施心远主编听力教程4_第2Unit12-15答案.doc

Unit 12Section I1. 急救是一种在专业医疗救护到达之前对意外伤害或事故的受害者所进行的医疗救护。2. 知道如何在紧急情况下进行急救，可能就意味着一个人的生死。3. 一种称为心肺复苏的急救方法，简称CPR，可以挽救心脏病、溺水和休克病人的生命。4. 在美国，CPR训练包括使用防护布或面罩覆盖嘴巴。5. 这有助于防止在做口对口复苏急救时传播疾病。Section IIDialogue DABCDCDDPassage 1. Life expectancy at birth in the United States in 1901 was 49 years while at the end of the century it increased to 77 years.2. Psychologists found that people who entertained positive thoughts regarding themselves and their future health lived seven years longer than those with negative attitudes.3. We tend to regard medical disorders as the cause of poor health or shortened lifespan, but, really, their significance is small when compared to the impact of the psychological factors on health.4. Exercise, weight loss or non-smoking can increase the lifespan. Another avenue to rejuvenation is through creativity.5. The US Census Bureau predicted that the USA would eventually have 5.3 million people aged over 100 in 2100.FTTTTTFTEx.21 It increased from 49 in the year 1901 to 77 at the end of the century, an increase of 57%.2 In human history, preventing early deaths is the main cause of the increase in life expectancy.3 We get older because of three things: aging of arteries, dysfunction of the immune system, and accidents and environmental hazards.4 He/she could potentially feel as young as a 44-year-old.5 The mainstream view is that life expectancy in the US will be in the mid-80s by the year 2050 (up from 77 today) and will top out eventually in the low 90s.Section IIIItem 1: A. a serious snowstorm that hit New York City, US.96 kilometers an hour/localized drifting/68.3 centimeters/blizzard/18691) The road network in many places is impassable. 2) Most of the airports in the region have been closed, with hundreds of flights cancelled. 3) Passengers on transatlantic flights heading into New York have, in some cases, found themselves diverted to alternative destinations.worked non-stop/keep streets and avenues open/people making their way down Broadway on skisItem 2: A. the evacuation of people living in villages close to Volcano Merapi which is about to erupt.B. TFFTTItem 3:A. the heavy storms and their effects in East Asia.B. landslides/several hundred houses to collapse/the worst flooding/trapped/ missing/landslides and flooding/drowned inside his car/dead in a gutterSection IVPart I: A. Saturday/100/float/tide/senses/effect/aroma/crackling/keep/refuelingB. 1) WaterFire attracts 1 million visitors each year, and brings business to downtown restaurants, hotels and entertainment venues. It brings more than 33 million dollars in business to the city annually.2) It sets a good example to other riverfront cities.Part IIDictation:1. A new study published in the current issue of American Journal of Public Health suggests that mens behavior may be to blame.2. It has been reported that at every age American males have poorer health and a higher risk of mortality than females.3. As if that werent enough, men tend to work in more dangerous settings than women, and thus account for 90% of on-the-job fatalities, mostly in agriculture.4. In low-lying flood zones, men are more likely to drive around barricades and drown in high water.5. These reasons alone would certainly contribute to a shorter life span for men, but the problem may be even more profound.CABDDBADUnit 13Section I6. Avian influenza, or “bird flu”, is a contagious disease of animals caused by viruses that normally infect only birds and, less commonly, pigs.7. While all bird species are thought to be susceptible to infection, domestic poultry flocks are especially vulnerable to infections that can rapidly reach epidemic proportions.8. The current outbreak of bird flu is different from earlier ones in that officials have been unable to contain its spread.9. Rapid elimination of the H5N1 virus among infected birds and other animals is essential to preventing a major outbreak.10. The World Health Organization recommends that infected or exposed flocks of chickens and other birds be killed in order to help prevent further spread of the virus and reduce opportunities for human infection.1. 禽流感是一种由病毒引起的动物接触性传染病，通常只感染禽类，在少数情况下也会感染猪。2. 尽管所有的鸟类都会受感染，但是家禽群体特别容易受感染，而且会迅速造成大规模爆发流行。3. 目前爆发的禽流感与早些时期的禽流感不同，因为官方还无法控制它的传播。4. 迅速杀灭受感染的禽类和其他动物体内的H5N1病毒对预防禽流感的大规模爆发极其重要。5. 