形容词和副词.docx

形容词和副词 -By Zhang 1. 形容词的用法 (1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语） The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film. (3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can take any box away, big or small. (4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.2. 副词的用法(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）Life here is full of joy. （作定语） When will you be back? （作表语） 副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：1)时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing.2)地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here.3)方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast.4)程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you.5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Where were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(2)副词在句中的位置1)多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well.2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.3)程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough.4)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(3)部分常用副词的用法1) very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girlIm feeling much better now.Much可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much.2) too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either.3) already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet.4) so, neitherso和neither都可用于倒装句， 但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。 Our teacher is taller than we are. The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 极,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 (3) The+形容词比较级., the+形容词比较级.表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.练习：一. 单项填空1There are many young trees on sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.A. more B. a little C. many D. few4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. better D. best5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little8The box is heavy for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too11. Jone looks so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as possible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less20. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. My purse was stolen on the bus yesterday. _ (Fortunate), there was no money in it.2. Mobile phones are _ (wide) used in most of the cities in China.3. He put on his coat and went out _ (quick).4. She is _ (good) than Li Ping at swimming.5. A lot Chinese people are _ (pride) of Yao Ming, a famous basketball star in NBA.6. To our surprise, he suddenly returned on a cold _ (snow) night.7. Allie asked me _ (polite) to put the things away.8. Its snowing hard. You must drive _(careful).9. The earth we live on is _ (big) than the moon.10. Hainan is a very large island. Its the second _ (large) island in China.三. 用适当的形容词或副词填空(首字母已给出)1. A large number of mouths must be fed in those less d_ countries.2. That evening Beethoven played the music for the girl as well as u_.3. Hawaii is f_ its beautiful beaches.4. He often takes an a_ part in the sports meeting and he can get very good results each time.5. The performance was so w_ that everyone gave a long and loud applause(鼓掌).6. Jiefang Road is the b_ street in our city.7. She lay a_ for hours thinking over her business.8. I like ball games very much, but my f_ sport is playing basketball.9. The boy is too l_ . He doesnt want to do anything.10. The dictionary is very u_ . It will help you a lot.【练习答案】一. 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B二. 1. Fortunately 2. widely 3.quickly 4. better 5. proud 6. snowy 7. politely 8. carefully 9. bigger 10. largest三. 1. developed 2. usual 3. famous 4. active 5. wonderful 6. busiest 7. awake 8. favourite 9. lazy 10. useful完形填空练习完形填空练习： （A） Mothers Day is a 1 for mothers. It is celebrated in the United States, England, India and 2 countries. In a short time, it becomes widely celebrated. Mothers Day 3 on the second Sunday in May. On that day, many people 4 gifts of love to their mothers. In China, people do the same on the day for mothers. And, in some cities, people sometimes ask 5 to be broadcast（广播）on the radio for his or her mother only. 6 might cost a little money, 7 ,as it is said,“ 8 is invaluable（无价的）.” On May 8,1999, just the day before the Mothers Day that year, a Chinese 9 was killed in a criminal bombing（罪恶轰炸）in Yugoslavia（南斯拉夫）.Her name is Shao Yunhuan, a 10,who wrote lots of articles（文章） for Chinese newspapers. All the Chinese will remember her for ever. （ ） 1.A.day B. holiday C. weekend D. thank （ ） 2.A.the other B. any other C. some other D. another （ ） 3.A.lasts B. holds C. makes D. falls （ ） 4.A.put B. send C. write D. post （ ） 5.A.a present B. a song C. some flowers D. some clothes （ ） 6.A.This B. These C. She D. They （ ） 7.A.but B. though C. then D. so （ ） 8.A.Monday B. Time C. Love D. Hate （ ） 9.A.boy B. girl C. father D. mother （ ） 10.A.worker B. reporter C. doctor D. teacher （A） BCDBB，AACDB （B） We live in the “computer age”. Just 41 years 11，computers couldnt do much. They were very big and expensive. They used a lot of energy（能量）.Only 12 people were interested 13 them. Today computers are smaller and cheaper. They can do 14_ difficult work. Computers become important 15 many reasons（原因）.They work faster than man and make few mistakes. They can “remember” much information. A computer can do millions of problems 16 a few seconds. A person might 17 years to work out so many problems. People now use computers in nearly every kind of work. Computers are very useful and the use of computers 18 growing. More computers mean more jobs for people, because people 19 to run and mend them. Would you like to learn 20 to run a computer? （ ） 11. A. early B. ago C. late D. after （ ） 12. