《华盛顿·欧文》PPT课件

WashingtonIrving(1783-1859)华盛顿欧文,“RipVanWinkle”（瑞普凡温克尔),PortraitofWashingtonIrving,I.Life,Irvingsbirthplace:NewYorkCityFamilybackground:aratherwealthymerchantfamily.Education:readingwidelyinEnglishliteratureathome;studyinglawbutshowingmoreinterestinliteratureTravelingexperience:inEuropefrom1804-1805SojourninEuropefor17years.,II.LiteraryAchievements,1809:AHistoryofNewYork纽约外史1820:TheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.见闻札记inwhichtwofolktales:“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”(睡谷传奇)standoutasworldclassics.1822:BracebridgeHall布雷斯勃列奇庄园1824:TalesofaTraveller游客谈1835:ATourofthePrairies大草原游记,III.Style,graceful,refined,fluentanddignified优雅流畅Humorous幽默sentimental,romantic浪漫感伤,IV.Positionandcontribution,ThefirstAmericanauthortowininternationalrecognitionThefirstprosestylistofAmericanromanticism.HiswritingmarkedthebeginningofAmericanromanticism.Henotonlyprovidedayoungnationwithhumorous,fictionalaccountsofthecolonialpastbutalsohelpedcreateanAmericanmythologywhichismadeupofstoriesabouttheAmericanpastsowidelyreadastobefamiliartonearlyeveryAmerican.Nowheschieflyrememberedastheauthorof“RipVanWrinkle”and“ThelegendofSleepyHollow”.,V.RipVanWinkle,AdaptedfromaGermanfolktale,putonsomeAmericancolor(setinAmericanhistoryandground,creatingAmericancharacters).ItviewsastrikingcontrastbetweentheindependentUnitedStatesandtheformerBritishcolonyfromtheeyeofanativeinhabitantafterhis20-yearsleep.,PlotSummary,SetintheyearsbeforeandaftertheRevolutionwar,thestory“RipVanWrinkle”relatesthetitularprotagonistssupernaturalsleepof20yearsandhispuzzlementoverthechangeseffectedbytheestablishmentofUSasanewnation.RipVanWrinkle,ahen-packed,good-natured,good-for-nothingman,livesapeacefullifeinthePre-independentAmerica.Inanescapefromhisshrewwife,hemeetssomeghostsinthemountains,drinkstheiralcohol,andfallsintoasleepthatlasts20years.,Whenhewakesup,hefindshimselfinatransformedsociety.Mostpeopleinhisgenerationhavedied,leavinghimnearlyunidentified.TogetherwiththedeathoftheoldergenerationisthedemiseoftraditionandoldlifestylethatWrinklewascomfortablewith.Thepoliticaljargons,thebustlingspiritofthenewnationisincomprehensibletohim.ThroughtheeyesofWrinkle,aroughsketchoftheAmericansocietyafterindependenceisseeninperspective.,Themes,Dealingwithchange,VI.QuestionsforDiscussion,WhatkindofpersonisRipVanWrinkle?Howdoyouunderstandhislaziness?Howabouthiswife?Whatchangesoccurtothevillage?ComparethedifferentsituationsinthevillageforRipVanWinklebeforeandafterhis20-yearsleep.Whatdoesthewriterintendtoconveythroughthesechanges?(orwhatarethethemesofthestory?)Howdoestheauthorcreatehumorinthestory?,Characteranalysis-RipVanWinkle,carefree,happy-go-lucky,takinglifeeasyalazyfarmerwholoathesallprofitablelaborahen-peckedhusband;anirresponsibleheadofhisfamilyagood-natured,well-oiledneighbor,readytohelpothers,Hispre-industrialworkethics:workforfun,workforinterest,worktohelpVSmainstream,commonsenseworkethics:workasameansoflivinginexchangeforprofit(harvest,salary,orbettermentofeconomicconditions)出于爱好，悦己利他VS谋生手段，换取利益Amanwhobelongstothepre-industrialpast,whoisamisfitinthechangedsociety.,CharacteranalysisDameVanWrinkle,Ashrew,termagantwife,hard-working,responsible,woman.Sheisjusttheveryoppositeofherhusbandprofit-driven,coldtosocialrelationship,ShestandsforthemainstreamcommonsensicalworkethicsofthenewAmericaworkforprofit,workforsuccess.TheyrepresenttwotypesofAmericans.Onetakeslifeeasy,careslittleaboutmaterialgains,andpreferstobeleftalone.Theotherisdiligent,ambitiousforbetterandmore,aggressiveandmaterial-oriented.Inourcomingreadings,wewillmeetthesetypesagain.,Themes,astoryaboutchange(变革)changesinthevillage：asmallinnVSUnionHotel,aricketybuildingwithbroken,gapingwindows,decoratedbyWashingtonsportrait.changeinthelifestyle:peace,harmony,stablityinthepastVSabusy,bustling,disputatioustone.PoliticalidealsofDemocracy,andhumanrightsseemtocometruebuttheyactuallydividesocietyintopartygroups,fillsocietywithpowerscramble,andmakesocietylesstolerant（considerthegroupsangrytreatmentwithRipafterheexpressedhisloyaltytotheKing.Changeinbaseofidentity:socialrelationshipVSmoney,positionorpartyaffiliation.Authorsconservativeattitude:Ripsbewildermentoverthechangessuggesttheauthorsmildcritiqueattheoverridingoptimismofthenewnation.,AstoryofescapeRipshatredofprofitablelabor,hisescapefromduty,hispreferenceforanidlelifemaystrikearesponsivechordfromthereader.Noonecandenythatidlenessispartofhumannature,andthattheresalwaysadeepfeltdesiretoescapefromresponsibility.Ripsstorymightbetakenasaliteraryexpressionofthatdesireforescape.,Humor,AnalyzehowIrvingcreateshumor.Irvingcreatedhumorbythewayhesaidthings:1)Hedelightedinmakingironicremarkswhichsayjusttheoppositeofwhathemeant.（eg.P12.atermaganwifemaybeconsideredatorerableblessing;ifso,Ripwasthriceblessed.）2)Heuseddignifiedwordstoproduceahalf-mockingeffect.(eg.P25havingassumedatenfoldausterityofbrow,demandedoftheunknownculprit)3)Hewasalsofondofexaggeratingtheseriousnessofsituations.(descriptionofthecrest-fallendogatthesightofDameVanWrinkle.P15),Appendix:translationonsomekeypar.sandsentences,P13.1stpar.瑞普-凡-温克尔性格中有一大缺点：不喜任何赚钱的活计。这种不喜不是因为他缺乏恒心、不够勤勉所致。他愿意整天坐在湿漉漉的岩石上，举着又粗又重的鱼竿，一言不发地垂钓溪上。即使无一尾鱼咬钩，他也从不丧气。他也愿意肩扛猎枪，花费数个小时，穿林涉泽，翻山越岭，只为猎得几只松鼠野鸽。他从不拒绝帮助邻居，哪怕是干最粗最累的活儿。要有筛谷壳、扎石篱这类农村游戏活动，他总是冲在最前边。村里的妇女也常使唤他跑跑腿，或做一些她们的丈夫不愿意做的小活计。总而言之，除了自各儿的事情外，别人家的事瑞普都乐意管。至少家庭责任，收拾农场，他觉得这样的活儿绝对做不来。,p.14,1stpar.然而，瑞普-凡-温克尔天生一个傻乎乎的乐天派，性格圆通，随遇而安。他吃好吃差无所谓，只要得来全不费工夫。他宁肯守着一毛钱挨饿，也不愿劳神费力去挣一块钱。要是由着他的性子，他会非常心安理得地虚度一生。可是他老婆在他耳朵边不停地数落他，说他游手好闲，对家庭漠不关心，这个家快给他毁了。从早到晚，她唠叨个没完。他说的每句话，做的每件事，定会招徕她一顿臭骂。瑞普对付他那长舌老婆，倒是有个办法，这个办法用多了。已经成了一个习惯。他耸耸肩、摇摇头、翻翻眼、一言不发。然而，这又引来老婆的一番新的怒骂。于是，瑞普欣然缴械投降，夺门而去。,P15.1stpar.And2ndpar.瑞普-凡-温克尔的婚姻生活，随着岁月的推移，麻烦越来越多。尖刻脾性不会随着年龄的增加而沉稳，凌厉的唇舌只会在日复一日的磨砺中愈加锋利。有很长一段时间，当凡-温克尔太太的唠叨迫使他出门时，他还能跑到由村中的贤达、哲人、闲人组成的小团体那里求的一点安慰。他们总在村里的小酒馆前的长凳上聚会，酒馆挂着英王乔治三世的肖像，很容易辨认。在漫长的夏天里，他们常常坐在树荫下，没完没了地讲讲村人的闲话，说些让人打盹的无聊故事。偶尔，他们中有人碰巧搞到一张过路游客扔下来的旧报纸，这时他们的讨论就会深奥起来，值得政治家掏钱来听。他们一脸肃穆地听着小学校长德瑞克-凡-巴梅尔拿腔拿调地朗读报纸内容，德瑞克个头不高，行动敏捷，很有学问，即便词典里最长的词也难他不倒。然后他们会露出满腹学问的样子讨论几个月前发生的新闻。,众人发表的高见完全由尼古拉斯德维达裁决，他是村里的年纪最大的，也是酒馆的主人，他从早到晚坐在门口，随着太阳的位置稍稍挪动座位，总是坐在树荫下，邻居们甚至可以根据他坐的位置判断时辰，准确度较日冕不差半分。,P23.lastPar.他匆匆赶到村酒馆，在那里他打发过许多闲散时刻。可是酒馆也不复存在了，取而代之的是一幢摇摇晃晃的大木楼，窗户很大，一些业已破损，塞上旧衣帽权作遮蔽。门头上面印着；“联合酒店，乔纳森-督利特尔所有。”早先安静的荷兰小酒馆前那颗遮风挡阳的大树也不见了踪迹，现在耸立着一根柱子，顶着一顶红睡帽似的东西，呼啦啦飘着一面旗帜，旗帜上有着奇怪的星啊条呀组成的图案，一切都透着古怪，让人无法理解。但瑞普认得标牌上的画像；那是乔治国王的红脸庞，他在下面不知静静地抽过多少袋烟斗。可就连这画像也明显地与先前不同。陛下的红色上衣变成了蓝色，手中握着剑而不是王杖，头上戴的是尖顶帽子。画像下面有一行大字：华盛顿将军。,和以往一样，门口有一群人，但瑞普谁也不认识。人们的性格似乎都变了，到处忙忙碌碌、慌慌张张、争争闹闹的样子，完全没有了以前他所熟悉那种的恬淡平和、闲适安宁。可是这些人都不在，他倒是看到了一个瘦瘦的家伙，气势咄咄逼人，口袋塞满传单，高声谈论公民权-选举-国会议员-自由等等天书般的新词，搞得温克尔愈发糊涂。P25.1stpar.一听到这句话，众人愤怒地喊道，“托利党！间谍！流亡分子！把他抓起来！把他