英语时态、一般时.doc

一般时一般时包括：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、一般过去将来时A 一般现在时主要用动词原形表示。当主语是第三人称单数时，一般要在动词后面加-s或-es用法：1 基本用法：a. 表示现阶段习惯性的动作或存在的状态b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态d. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作e. 在时间、条件和让步状语从句中表示将来的动作2 特殊用法a. 用于新闻标题或图片说明中b. 用于体育运动、表演等实况报道中c. 表示告诫或劝说d. 表示现在瞬间的动作句子：They want good jobs. The coat matches the dress. He always takes a walk after supper. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. This cloth feels soft. The meeting begins at 7:00. If time allows, we shall go there tomorrow. China Declares Manned Spaceflight Successful Now, look, I press the button and turn on the machine. You mind your own business! Here comes the bus.B 一般过去时用动词的过去式来表示用法：1. 基本用法：a. 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态b. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作或状态c. 表示过去发生的一系列动作d. 在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作2. 特殊用法： a. 在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态 b. 在口语中，一般过去时往往表示委婉的语气句子： It rained last night. He suddenly fell ill yesterday. I wrote home once a week at college. She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully. She told me she would not go if it rained the next day. I wish I were twenty years younger. I wondered if you could give me a hand.C. 一般将来时由“will+动词原形”构成用法： 1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态2. 表示将要反复发生的动作3. 表示同意或答应做某事4. 表示一种倾向或推测常用结构：1. 用于“I expect/ Im sure/ I think/ I wonder+宾语从句”中2. 用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”中3. 与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用其他结构：1. be going to+动词原形（常用于口语中）1） 表示决定或打算要做某事2） 表示有迹象将要发生什么事2. be+动词-ing形式（表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive，come，go，leave，move，start，stay，get以及eat，meat，跌，see off等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意）1） 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作2） 用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作3） 表示命令或吩咐等，否定形式常表示“禁止”或“不许”3. 一般现在时表将来1） 表示由于日历或时刻表的规定而固定不变的再将来时间发生的动作2） 在时间状语从句或条件从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态3） 在hope，suppose等后面的宾语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来的动作或状态句子： Ill go and shut the door. I will be free this afternoon. The students will have five English classes per week this term. I wont tell anyone what happened, I promise. Flowers will die without water. I wonder what will happen. Work hard and you will succeed. Ill let you know as soon as he arrives. Im going to buy a new coat this winter. There is going to be a snowstorm. The plane is taking off soon. The highway is to be open to traffic in May. If we are to take the 5:00 train, we must leave now. You are to be back before 10:00pm. Tomorrow is Friday. Ill give the book to you after I finish it. I hope all is well with him.D. （一般）过去将来时由“should/ would+动词原形”构成用法：（出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或存在的状态）1. 过去将来时常用语间接引语中2. 过去将来时可用来表示非真实的动作或状态其他表达法： 1. was / were going to + 动词原形 2. was / were + 动词-ing形式 3. was / were +动词不定式 4. was / were about to do (表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作) 5. was / were on the point of doing句子： He asked me yesterday when I should leave for Paris. They wanted to know how they would finish the homework earlier. He said they would arrange a party. If I had a chance to study abroad, I would study at Cambridge University. He said that he was going to live in the country when he retired. Nobody knew whether the guests were coming. She said she was to clean the classro