形容词用法.doc

形（1）性质形 说明事物的性质或特征的形容词。 （2）叙述形 只能做表语，又叫表语形容词。一、（1）有级的变化，可用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语，表语和补语，这类形容词是大多数是hot ，happy ，beautiful。1.2.The girl is beautiful。（表）3.Well try our best to make our school beautiful.(宾补)二、（2）没有级的变化也不可用程度副词修饰，大多数以a开头的adj.属这一类。afraid害怕 alone单独的 asleep睡着的 alive活着的 awake醒着的 worth 值得的 ill病的She is ill。 ill 坏有比较级The boy is afraid of his father。The ill（只表） man was afraid of death。（误）（定语）The sick man was afraid of death。（正）三、还有一类形容词表说明事物之间的关系或事物的用途、时间、方位的，这类形容词没有级的变化，也不能用程度副词修饰。Chinese中国的 eastern东方的 permanent永久的形容词1、 as+原级+as 和相同2、 比较级+than 比较为3、 The+最高级+of/（in） 在中最为一、 原级My uncle is as tall as your father。My uncle is not as （=so）tall as your father。Is my uncle as tall as your father？1、 句型 A+动词+as+形原+as B（A和B比较程度相同）Tom is as honest as John Her skin is as white as snow。My dog is as old as that one。This jacket is as cheap as that one 。 （为了避免重复，我们常用that ，those和one一类词代替as后重复前面的名词）2、否定句A+not+as+形原+as B =A+not+so+形原+as B（表示两者程度不同，即A不如B那么）He is not as（so）tall as I。他不如我高。The weather in Beijing is not as（so）hot as the weather in Wuhan。These are not as（so）many books in our library as in your library。3、疑问句式Be动词+A+as+形原+as BIs there as busy as before？Is there as much water in this glass as in that one？这个杯子里的水和那杯子里的一样多吗？二、需要注意的原级用法3比较级A+动词+than+B表两人或两物比较 说“A 比B更”要用一个连词than引导的从句Mary is happier than Jane。His brother is younger than I （me）。 than 后面接代词一般用主格，但在口语中也可用宾格。Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan。You look younger today （省略了than before）You look younger today than you looked young before。Are you feeling better？ than 是一个连词，他连接的一个状语从句来表示和什么相比，因此一般译为“比”通常为避免重复，从句中有些成分可省略，而把相比的部分突出出来，有时如比较对象显而易见时，经常将than从句省略 表两者比较He is stronger thanI。有这类比较级句型中，注意所比对象要相称，即物与物、人与人、地点与地点比，而且结构要对称It is hotter in Shanghai than Beijing。误It is hotter in Shanghai than in Beijing。正表二者选择 只能用or不能用and Who（Which） 形容词的比较级，A or B？比较A和B问“哪一个较“时，Which is +比较 ,A or B? 如果人与人相比时，用who代替whichWho is taller， Kate or Jane？Which is more delicious， fish or chicken？Which one is more popular， the radio or the movie？The movie is 。Who is hapier，you or your father？I am。（My father is）4、需注意的比较级用法Your mom is much larger than mine。Your room is three times larger （大三倍）than mine。He is taller than any other boy in his class。 在形比前可用much ，even ，still ，a little， far等+比较级表强调程度，表“的多”“甚至”“更些”“比得多”Our day is much more beautiful than yoursThis is even harder than steal。（甚至于）He is even slower than before。更Japan is a little larger than Germany。大一点Harbin becomes much more beautiful than before 。Lucy is ten minutes older than Lily。 Im two years older than you（大三岁）表大几岁，高几厘米要用“表数量的词+比较级”She is a head taller than I（me）。older意为较老，较旧，年龄较大，oldest意为最老，最旧，年龄最大。elder 意为较年长eldest 意为最年长，elder ，eldest 一般作定语，不用于比较级My school is older than yours。（古老）She is the oldest of the three。（年龄最大）My elder sister is a teacher。我姐Is your eldest son a policeman？你大儿子是？ 在英语中有些形容词无比较级如right,wrong 表倍数times+形比+thanOur room is twice larger than theirs。我们的房间比他们的大二倍。The Yangzi River is ten times longer than the river in your city。长江比你们城市的河长十倍。 比较级+than any other +单数名词表“比其他的任何都”这个句型是用比较级形式表达最高级的意思。He is the better of the two。他是这两个人中比较好的。学习比较级须知（一）表示两者之间的比较， 相比较的应是同类事物，不同类事物不能比较。 My book is thicker than you。 My book is thicker than yours（your book）。（二）形（副）的比较级前可用much，even ，a little，a bit，a lot等这一类的词式短语修饰，是预期加强，但（very，quite等词来修饰（very修形、副原级，much修形、副比较级very，much修饰动词）An elephant is very stronger than a horse。 An elephant is much stronger than a horse。（三）有些名词是固定说法，如“大象”、“小鸡”等。名词前并无形容大小的词来修饰，更无比较级形式。在表达到，切忌要“分类化人”He came to school earlier today。这种省略了被比较对象的以用法区别开来There are a few smaller chickens in her house。