世界卫生组织建议捕杀所有受感染和有接触史的鸡群和其他禽类，以防止病毒的进一步传播和减少人类受感染的机会。Section IIDialogue TFTFFTTTFFPassage 6. As the sun climbs to its noonday apex, the bearded man takes off his straw hat, wipes the sweat from his brow, and sits behind a team of mules, plowing the cornfield.7. Soon hell head home to the farmhouse, where his wife has just hung out the weeks wash.8. They will sit down to a simple meal: bread that his daughters have baked, vegetables from the garden, perhaps some freshly made strawberry preserves.9. Gardens are full of ripening fruits and vegetables, ready to be picked and preserved for the winter.10. The magical workshop is a childs wonderland: a miniature wooden table and chair set, doll-sized cradles and slightly bigger ones fro their owners, and mini-farmhouses, complete with wooden animals.FTTTFTTTEx.21. You will see a cheerful Amish girl behind the counter scoop huge helpings of the richest, creamiest ice cream into wafer cones.2. The religious beliefs for which they left their homeland still define their lives, from their name to their language a German dialect, and their old-fashioned ways.3. They consider the modern 21st-century conveniences to be vulgar temptations, and they eschew any permanent physical connection to “the outside world” gas lines, electric wires, telephones, computers and televisions.4. After that, the boys help their fathers on the farm and the girls with their mothers at home.5. Because there are an array of arm-fresh produce and typical Amish food.Section IIIItem 1: B. the serious problem of insufficient health care in developing countries, especially in African countries.C. Statistics: 10%/24%/37%/3%/over 50%/less than 1%Analysis: 1) AIDS/tuberculosis/malaria / childhood vaccination/pregnant women2) more doctors and nurses/higher than in Africa/a brain drain of health professionals3) ethical recruitment policies/international investment/more staff/4 million/ 1.3 billionItem 2: B. the WHO recommendations on the best time to start treatment for HIV.C. 1 Four million people around the world have taken anti-retroviral drugs.2 Five million people who need the drugs have not got them yet.3 HIV patients start taking drugs before their immune systems display symptoms.4 The treatment at the newly recommended level could increase survival by nearly 70%.5 They will significantly reduce the cost to health systems of treating opportunistic infections, greatly improve life expectancy of HIV patients, bring hope to the families and solve the problems of reduced workforce.Item 3:A. Paris traffic chaos caused by one-way traffic system.B. commuters/was blocked/no entry/were bemused/converged/one side roadA decision/solve the problem of heavy traffic through his borough/more vehicles/district/a one-way system/two days/return immediately/traffic disorderSection IVPart I: A. The Art of Choosing/ the impact/ choices/ over 15 years/ thinks about/ practicelove marriage/ balance/ a deep respect/ limitation/ the possibilitiesB American students: independence, possibility, opportunity and dream/ give more weight to what they want for themselves personallyJapanese students: responsibility, burden and anxiety/ place greater emphasis on how their choices will affect othersC 1 Iyengar takes the global financial crisis as an example to support her view.2 The corporations choose to sell home mortgages to people they knew could not afford them, and their customers choose to buy homes in spite of their inability to pay for them.3 The above practice undoubtedly leads to putting short-term self interest ahead of long-term consequences.Part IIDictation:6. Now times are changing and the Inuit, known as Eskimos down south, are adapting to the new living environment.7. Their barren homeland became a Canadian territory, Nunavut, in 1999, and this gave them more say in their affairs.8. To the Inuit, polar bears have special significance. This archetypal symbol of the majesty and threat of the Arctic graces the government logo and license plates of Nunavut.9. They now are a “species of special concern” due to past over-harvesting, which rose with the introduction of snowmobiles, and environmental threats.10. The Nunavut Wildlife Management Board sets a yearly hunting quota. It was 408 for last season, though just 385 bears were killed.Exercise 1: DBACDACBExercise 2:1. Her advice includes: