状语和状语从句.doc

第15章 状语和状语从句i. 状语1. 状语除了在基本句型（主语+不及物动词vi.+状语）和（主语+及物动词vt.+宾sth./sb+状语）结构中为句子的主要成分外，在句子中均是一种修饰成分，可以修饰动词，间或整个句子。2. 状语通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式和分词等表示，形容词和名词词组有时也可作状语。当用一个句子作状语时，这个句子即为状语从句。3. 如果句子同时有几个状语装饰，方式状语在前，其次是地点状语，时间状语放在最后。专项训练1从方框内选出单词，用其适当形式填空，每词限用一词。far hard real serious complete good slow excite ordinary important1. He is _ a good student.2. The girl runs _ in her class.3. Several workers were _ injured in the accident.4. The tiger could _ breathe with the snake around it.5. _, of course, we would telephone first.6. She behaves _ in her class.7. My brother travels _ than I.8. In the north of the country, it is _ freezing.9. When we heard our football team won the match, we all jumped _.10. Most _, the teacher should make the meaning of the article clear to the students.按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. My father gets up at six every morning.（对划线部分提问） _ _ does your father get up every morning?2. Heilongjiang is located in the north of China. （对划线部分提问） _ is Heilongjiang _?3. You may keep the magazine for two more days. （对划线部分提问） _ _ may I keep the magazine?4. The car turned right. （对划线部分提问） _ _ the car turn5. The postage for the parcel cost seventy yuan. （对划线部分提问） _ _ did the postage for the parcel cost?6. They organize the film festivals once a year. （对划线部分提问） _ _ do they organize the film festivals?7. I weigh 56 kilos. （对划线部分提问） _ _ do you weigh?8. After the holiday, we returned fresh and strong. （对划线部分提问） _ _ you return after the holiday.9. They ran all the way to catch the last bus. （对划线部分提问） _ _ they run all the way?10. Carbon dioxide is produced by burning fuels. （对划线部分提问） _ _ carbon dioxide produced?ii. 时间状语和时间状语从句1. 时间状语通常由副词、介词短语和分词表示，也用状语从句表示。2. 时间状语从句可由连词when, as, while, before, after, until, till, since, as soon as, by the time等引导。叙述两件事情同时进行时，多用while表示。表示事态及状况的变化和进展时，则用as表示。3. 状语从句的时态必须与主句保持一致，如果带有时间状语从句的复合句的主句为一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。专项训练2用所给动词的适当时态填空1. Please call me as soon as he _(finish) his work.2. I _(not understand) the problem until the teacher explained it.3. Mike _(write) a report when I telephoned him yesterday.4. We _(be) good friends since we met at school.5. When she comes next time, I _（tell）her everything.6. Before the film began, all the tickets _(sell) out.7. As soon as he got home, he _(drink) a glass of cold water.8. The shop assistant was arguing with the customer when I _(go) into the food section.9. The criminal _ (capture) when he tried to escape from th ecity.10. By the time he graduated from college, he _(become) a Party member.按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. He came here two minutes late. (对划线部分提问) _ _ did he come here?2. My mother returned home a moment ago.(保持原句意思)My mother returned home _ _.3. Dr Bethune stayed in the hospital after the work was over. (保持原句意思)Dr Bethune didnt _ the hospital _ the work was over.4. The students go home after school. (保持原句意思)The students go home after school _ _.5. We got tired after we walked a long way. (保持原句意思)We got tired _ _ a long way.6. Jane didnt go to bed until eleven oclock. (保持原句意思)Jane didnt go to bed until _ _ eleven oclock.7. Water turns into steam when the temperature gets to 100. (保持原句意思)Water _ turn into steam _ the temperature gets to 100.8. Alice began to play the piano when she was four. (保持原句意思)Alice began to play the piano _ _ _ of four.9. As a girl, she could swim across the Huangpu River. (保持原句意思)_ she was a girl, she _ _ _ swim across the Huangpu River.10. When he was going home, a lovely cat caught his eye. (保持原句意思)_ _ _ home, he _ a lovely cat.iii. 地点状语和地点状语从句1. 地点状语通常由副词和介词短语表示，也可用状语从句表示。2. 地点状语从句通常由连词where引导。iv. 方式状语和方式状语从句1. 方式状语通常由副词和介词短语表示，有时用名词词组表示，也可用状语从句表示。2. 方式状语从句通常由连词as, as if, as though引导。专项训练3按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. We put a desk on the platform.(对划线部分提问)_ _ you put a desk?2. The fire spread quickly through the forest. (对划线部分提问)_ _ the fire spread quickly?3. Her sweater was knitted by hand. (对划线部分提问)_ _ her sweater knitted?4. When there is a typhoon, the wind blows fiercely. (对划线部分提问)_ _ the wind blow when there is a typhoon?5. Where there is plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. (对划线部分提问)_ _ the field green?6. Its cheap and convenient t take the underground. (保持原句意思)Its cheap and convenient to go _ _.7. Miss Li likes to use electricity to cook. (保持原句意思)Miss Li likes to cook _ _.8. Please do exactly as your teacher has told you. (保持原句意思)Please do exactly _ _ what your teacher has told you.9. The family lived happily. (保持原句意思)The family lived _ _.10. With those words, he stood up and went away. (保持原句意思) _ _ _ those words, he _ and _.v. 