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little （ ） 13. A. in B. with C. on D. by （ ） 14. A. and B. so C. but D. or （ ） 15. A. in B. by C. for D. on （ ） 16. A. with B. on C. at D. in （ ） 17. A. need B. get C. want D. make （ ） 18. A. are B. is C. has D. have （ ） 19. A. may B. must C. should D. need （ ） 20. A. why B. what C. how D. when （B） BCABC，DABDC （C） Market is a place we get food from. My 21 goes there every day. Two or three 22 ago, I went with her to a 23 near our home. When we went inside, I saw the ground was 24 and a lot of people were doing 25 there. It was very noisy because so many people were speaking 26 . The sellers and the people were very 27.There were many vegetables, fishes, and a lot of meat there. My mother 28 to buy some of them, but there were too many people. We had to wait for some time 29 we bought all the food we needed. Now everything in the market is much 30 than before. （ ） 21. A. father B. mother C. sister D. friend （ ） 22. A. days B. hours C. years D. times （ ） 23. A. market B. shop C. place D. cinema （ ） 24. A. clean B. empty C. full D. wet （ ） 25. A. cooking B. shopping C. reading D. washing （ ） 26. A. at the same time B. all the same C. all the day D. at times （ ） 27. A. happy B. strange C. busy D. sorry （ ） 28. A. asked B. tried C. liked D. helped （ ） 29. A. after B. soon C. if D. until （ ） 30. A. bigger B. higher C. better D. finer （C） BCADB，ACBDC （D） Vitamins（维生素）are a discovery of this century. A hundred years 31 , no one knew anything 32 them. The vitamins are 33 by letters of alphabet. Vitamin A 34 by the eyes. There is Vitamin A in milk, butter and green vegetables. It 35 by the body. Vitamin B must be supplied（提供）36 by some of our food. The skins 37 grains of all sorts have Vitamin B in them.Vitamin C is very important 38 the body. Without it 39 teeth will become loose and their arms and legs become weak. Oranges and tomatoes 40 Vitamin C in them. There are other vitamins. But these A,B,C are the most important. （ ） 31. A. before B. front C. ago D. ahead （ ） 32. A. about B. of C. in D. for （ ） 33. A. naming B. named C. is named D. names （ ） 34. A. needs B. need C. is needed D. was needed （ ） 35. A. stores B. be stored C. can store D. can be stored （ ） 36. A. times B. in not time C. all the time D. any times （ ） 37. A. of B. to C. on D. in （ ） 38. A. for B. at C. with D. to （ ） 39. A. people B. peoples C. peoples D. peoples （ ） 40. A. has B. have C. there is D. there are （D） CABCD，CADCB Reading ComprehensionPassage 1 One day an ant was drinking at a small stream and fell in. She made desperate efforts to reach the side, but made no progress at all. The poor ant almost exhausted was still bravely doing her best when a dove saw her. Moved with pity, the bird threw her a blade of grass, which supported her like a raft, and thus the ant reached the bank again. While she was resting and drying herself in the grass, she heard a man come near. He was walking along barefooted with a gun in his hand. As soon as he saw the dove, he wished to kill it. He would certainly have done so, but the ant bit him in the foot just as he raised his gun to fire. He stopped to see what had bitten him, and the dove immediately flew away. It was an animal much weaker and smaller than herself that had saved her life.（163w）1. The ant could not reach the side though _. A. she cried for help B. she asked the dove to save her C. she tried very hard D. she could smell well2. The dove saved the ant because _. A. she was the ants friend B. she took pity on the poor ant C. the ant was almost exhausted D. the ant had been struggled in the water for a long time3. The ant succeeded in getting on the bank with the help of _. A. a leaf B. a piece of wood C. a blade of grass D. a raft4. Just as the man shot at the dove, _. A. the dove immediately flew away B. the dove hid himself in the grass C. the ant told the dove to leave at once D. he felt something biting him in the foot5. In writing the story, the writer wants to show _. A. how clever the ant was B. how kind the dove was C. how the ant and the dove helped each other D. we often need help from others, therefore we should help others as much as we can词汇扩展1. desperate adj. 拼死的 They made desperate efforts to reach the shore. 他们拼命努力要到达岸上.2. exhausted adj. 精疲力竭的All three men were hot, dirty, and exhausted. 三个人都是又热、又脏且精疲力竭。 3. dove n. 鸽子The dove is an emblem of peace. 鸽子是和平的象征。4. blade n. 叶片a blade of grass 一片草叶5. fall into sthaccidentally; drop into 掉入；跌入The child was near the river and I was afraid he would fall in孩子在河边，我怕他会掉进河里。He plunged into the lake to rescue the child whod fallen in他跳进湖去救那个落水的孩子。The answer: CBCDDPassage 2Johnny Smith was a good math student at a high school. He loved his computer. He came home early every day, then he worked with it till midnight. But Johnny was not a good English student, not good at all. He got an F in his English class. One day after school Johnny joined his computer to the computer in his high school office. The school office computer had the grades of all the students: the math grades, the science grades, the grades in arts and music, and the grades in English. He found his English grade. An F! Johnny changed his English grade from an F to A. Johnny parents looked at his report card. They were very happy. An A in English! said Johnnys Dad. Youre a very clever boy, Johnny. Johnny is a hacker. Hackers know how to take information from other computers and put new information in. Using a modem, they join their computers to other computers secretly. School headmasters and teachers are worried about hackers. So are the police, for some people even take money from bank computer account and put it into their own ones. And they never have to leave home to do it! They are called hackers.（210w） 1. Johnny changed his English grade with the computer in _.A. the classroom B. the school office C. a bank near his house D. his own house2. When Johnnys parents saw the report, they were happy because _.A. Johnny was good at math B. Johnny loved computersC. Johnny could join one computer to another D. they thought Johnny was not poor in English any longer3. Who are worried about hackers in the story?A. Johnnys parents. B. School headmasters, teachers and the police.C. The police. D. School headmasters and teachers.4. What should the hackers know well, do you think, after you read this story?A. Information. B. Back computer accounts. C. Computers. D. Grades.5. The last paragraph is about _.A. Johnny B. computers C. hackers D. modem词汇扩展 hacker n. 黑客 The police arrested the two hackers. 警察就逮捕了这两名黑客。 information n. 信息For further information please write to. 欲知详情, 请写信致. modem n. 调制解调器, 允许通过电话线从一台电脑到另一台的资料传送装置 (计算机用语)（计算机系统与例如电话线的联接装置, 可使资料高速传至另一计算机）. secretly adv. 秘密地 He put the money in his schoolbag secretly.他悄悄地把钱放在书包里。 account n. 账户I have 200 in my acc