brush the snow off your caribou skin parka quickly; dont push yourself too fast or hard; avoid any kind of moisture, which can be deadly in the Arctic cold; the pack ice must be strong enough out near the water to support dog sleds or snowmobiles; dunking means death for polar bear hunters.2. They generally go out for food at night or daybreak and sleep in the afternoon.3. They have to scan wide expanses of ice for bears or their tracks, and then work in teams to trap them on the ice between the open water and the shore.4. They are now a “species of special concern” because of past over-harvesting, which rose with the introduction of snowmobiles, and environmental threats such as global warming.5. The foreign sport hunters have to pay US$20,000 or more for each polar bear they kill.Unit 14Section I11. 和其他西方国家，如加拿大、德国的政府不同，美国政府不向其公民提供由公共财政支出的医疗保障。12. 公民必须购买健康保险，每年人均花费需要几千美元。13. 如果一个公民没有这种保险的话，那他必须要么支付医疗费用，要么到别的价格低廉、有时是三等医疗机构或县医院就诊。14. 各种州政府援助计划可以涵盖一些急诊或长期治疗的费用。15. 在美国，医疗费用是造成个人破产的最常见的原因。Section IIDialogue 1. emergency rockets/save the lives/20 minutes/fire/unstrap/climb out/lift/get away/top/occupants2 blueness/brilliant white/brick-red/roads/darkness/lights3 medical experiments/taking measurements/color/salt/water/vegetation4 dangerous/launch/physically harder/a thin layer of very hot air/crushing her lungs/four and a half times/breathe/this big bump/hit the ground/parachutes5 plant a tree/launch site/flies/a good 40 feet high/the very end/cosmonauts/watered/soldiersPassage 11. Poverty trends vary significantly from country to country, but one feature is constant: figures for rural poverty are well above the level of average poverty.12. Most of those countries that have failed to embark on an agricultural revolution remain trapped in poverty, hunger and economic stagnation.13. A main reason for the inefficiency of farming in Africa is that the crops grown on the great majority of small farms are not the high yielding varieties in common use on other continents.14. While sustainable rural development is essential to achieve the broader development agenda, the former cannot be realized without adequate community empowerment and participation.15. Consequently, the rural-urban education gap is increasing making the task of sustainable development even more difficult and challenging.CDDABCBASection IIIItem 1: D. the impact of oil price increases on major oil producers and the consumers.E. 1 It has had a spectacular impact on the bottom line at the major oil producers.2 They are Shell, Americas Exxon Mobil and BP.3 Consumers are struggling with near record fuel prices. Predictably this has stoked complaints of profiteering by the oil firms.4 They have talked about tougher rules on company mergers and abuses of market power within the US oil sector.5 They say healthy profits are needed to fund investment in finding and developing new energy sources.6 Because investors werent impressed with Shells record results. They were expecting an even better financial performance.Item 2: D. the pensions crisis facing British firms.E. FFFTFTItem 3:A. the changeover of analogue signal to digital signal in the US.B. 1 They have been bombarded with a series of adverts, warning them that the analogue signal would be switched off on a certain day.2 They are asked to buy set-top converter boxes.3 The US authorities have issued coupons, worth 40 dollars each, to cover most of the cost /have spent 2 billion dollars to support the smooth transition.4 There are 2.2 million households that have made no preparation for the digital changeover.5 They are the elderly and the low income households.Section IVPart 1: A. 1 It is called “eco-school” program.2 The elementary school principal (Oumar Sow) is the director of the program.3 Because the once fertile village is faced with desertification. Rivers are drying up, grazing land for cattle is scarce, and the dry soil is hard to farm.4 They are learning how to identify biodegradable garbage, how to make compost, how to plant the trees and how to water the trees in their schoolyard.5 The “show, dont tell” philosophy/ The hands-on strategy is the key to the programs success.B. FTTFTFPart 2Dictation:11. The multiplicity and contradictory nature of objectives which rural development was expected to achieve often deprived it of a central focus and