目的状语和目的状语从句1. 目的状语通常由介词短语和动词不定式表示，也用状语从句表示。2. 目的状语从句通常由连词so that, in order that引导。专项训练4按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. Were working hard to make our country stronger and richer.(对划线部分提问)_ _ you working hard?2. The soldiers fought bravely for the country.（对划线部分提问)_ did the soldiers fight bravely_?3. She has bought th ebook to follow the TV lessons. （对划线部分提问_ has she bought the book to _?4. We use electricity to run machines in factories.（保持原句意思）We use electricity _ _ machines in factories.5. He worked all night so that he could finish the job in time. （保持原句意思）He worked all night _ _ to finish th ejob in time.6. People must stop cutting down trees in order to protect the environment. （保持原句意思）People must stop cutting down trees _ _ to protect the environment.7. People mustnt kill animals so as to keep the balance of nature. （保持原句意思）People mustnt kill animals _ _ to keep the balance of nature.People mustnt kill animals _ _ they can keep the balance of nature.8. The travellers were hurrying. They would not miss the train.（合并为一句）The travellers were hurrying _ _ they _ miss the train.9. Some businesses refuse to buy products from the rainforest. They may not destroy it. （合并为一句）Some businesses refise to buy products from the rainforest in order _ _.10. Jack renewed all his books. He could use them for another two weeks. （合并为一句） Jack renewed all his books _ _ that he could use them for another two weeks.vi. 结果状语和结果状语从句1. 结果状语通常由动词不定式表示，也用状语从句表示。2. 结果状语从句通常由连词sothat, suchthat, so that引导专项训练5按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. There are many postcards. I dont know which to choose.（合并为一句） There are _ many postcards _ I dont know which to choose.2. The sportman is so strong that he may control his sailing-boat on the sea.（保持原句意思） The sportman is strong _ _ control his sailing-boat on the sea.3. She got so little money that she could not spend it. （保持原句意思） She got _ little money _ spend it.4. It is so cold in winter that people can hardly stand outside. （保持原句意思） It is too cold in winter _ _ to stand outside.5. The girl is clever enough to memorize all these new words quickly. （保持原句意思） The girl is _ clever _ she can memorize all these new words quickly.6. The child is too young to understand danger. （保持原句意思） The child is so young that _ _ understand danger.7. The store is too heavy for him to carry. （保持原句意思） The store is _ heavy that he cant carry _.8. The gate was too narrow for the car to pass. （保持原句意思） The gate wasnt _ _ for the car to pass.9. She is so nice a girl that the teacher often praises her. （保持原句意思） She is _ a nice girl that she _ often _ by the teacher.10. It was so dark that we could see nothing. （保持原句意思） It wasnt _ _ for _ to see _.vii. 原因状语和原因状语从句1. 原因状语通常由介词短语，动词不定式和分词表示，也用状语从句表示。2. 原因状语从句通常由连词because, as, since, now that等引导。其中because语势最强，as次之，since又次之。专项训练6按要求改写句子，每空限填一词1. As I had a cold, I was absent from school.(对划线部分提问) _ _ you absent from school?2. I didnt go out for a walk because it was wet. (对划线部分提问) _ _ you go out for a walk?3. Li Ping has a bad cold. He has to stay in bed and drink much hot water.（合并为一句） Li Ping has to stay in bed and drink much hot water _ he has a bad cold.4. She is busy. She wont go to th ecinema with us. （合并为一句） She wont go to the cinema with us _ she is busy.5. John didnt attend the meeting because of his illness. （保持原句意思） John didnt attend the meeting because he _ _.6. David made a mistake because of carelessness. （保持原句意思） David made a mistake _ _ carelessness.7. Since everybody is here, lets begin the meeting. （保持原句意思） _ _ everybody is here, lets begin the meeting.8. No planes could land at the airport because there was the typhoon. （保持原句意思） No planes could land at the airport _ _ the typhoon.9. The fish will go bad, so youd better put it in the fridge. （保持原句意思） Youd better put the fish in the fridge, _ it will go bad.10. She missed the early bus, so she didnt come to school on time. （保持原句意思） She didnt come to school on time _ she _ _ the early bus. viii. 条件状语和条件状语从句1. 条件状语通常由介词短语和分词表示，也用状语从句表示。2. 条件状语从句通常由连词if, unless引导3. 如果带有条件状语从句的复合句的主句为一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。