动名词做主语和宾语.ppt

动名词作主语和宾语,Grammar,v-ing,一动名词,Grammar,动词的-ing,现在分词动名词,在句中可以做：主语，表语，宾语，补语，定语和状语,千万要注意V-ing形式的规则哟！,不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，可以有自己的宾语和状语。还有时态和语态的变化。,一：简介v+ing,时态和语态,功能及用法(作主语),1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。_isveryimportantforme2)说比做容易。_iseasierthandoing.,Learningnewwords,Talking,3)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_withShylock,Itisuselesstryingtoargue,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；nouse，awasteof等。如：,动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。,1作主语.动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：,1)这种事开不得玩笑。Hereis_aboutsuchmatter.2)无法知道他什么时候离开。Therewas_whenhewouldleave.,功能及用法(作主语),nojoking,noknowing,在therebe结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“Itisimpossibletodo”如,Thereisnodoing：,我们不知道要去哪儿。Therewasnoknowingwherewewouldgo.做这件傻事毫无意义。_,注意：Thereisnoneedtodosth干没必要，在此句式中todo不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。_,而在Itsimportant/Itsnecessary/Itsadvisable/Itsessential/Itsfitting这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：Itsimportanttolearnforeignlanguages.Itsquitenecessarytoreaditmanytimes.,Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.,Thereisnoneedtotellher.,二、功能及用法(作主语),用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+awasteoftimedoing做是浪费时间的Itis/wasnogood/usedoing做是没用处的Itisuseless/nouse做是没用处的Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing做是值得的Thereisnodoing无法，不允许Thereisnosense/nopointindoing做没有道理/意义,提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。动名词复合结构1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。Mysistersbeingillmadeusworried=Thatmysisterwasillmadeusworried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。Yourbeingrightdoesntnecessarilymean_.,mybeingwrong,二、功能及用法(作主语),V-ing做主语,_(play)withfireisdangerous.Becareful!_(play)withfirewillbedangerous.,todoorv-ing?,Playing,Toplay,_(swim)isgoodforourhealth._(swim)inthisriverisnotallowed,Swimming,Toswim,表示一般或抽象的多次行为,具体的或一次性的动作,功能及用法(用作宾语),lookingfor,Icantavoid_,Haveyouconsidered_onespecialfriend?,1)我不能不去。,2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?,(一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannotstand等。如：,(一)有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,going,三。动名词作宾语,有三种情况。,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:,考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想，避免错过继续练，否认完成停能赏，不禁介意准逃亡，不准冒险凭想象。,consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecanthelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine,动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelpforget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）,Iforgot_toher.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）Iforgot_heraboutit.我忘了要告诉。）Iremember_yousomewhereinbiejing.（see）Remember_metonight.(call)Heregretted_intheexam.(cheat)Iregret_thatwecantstayhereanylonger(say),writing,totell,seeing,tocall,cheating,tosay,1.Hestopped_andhavearest.(smoke)2.Hereallymuststop_3.Ioncetried_French(learn)4.Letstry_atthebackdoor.(knock)5.Ididnttomean_yourfeeling.(hurt)6.Thiswordmeans_outatonce.(set)7.Icanthelp_theroom.forIamtoobusy(clean)8.Afterhearingthejoke,wecanthelp_(laugh)9.Waterisuesedto_flowers(water)10.Iamusedto_early.(get)11.Thoughitrained,theywenton_.(work)12.WehavefinishedPart1.Letsgoon_P2(Learn),tosmoke,smoking,tolearn,knocking,tohurt,setting,toclean,laughing,water,gettingup,working,tolearn,(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,startcontinue等，用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大,1.Istarted_(work)heretwoyearsago.2.Iintended_apoeminEnglish.(write)3.Theyprefer_(spend)theirsummervacationinthecountry.,2.need/want/require/deservedoingsth.=need/want/require/deservetobedone.,4.Weneed_friends(have)5.Myhairneeds_(cut)6.Myhairneeds_.,tohave,cutting.,tobecut,【考例】,WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset？_hernewbicycle（1997上海高考题）A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing,解析：losinghernewbicycle是句子的主语，谓语madehersoupset被省略，losing在此表示具体的动作。,【考例】,Icantimagine_thatwiththem（MET1986）A.doB.todoC.beingdoneD.doing,Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden（1995上海高考题）A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin,解析：考查短语动词lookforwardto后跟动名词作宾语的用法。,1.在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：WedontallowsmokinghereWedontallowanybodytosmokehere,2.动词need,require,want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：Thewindowneedsrequireswantscleaningtobecleaned,3.在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。,4.动词forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,beusedto,canthelp后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget,regret,remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,【考例】,LetshavearestNotnowIdontwanttostop_yet（MET1985）A.studyB.tostudyC.forstudyingD.studying,解析：stopstudying意为“停止学习”。,LetmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalistsDontyouremember_methestoryyesterday？（1999上海高考题）A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold,解析:remembertellingme意为“记得曾经告诉过我”。,1.Wearebothlookingforwardto_nextweek.A.goingonvocation(休假)B.goonvocationC.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocation,2.Youmustpayattentionto_theworksofLuXun.A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread3.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof_TV.A.towatchB.youwatchingC.youwatchD.watching,4.Themicroscopeisusedfor_minute(微小的)objects.A.examiningB.beingexaminedC.examinedD.examine5.Mikehasgotused_uplateatnight.(stayup)A.tositB.XC.tosittingD.sitting,6.Oncetheheartstops_,deathfollowsatonce.A.beatingB.tobeatC.beingbeatenD.tobebeating7.Wearenowbusy_fortheexamination.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.beingprepared,8.Iremembered_thispersonsomewherebefore.A.seeingB.havingbeenseenC.seenD.tosee9.Iregret_thattoher.A.havingsaidB.tohavesaidC.tosayD.X,10.Thepatientmustbeseparatedtoavoid(避免)_others.A.beinginfected(感染)B.infectingC.toinfectD.infected11.Yourclothesneed_.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashed,12._providesuswithessentialnutrients(营养),while_providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed,13.Heattendedthepartywithout_.A.invitedB.invitingC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited14.By_,