contributed to its failure.12. Whilst the intent of all rural development effort has always been to benefit the poor, the results have not been very promising.13. Rural people in many countries still do not have access to basic social services such as healthcare, education, water and sanitation.14. Markets remain underdeveloped, and infrastructure development has not kept pace with population growth.15. In general, the overall rural development agenda was affected by two factors: one is that agenda itself was determined by those not living in the rural communities and the other is that national economic development efforts continue to be skewed in favor of urban areas.TFTFTTFTUnit 15Section I16. 欧洲文化也许更应该描述为欧洲一系列相互重叠的文化。17. 欧洲一直是许多后来传播到世界各地的文化创新和文化运动的发祥地。18. 对欧洲文化进行界定的主要问题之一是：欧洲始于何处，又止于何处？19. 绝大多数国家有着共同的历史经历，但其中出现了一些重要的断层。20. 近几十年来，欧盟一直致力于鉴别和支持共同的欧洲价值观，但结果证明这是一个非常有争议的难题。Section IIDialogue Necessity: 1 Natural energy resources are limited. 2 not to rely on importing fuel 3 Nuclear power production is extremely efficient and clean.Safety: 1 all kinds of automatic backup security systems2 Nuclear reactors can automatically shut down in a real emergency.Pollution: 1 investigating suitable sites, where theres clay or chalk, for storing the waste underground2 developing methods of treating waste and sealing it for storage in blocks of glass or rock.3 Nuclear waste does decay and eventually turn into non-radioactive material.Alternative sources of energy:1 Serious consideration has been given to alternative sources of energy.2 continuing research into methods of using alternative energy sources efficiently.3 It doesnt make economic sense to develop systems of this kind at present.Awareness of the risks1 Risks are negligible2 Nuclear power is an efficient source of energy which well be able to rely on for many years.Passage Dictation:1. Organized competitive sports were a social innovation, confined to class and national boundaries, excluding manual workers, women and certain ethnic minorities.2. Essentially, these sports were a private initiative, in no way associated with the state or politics, let alone foreign policy.3. Competitive sports were encouraged by the new international contests, especially the modern Olympic Games inaugurated at Athens in 1896.4. In the second half of the 20th century, a mounting tension developed between amateur-elitist sport for wealthy, privileged males and commercial spectator sport for the mainly middle classes, as well as worker and female sport.5. The employment of sport for prestige abroad and unity at home is present in all nations as is the promotion of a particular sport for encouraging a culture of consent.Ex 1:Chess/bullfighting/cricket and croquet/France/Russia/hunting and bocciaEx 2:1789/the mid-19th century/the critical stage of the Industrial Revolution in the 1870s/ the late 19th century/the communist revolution of 1917/the early 19th century/the 1850s and 1860sEx 3:1. They originated in Europe.2. Organized competitive sports emerged in Europe in the 19th century as the private domain of the new social class born of industrialization and urbanization.3. At the turn of the century, particularly after the 1914-1918 World War, competitive sports started to prevail.4. French sport still bears the imprint of the French Revolution of 1789, the educational philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the noble aspirations of Coubertin.5. Europes over 700 million inhabitants currently reside in over 40 nations.Section IIIItem 1: F. the annulment of an election in Thailand.G. 1 After 5 weeks of political paralysis, Thailand finally has a way out of the stalemate left by last months general election.2 The Constitutional Court has voted to annul Prime Minister Thanksin Shinawatras third election victory.3 The intervention by Thailands revered monarch two weeks ago is most likely to have influenced their verdict.4 Because the opposition parties do not want Mr Thaksin to run again for Prime Minister but he is considered the key vote winner for his party.5 The opposition parties are demanding constitutional reforms to strengthen the checks on the Prime Ministers power.Item 2: F. a Hyundai scandal.G. apologizing/cooperate with the investigation/creation of slush funds/tens of millions of dollars/politicians/ government offic