专项训练7按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. Danny has made much progress with the help of his teacher. (对划线部分提问) _ _ Danny made much progress?2. We will have a school sports meeting unless it rains. （保持原句意思） We _ have a school sports meeting _ it rains.3. Working hard, yo will succeed. （保持原句意思） _ _ work hard, you will succeed.4. David will fail the test again if he doesnt study hard. （保持原句意思） David will fail the test again _ he _ hard.5. He wont get a seat unless hes got a ticket. （保持原句意思） He _ get a seat _ hes got a ticket.6. If Johnson starts late, hell miss the train to Nanjing. （保持原句意思） _ Johnson starts _, he _ _ the train to Nanjing.7. Take the mao with you, and you can find the way to Shanghai Museum. （保持原句意思） _ you _ take th emap with you, you may _ your way to ShanghaiMuseum.8. I f you think it over, youll have a good idea. （保持原句意思）_ it over, _ youll have a good idea.9. You wont be able to finish tha task in time without their help. （保持原句意思）_ they _ _ you, you _ finish the task in time.10. If you waste time, you will fall behind others. （保持原句意思）_ _ time, _ you will fall behind others.ix. 让步状语和让步状语从句1. 让步状语通常由分词表示，也用状语从句表示。2. 让步状语从句通常由连词though, although, even if, no matter what/how/when, whatever, however等引导x. 比较状语和比较状语从句1. 比较状语通常由介词短语表示，也用状语从句表示。2.比较状语从句通常由连词than, as等引导。专项训练8选择填空( ) 1. Which city is _, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou? A. big B. bigger C. the bigD. the biggest( ) 2. I will eat as _ as I can.A. much B. many C. more D. best( ) 3. A typhoon is much fiercer _ a breeze.A. as B. of C. than D. among( ) 4. Our new flat is twice _ our old house.A. as big as B. so big as C. bigger as D. more big than( ) 5. There is _ice on the plate than on that one.A. little B. less C. few D. fewer( ) 6. These shoes are too expensive. Im looking for _ ones.A. less B. cheaper C. lower D. cheapest( ) 7. The climate in Kunming is better than _ Heilongjiang.A. / B. in C. that in D. climate of( ) 8. The turkey smelt _ the chicken wings.A. as delicious asB. as deliciously asC. much delicious thanD. more deliciously than( ) 9. She is _ than her younger sister.A. two kilos heavy B. heavy two kilosC. heavier two kilosD. two kilos heavier( ) 10. The more we know the world, _ we will die.A. the mor successB. th emore successfulC. more successfulD. the more succeed按要求改写句子，每空限填一词。1. Many people still send letters to family members or friends though emailing is so popular today. （保持原句意思） Emailing is so popular today, _ people still send letters to family members or friends.2. I go and visit him whenever Im in town. （保持原句意思） I go and visit him _ _ when Im in town.3. Jane is better than any other student in her class. （保持原句意思） Jane is _ _ student in her class.4. Some young people prefer pop songs to classical music. （保持原句意思） Some young people _ pop songs _ _ classical music.5. Jack began running as fast as possible. （保持原句意思） Jack began running as fast as _ _.6. Tom sings the best in his class. （保持原句意思） _ _ sings _ than Tom in his class.7. The Yangze River is te longest river in China. （保持原句意思） No other river is _ long _ the Yangze River in China.8. My opinion is different from yours. （保持原句意思） My opinion isnt the _ _ yours.9. Boys usually eat more than girls. （保持原句意思） Girls usually eat _ _ boys.10. This problem is easier than that one. （保持原句意思） This problem is _ _ tha that one. That problem is _ _ than this one . That problem isnt _ _ _ this one.xi. 伴随状况状语伴随状况状语通常由分词表示。专项训练9用所给单词的现在分词或过去分词填空1. The teacher sat near the stove, _ a book in his hand. (hold)2. The boy turned away _. (disappoint)3. He went away, _the door. (slam)4. She stood before a famous scientist, _ (excite)5. The bell rang, _our heated discussion. (interrupt)6. The professor entered the lecture hall, _ by two of his students. (follow)7. Rose stood by the seaside, _ the scene of the sunset. (enjoy)8. Einstein waiked in the street, _ in thought. (lose)9. The old man sat under the tree, _ by group of children. (surround)10. The children ran out of the room, _ and _ merrily. (laugh, talk)选择填空( ) 1. _ you always eat too little, you may be ill. A. After B. If C. As D. Now that( ) 2. _ it was dark, we stopped working. A. As B. But C. And D. If( ) 3 . The headmaster had already left _ I got to his office. A. when B. until C. after D. while( ) 4. He was listening to the music _ she was cleaning the house. A. after B. while C. before D. as soon as( ) 5. _ I want to be thinner, what do I have to do? A. Since B. Because C. If D. Although( ) 6. Would you please look after my baby _ Im out? A. that B. where C. while D. since( ) 7. The