allthesefamouscitiesandthepopulationsaroundthemlieinwhatImustcalltheSovietsphere,andallaresubject,inoneformoranother,notonlytoSovietinfluencebuttoaveryhighandinsomecasesincreasingmeasureofcontrolfromMoscow.,.,Irepulsetheideathatanewwarisinevitable-stillmorethatitisimminent.ItisbecauseIamsurethatourfortunesarestillinourownhandsandthatweholdthepowertosavethefuture,thatIfeelthedutytospeakoutnowthatIhavetheoccasionandtheopportunitytodoso.IdonotbelievethatSovietRussiadesireswar.Whattheydesireisthefruitsofwarandtheindefiniteexpansionoftheirpoweranddoctrines.Butwhatwehavetoconsiderheretodaywhiletimeremains,isthepermanentpreventionofwarandtheestablishmentofconditionsoffreedomanddemocracyasrapidlyaspossibleinallcountries.Ourdifficultiesanddangerswillnotberemovedbyclosingoureyestothem.Theywillnotberemovedbymerewaitingtoseewhathappens;norwilltheyberemovedbyapolicyofappeasement.,.,Whatisneededisasettlement,andthelongerthisisdelayed,themoredifficultitwillbeandthegreaterourdangerswillbecome.Thereneverwasawarinhistoryeasiertopreventbytimelyactionthantheonewhichhasjustdesolatedsuchgreatareasoftheglobe.Itcouldhavebeenprevented,inmybelief,withoutthefiringofasingleshot,andGermanymightbepowerful,prosperousandhonoredtoday;butnoonewouldlistenandonebyonewewereallsuckedintotheawfulwhirlpool.,.,Wemustnotletithappenagain.Thiscanonlybeachievedbyreachingnow,in1946,agoodunderstandingonallpointswithRussiaunderthegeneralauthorityoftheUnitedNationsOrganizationandbythemaintenanceofthatgoodunderstandingthroughmanypeacefulyears,bythewholestrengthoftheEnglish-speakingworldandallitsconnections.,.,PrimePrimeagain,In1951,ChurchillsucceededinGeneralelection,andhebecamethePrimeMinisteruntilheretiredin1955.,.,Chartwell(查特韦庄园),Afterretirement,ChurchilllivedChartwell,whichheboughtin1922.Atthere,hefinishedtheSecondWorldWar,aHistoryoftheEnglish-speakingPeoples,andtheWorldCrisis.,.,Aststefuneral(国葬),Churchilldiedon24J