专题训练一：简单句和并列句]

精品文档中考英语复习专项 简单句和并列句 引言：句子的分类。根据语气可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。根据结构可分为：简单句、并列句和复合句。 简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子。主语： 定语：( )谓语： 状语： 宾语： 宾补： 表语： 并列句是包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子，句子之间常用并列连词连接。常见的连词有and, but, or, so等。一、常见的五种基本句型。1. ，主谓，谓语动词一般为不及物动词； The bus stopped. S Vi Tom has arrived.2. ，主谓（系）表，谓语动词一般为连系动词；（表语可以是名词，形容词，动词不定式、动名词短语、介词短语或句子等）。 连系动词主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（感到，摸起来）；stay/keep(保持)；seem(好像，似乎). turn/get/become/grow(变得); appear(呈现)：appear red The skirt looks beautiful. S V P she is a student. My dream is to be a teacher.3.DO，主谓宾，谓语动词一般为及物动词，如果是不及物动词，后面要跟介词再接宾语； I like English. S V DO She likes watching TV. She wants to go shopping. Tom gets to school at 6:00am. Tom often laughs at me. Jim is making a kite.4.DOC，主谓宾补，宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、动词不定式等. I find English easy. S V DO OC They keep their eyes closed.She asked me to go shopping. She makes me laugh. I wish you a good holiday I find Tom a clever boy. I can hear Tom singing an English song.5. ，主谓双宾，接双宾语的动词有buy, give, show, tell, teach, offer, provide等。一般物为直接宾语（DO），人为间接宾语（IO）。 (give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. )(buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.) She gave me a pen. S V IO DO She buy me a pen.二、常见的并列句：(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not onlybut also, neithernor,as well as等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示平行关系、顺接关系、对照关系、先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。He likes playing football and he plays well.他喜欢踢足球，并且踢得很好。 Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus.as well as是英语中常用的连接词(并列连词)，侧重于前项。The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。 = The child is not only lively but also healthy.(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or, otherwise, eitheror等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。 Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema（or译为：或者） Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus. （or译为：否则）(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but, yet, still ,however, while(而)等,前后分句时态一致。 It has no mouth, but it can talk. 它没有嘴巴，但是它会说话。（前后彼此矛盾，表示转折）School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.学校放学了，可是老师们仍然在工作。（前后彼此矛盾，表示转折）He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。（前后不矛盾，只是表示转折）(4) 说明原因或理由, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的男子汉。(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。 Mr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead李老师回家乡去了，所以王老师代他的课。三、反意疑问句： 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。1) 构成：由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构；反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致；反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。陈述句部分附加问句部分注 意 点肯定陈述句否定的简短一般问句当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词；否则就使用do/does/did.否定陈述句肯定的简短一般问句如：He is old, isnt he? (他老了不是吗？) Your father went to Japan, didnt he? (你爸爸去了日本，不是吗？) He isnt old, is he? (他不老是吗？) He seldom plays football, does he? (他很少踢足球，是吗？) Tom has been to Japan, hasnt he? 比较：Tom has to do housework, doesnt he? There is little water, is there? Kate hardly speaks Chinese, does she? Please open the door, will you? (除Lets外的祈使句的反意疑问句用will you) Let us go swimming, will you? Lets go swimming, shall we?(Lets开头的祈使句的反意疑问句用:shall we) Everyone is here, arent they ? (everyone 指人) Everything is ready, isnt it? （everything指物) I dont think Tom has done that, has he? (主要看宾语从句：I/we think/believe 引导宾从时否定前移) She thinks Tom hasnt done that, doesnt she? (只要看主句)2) 反意问句的回答：无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循：“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式” 如： The man went away, didnt he?(那人走开了,不是吗？)Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/ No, he didnt.(不,他没有走。) Tom didnt go there, did he?(Tom没去那里,是吗？)Yes, he did.(不,他去了。)/ No, he didnt.(是的,他没去。) 四、选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上情况,需要对方作出选择回答的疑问句叫选择疑问句。1) 构成：(1)一般疑问句 + or + 第二选项？ (2) 特殊疑问句 + 第一选项(+ 第二选项)+ or + 第三选项？2) 选择疑问句的结构与特殊疑问句相同,即要具体回答,不可以用yes / no回答。如：Is your friend a boy or a girl? A girl.Which do you prefer, coffee or tea? Tea, please.Which do you like best, singing, dancing or skating? -Dancing, of course. 五、祈使句：祈使句用来表示请求、命令等。它的主语you往往不说出。祈使句的肯定式： 动词(原形) + 其他 如：Please give me a hand. (请帮忙) Shut up! (住嘴！) 祈使句的否定式：Dont +动词原形 + 其他 如：Please dont talk in low voices. (请不要低声讲话。) Dont look back! (不要掉头看。)注意 以“lets”引出的祈使句的否定结构,“not”应放在“lets”后面。如：Lets not trouble him. (我们不要打扰他。)肯定祈使句前可以用助动词来强调语气。如：Please do help me! (请千万帮帮我。)