There are a few chickens in her house。（四）在同类事物之间进行比较时，要注意比较项自身的排斥一、即不能自身与自身相比。要避免这中排斥。第二、比较项就要用“any of the other +复数名数名词（或other +单可），也可用“any other+单可”，若是复合不定代词anything，anyone，也可在其后家加elseChina is larger than any country in Asia。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia。China is larger than any other country in Asia。（五）单音节和少数双音节形容词通过某种构词方式。（如后缀ly）构成副词时，其比较级和最高级形式不加+er-est而是在其首加more或most。（friendfriendly）Peter runs slowier than I。Peter runs more slowly than I。（六）当形容词最高级作表语，且又被比对象式形最高级被动名词所有格式物主代词所修饰时，其前不加theThe peasants are the busiest in Autumn。 The peasants are busiest in Autumn。（七）用介词断语比较级式最高级比较范围时，若介后的名（代）多句中主语同一类属，切把主语包括在其中时介用of，若只说明是某一时间，空间范围比较介一般用in（of后跟集体名词，in后跟个体名词）He is the cleverest than our three。He is the cleverest of our three。The flower is the most beautiful of the school The flower is the most beautiful in the school（八）当比较级的双方只有一方出现（无than及其后部分）用of短语表比较范围时，比较级前须加theKate sings better of the two girls Kate sings the better of the two girlsasas之间须接形/副原级，作标语时应用形原级，作状语时，应用副词原级。He drives a car as careful as her father。（实意动词） She drives a car as carefully as her father。（十）than ，asas不应看作介词，应看作从属连词，表连接。比较状语从句（常为省略句）所以其后的部分若做主语，从句代词用主格，作宾语则用宾语Mary sings as well as her。Mary sings as well as she （does） She gave more milk than he？She gave me more milk than（she gone）him。形容词比较级前的程度状语（一） 比较级前用much ，far，a lot， a great deal等词或词组表两者之间相差程度很大译“得多”1、 An elephant is much bigger than a sheep。2、 This picture is far better than that one。3、 This village is a great deal richer（富人） than that one。（二） 比较级前用a little ,a bit等表两者之间相差距离不大译“一点”“稍微”1、 This story is a little more interesting than that one。2、 Our school is a bit smaller than theirs。3、 Shes a little bit taller than I。（三） 比较级前用表被比者已经怎样，相比者还要更怎样，汉语可译成“甚至”“更”“还要”1、 This radio is even more expensive than that one。2、 A train is still faster than a truck（卡车）。3、 That work is so easy。This work is yet easier。（四） 形比较级前用具体数量词表两者相差具体程度最高级Spring is the best season of the year。She is the youngest in the class。1、 A+动+形高+of（in）e.g.Tom is the happiest of us all。This park is the most beautiful of the three。of 与in区别of +复 表在之中的，在中in在范围、场所 在之中 在之内 of the four 在四个之中 in the house 在家中of all （people）在所有的人之中 in China 在中国of all the boy在所有的男孩中 in the world 在世界上of us在我们之中 in our school 在我们学校of all things在所有的事情当中 in my family在我们家要注意的最高级e.g.：America is one of the most important countries for China。对中国而言。My father is the tallest in my family1、 one of +the +最高级 是最之一者e.g.：Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China。Our city is one of the safest cities in the world。One of the most important languages is English。最重要的语言之一是英语。2、 most +复n.most of the +复n./most of +大多数， 大部分Most people like apples 。Most of the boys are good。Most of （his books）them were here。Most of （his books）them are new3最高级用法她是他们最好的学生最高级She is the best in her class。比较级She is better than any other student in her class。 No other student in her class is better than she原级No other student in her class is as good as she。表三者或三者以上的人或物比较时，用形高。最高级之前要加定冠词the。最高级要用of或in的介词短语来说明范围。in+集体名词 of（ 或among）+个体名词的复数in 表范围 of表同类Li Ying is the oldest of the five。He is the oldest in his class。表多项比较的最高级句型Who（which）is the+形高， A，B，or C？Who is the tallest ， Jim，Peter or Tom？Which is the biggest ， the sun， the moon or the earth？Which is the biggest of the five apples？The first one。Which is the heaviest ，the horse，the sheep or the elephant？The elephant（is）。 比较级还可用在其他短语，搭配和句型中no longer（不再） no more（不再） had better（最好） Itbest（最好）Which do you like best， A ，B or C？ 在比较级中连词than后可用代宾代替代主，特别是在 I am earlier than him。在句中为避免重复，可用替代词one