专业英语2014年

1,Dr.RongWen-ShengD.D.S.,MPhil.,Ph.D.SchoolandHospitalofStomatology,PekingUniversity,Introduction,2,Outlineofthecourse,4hoursUnitSeventeenTheglobalburdenoforaldiseasesandriskstooralhealthTheGlobalIncreaseinDentalCaries-APendingPublicHealthCrisis,3,OralDiseasePreventionIsBetterThanCure,UnitSeventeen,4,April7thofeachyear!,WorldHealthDayof1994,OralHealthforaHealthyLife,5,6,Gums牙龈chewinggumGingiva(gingivae)牙龈（复数）Gingival牙龈的Gingivitis牙龈炎,UnitSeventeen,7,Calculus石，积石，结石Calculi结石，微积分urinarycalculus尿结石Tartar牙石，牙垢，酒石serumtartar龈下石Subgingivalcalculus,UnitSeventeen,8,Fooddebrisdebri:食物残渣DebrisofMalassez马拉塞氏上皮碎屑,UnitSeventeen,9,Dentalplaque牙菌斑Bacterialplaque(biofilm)Bloodplaque血小板,UnitSeventeen,10,Contrast/compareContrast:comparesothatdifferencesaremadeclear.比较，对比，对照Compare:examine,judgetowhatextentpersonsorthingsaresimilarornotsimilar.比较（研究、评判）人与人或事与事间相同或相异的程度,UnitSeventeen,11,Index,indices,indexes指数，索引indextooth指数牙Indicator指标Caries:DMFT,dmft;PrevalencePeriodontaldisease:CPI,PLI,GI,UnitSeventeen,12,UnitSeventeen,Keyages,indexagegroups关键年龄组，指数年龄组,13,UnitSeventeen,atage12at12yearsoldat12yearoldsin12-year-oldattheageof12,14,Resultsofthe3rdNationalOralHealthSurvey2005,Theprevalenceofcariesexperiencewas66%in5yearsoldchildrenin2005.Themeandmftscorewas3.5.Theprevalenceofcariesexperiencewas29%in12yearsoldchildrenin2005.ThemeanDMFTscorewas0.5.,15,UnitSeventeen,vary变化variable可变化的变量variability可变性variation变化,16,UnitSeventeen,atregularintervals在一定的时间间隔regularcheck-up定期检查confidenceinterval(CI)可信区间,17,UnitSeventeen,Simplifiedoralhealthsurvey简化口腔健康调查方法,18,Data(datum)资料，材料，论据，数据processdata分理数据（对数据做迅速的检查和分析）,UnitSeventeen,19,UnitSeventeen,WHO：WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织WHO-OHU:WHOOralHealthUnit世界卫生组织口腔卫生处FDI：InternationalDentalFederation国际牙科联盟WorldDentalFederation世界牙科联盟GODB:GlobalOralDataBank全球口腔数据库,20,Epidemiologicalsurvey流行病学调查epidemiology流行病学experimentalEpidemiologist流行病学家Epidemic(prevalent)流行病，流行性的Epidemicity流行性,UnitSeventeen,21,22,23,WorldOralHealthReport2003,24,Weightedforpopulation加权人口,UnitSeventeen,25,UnitSeventeen,graph坐标图，图表，曲线图figure图形，图表table表格,26,27,PDFWorldtrendofcariesof1998,28,UnitSeventeen,Thetrendinthemeansince1980justifiesmeasuredoptimismforthenext10years,althoughthesituationisstilldelicateinasmuchasasmallincreaseinveryhighlypopulatedcountriesisallthatisneededtotakethemeanabove3.,29,Fluoridetoothpastes含氟牙膏Toothpowder牙粉Dentifrice牙膏，牙粉Fluoridation氟化water,salt,milk,UnitSeventeen,30,Primaryhealthcare基本（初级）卫生保健Primaryoralhealthcare基本（初级）口腔卫生保健Primaryoralhealthcareforall人人享有基本口腔卫生保健,UnitSeventeen,31,UnitSeventeen,Nationalhealthbudget国家健康预算,32,UnitSeventeen,Priorityto优先Prioritytoprevention优先预防，以预防为重点,33,UnitSeventeen,CPITN:CommunityPeriodontalIndexofTreatmentNeeds（CPI）社区牙周治疗需要指数,34,35,UnitSeventeen,Inflammation：inflamedcondition(espofsomepartofthebody)炎症Infection:infectingorbeinginfected;communicationofdisease,espbyagencyoftheatmosphereorwater传染，感染Contagion:thespreadingofdiseasethatcanbecontactorcloseassociation（疾病的接触）传染；diseasethatcanbespreadbycontact传染病；influence传播，传布,36,Ligament:bandoftough,strongtissuesthatholdstwoormorebonestogetherinthebody.（连接体内骨骼之）韧带,UnitSeventeen,37,UnitSeventeen,Sextant:part牙周区段171413232427474443333437,38,CPITNprobe,ModifiedCPIProbeAspeciallydesignedlightweightCPIprobewitha0.5-mmballtipisused,withablackbandbetween3.5and5.5mmandbetween8.5and11.5mmfromtheballtip.,40,Distributionofsomedisease分布Frequency频数Severity严重程度,UnitSeventeen,41,UnitSeventeen,Etiologicalprocess病因过程Etiology：studythecausesofdisease病因学,病原学,42,UnitSeventeen,ThesevereformsofperiodontaldiseaseTheinitialformsofperiodontaldisease,43,UnitSeventeen,Theriskgroups危险人群Thehighriskgroups高危人群,44,Nopopulationisfreefromoraldiseasessuchascariesandperiodontaldiseases,whichareamongtheworldsmostwidespread.Themethodsandtechniquesofpreventionarewideknown:hygiene,optimaluseoffluorides,nutritionaladvice.Whereverthesemethodsarepracticed,successisguaranteed.Whethercariesorperiodontaldiseaseistheproblem,regularbrushingorcleaningoftheteethisthefirstrequirementforgoodoralhealth.,Pointstoremember,45,Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepaper,UnitSeventeen,46,Whatisthedefinitionof“periodontaldisease”?,UnitSeventeen,47,2.Whenyouwanttodonationalepidemiologysurvey,whatkindsofindexes(indices),doyouwanttouse?(dentalcaries,periodontaldisease),UnitSeventeen,48,3.Whichagegroupsdoyouwanttoselectforcaries?,UnitSeventeen,49,5.WHOsworldwideobjectiveforcariesis:,UnitSeventeen,50,8.Fromthedentallevelmapof1969,whatcanbeconcluded?,UnitSeventeen,51,52,9.Fromthegraph,canyoutellmethetrendofcariesinthewould?,UnitSeventeen,53,54,47.4%,55,81.4%,56,10.Duringthelast20years,whythecariesprevalencedropsomuchinindustrializedcountries?,UnitSeventeen,57,14.Whatisthestatusofthedataonperiodontaldiseasebytheendof1960sandwhy?,UnitSeventeen,58,15.WhatisCPITN?,UnitSeventeen,59,16.WhichclinicalsignsareincludedinCPITN?,UnitSeventeen,60,17.DoyouneedspecialinstrumentforCPITNexamination?Whatkindoftheinstrument?,UnitSeventeen,61,18.WhatshouldyoudofortheCPITNexamination?,UnitSeventeen,62,6parts/sextantsindexteeth6pointsofea