（do起强调作用） 注意祈使句在复合句和其它一些情况下看作将来时： Please call me when she comes back. (主将从现) -Dont bring it here tomorrow. -OK, I wont.六、感叹句：感叹句用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情。句末常用“！”1.what感叹名词。对含有形容词的名词短语感叹的结构通常是：What + (a /an) + (形容词) +名词+ 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,感叹可数名词单数。 如：What a kind girl |(she is)! (她是多么善良的一个女孩啊！) What a tall tree | (it is)! (它是多高的一棵树啊！)感叹可数名词复数。 如：What kind girls |(they are)! (她们是多么善良的女孩啊！) What tall trees | (they are)! (它们是多高的树啊！)感叹不可数名词。 如：What delicious food | (it is)! What bad/good weather | (it is )! What good news | (it is) ! What useful information | (it is) ! What good advice | (it is) ! What hard work |(it is)!What great fun | (they had) ! (have fun词组) 特例：What a good time | (they are having) ! (have a good time词组)技巧: what引导的感叹句中的形容词后肯定直接有一个名词.2.how对形容词或副词进行感叹：结构通常是：How + 形容词/副词 + 陈述句结构(主谓语) ,用来强调句子中的形容词、副词或动词。how感叹形容词时，可以与what 感叹句相互转化。How kind | the girl is! (那个女孩多么善良啊！) How tall | the tree is ! (那棵树多高啊！)how感叹副词时，不可以与what 感叹句相互转化。 How carefully | the old man walks! (这老人走路真小心！) How beautifully |Lily is singing! 有时,陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、一个词或词组,也带有一定的感情色彩,也可以成为感叹句,此时未必使用感叹句型。He is sitting on a tigers back! (他坐在老虎的背上！) / A nice shot! (漂亮一击！) / Good goal! (好球！)典型例题解析【例1】 John likes walking in the open air, .(2001，吉林) A.so does TomB.also does Tom C.tom likes alsoD.so Tom does 【例2】 Joke broke his leg，_?2001，南京A.did heB.didnt he C.do you D.dont you【例3】 There will be a volleyball match in our school, ?2002，福州A.be thereB.is there C.will there D.wont there【例4】 Neither he nor I_from Canada. We are from Australia.2002，山西 A.is B.areC.am D.be【例5】 There is a lot of_in the box.2002，吉林A.cake B.bags of cakes C.milkD.bags of milk 课时训练1.We cant live_water. A.with B.has C.havent D.without2.We must hurry，_we will be late for school. A.and B.or C.but D.if3._you_she are like English. A.Both.and B.Neither.nor C.Either.or D.Not only.but also4.The number of the students_50. A.are B.am C.is D.have5.He was tired,_he still went on working. A.and B.but C.or D.also6._Lily_Lucy can go with you.Because one of them must look after their mother at home. A.Neither.nor B.Either.or C.Both.and D.No tonly.but also7.Will you go and get some more_for the teacher? A.chalks B.piece of chalk C.pieces of chalk D.pieces of chalks8._is made of _. A.Glasses，glasses B.A glass，glass C.Glasses，glasses D.A glass，glasses9.We are very tired,we should have_rest. A.half an hour B.an hour C.half a hours D.an hours10.I heard her_in the next room. A.singing B.sang C.go sing D.sing11.I usually have breakfast at home. _. A.So have I B.So do I C.I have so D.I do so12.Open the door，_? A.will you B.wont you C.dont you D.do you13.Sheep live on grass，_? A.doesnt it B.dont they C.does it D.do they14.He found_interesting to learn English. A.it B.this C.that D.those15.Why_the information on the Internet? A.not search B.search C.dont search D.do search 16.You usually play football after school,dont you? _.But today I want to read English. A.Yes，I do B.No,I dont C.No,I dont D.No，I do17._good weather it is today! A.How B.How a C.What D.What a18.He hasnt finished the work yet,has he? _.He finished it yesterday. A.Yes,he has B.No,he hasnt C.Yes,he hasnt D.No,he has19.I didnt finish my homework yesterday.He didnt finish his homework,_. A.too B.also C.either D.well20.Lets talk about the picture,_? A.will you B.wont you C.shall we D.shant we21.Its a beautiful day. _. A.so is itB.so it is C.so does it D.so it does22.There is going to _a sports meeting next week. A.have B.has C.hold D.be23._exciting the news is ! A.What B.What an C.How D.How an24.The weather in Beijing is worse than _ in Nanjing. A.that B.those C.it D.this25._TV is my mothers hobby. A.WatchB.Watching C.SeeingD.See句型转换1.The mountain is very beautiful.(改为感叹句)_ _beautiful mountain it is!2.How is the weather in China?(改为同义句)_the weather _in China.3.The boy is the most careless in his class.(改为同义句)The boy is _ _than _ _boy in his class.4.He didnt watch TV，his mother didnt either.(改为同义句)_he _his mother watched TV.5.I spent the whole afternoon learning English.(同上)I spent _ _ _learning English.6.I spent 100 yuan on the coat.(同上) I _100 yuan _the coat. I _100 yuan _the coat. The coat _me 100 yuan.7.He has worked in this school since 2 years ago. (对划线部分提问)_ _has he worked in this school.8.He joined the aray 3 months ago.(改为同义句)=_ _3 months since he joined the aray.=3 months _ _since he joined the aray.=He _ _ _the aray for 3 months.9.The visitors had a good time in Beijing.( 改为同义句)The visitors _ _in Beijing.10.He will come back in a week.(对划线部分提问)_ _will he come back?11.He has never been abroad.(改为反意疑问句) He has never been abroad，_ _?12.Dont go alone.(改为反意疑问句) Dont go alone,_ _?13.There is little meat in the fridge.(改为反意疑问句) There is little meat in the fridge, _ _?14.Why not ask the man over there?_ _ _ask the man over there?15.How many people are there in India?_ _ _of India?1. I hope that I will hear from you soon. I hope _ _ from you soon.2. I wonder how I can go there.I wonder _ _go there.3. When and where they should build a new power station is a difficult problem for them.When and where _ _ a new power station is a difficult problem for them.4. The teacher who is wearing glasses teaches us English.The teacher _ glasses teaches us English.5. My father got up early so that he could catch the first bus.My father got up early _ _ _ catch the first bus.6. The girl is so short that she cannot be a model.The girl is _ short _ be a model.7. Do you mind if I smoke here ?Do you mind _ _ here ?8. The girl who is dancing on the stage is my sister.The girl _ on the stage is my sister.9. I think it important that middle school students should learn English.I think it _ _ middle school students _ learn English.10. I feel that it is dangerous to play with fire.I feel _ _ to play with fire.11. Marx found that it was necessary to study Russia.Marx found_ _ _ study Russia.12. After his father died, he left his home town.He left his home town after the _ _his father.13. Dont forget to turn off the gas before you leave the kitchen.Dont forget to turn off the gas _ _ the kitchen.15. She wont go to see the play because she has lost her ticket.She wont go to see the play _ _losing her ticket.16. She went for a walk after she had supper.She went for a walk _ _.17. I could swim when I was eight years old. I could swim_ _ _ of eight.18. He was late for school because it rained heavily.He was late for school _ _ the _ rain.19. I dont know how I can answer the question.I dont know _ _ _ the question.20. Please tell me what I should do first.Please tell me _ _ _ first.21. He is so young that he cant join the army.He is _ _ _ join the army.22. She works so hard that she can pass the exam.She works _ _ to pass the exam.23. If you use your head, youll find a way. _ your _, _ youll find a way. 24. If you dont work hard, you wont pass the exam._ _, _ you wont pass the exam.25. The box is so heavy that we cant carry it.The box is _ _ _ us to carry.26. The problem is so easy that I can work it out.The problem is _ _ _me _ work out.27. I cant pass the exam if you dont help me.I cant pass the exam _your _.28. I saw that he was playing computer games.I saw _ _ computer games.29. She heard that the boy cried all night.She heard the boy _ all night.30. It seemed that he would catch up with others.He seemed _ _ up with others.将简单句改为复合句1. The problem is too difficult for us to work out. The problem is _ _ that we _ work it out.2. Hurry up, or youll be late for the party. _ you _ hurry up, youll be late for the party.3. The tree is too tall for us to reach . The tree is _tall _ we cant reach_ .4. The teacher asked us to come earlier.The teacher asked us _ _ _ come earlier.5. The doctor put down the telephone , and hurried to Jims home._ the doctor put down the telephone, he went to Jims home as _ as possible.6. Dont play basketball here, or you may break the window. _ _ play basketball here, you may break the window.7. He came late because of the bad traffic.He came late _ the traffic was _ .8. He built a lab at the age of nine.He built a lab _ _ _ nine.9. I cant finish the work in time without your help .I cant finish the work if _ _ _ me . 10. The water was too dirty for us to drink.The water was _dirty that we _ drink _.11. At the end of the meeting his bag was lost.He couldnt find his bag _the meeting _over.12. The teacher told us to do the experiment. The teacher told us how _ _ _ the experiment.13. Could you tell me how to get to the station?Could you tell me _ _ _ get to the station?14. She likes pork a little, but she likes beef better.She _ beef _ _ pork.15. Mike is the tallest student in his school. _ _ in the school is taller than Mike典型例题解析【例1】 John likes walking in the open air, .(2001，吉林) A.so does TomB.also does Tom C.tom likes alsoD.so Tom does 【例2】 Joke broke his leg，_?2001，南京A.did heB.didnt he C.do you D.dont you【例3】 There will be a volleyball match in our school, ?2002，福州A.be thereB.is there C.will there D.wont there【例4】 Neither he nor I_from Canada. We are from Australia.2002，山西 A.is B.areC.am D.be【例5】 There is a lot of_in the box.2002，吉林A.cake B.bags of cakes C.milkD.bags of milk 课时训练1.We cant live_water. A.with B.has C.havent D.without2.We must hurry，_we will be late for school. A.and B.or C.but D.if3._you_she are like English. A.Both.and B.Neither.nor C.Either.or D.Not only.but also4.The number of the students_50. A.a