外贸英语函电PPT课件

.,1,外贸英语函电ForeignTradeCorrespondence,.,2,外贸英语函电学什么？,本课程是国际贸易专业高年级的核心业务课程之一，是一门将英语与外贸业务相结合的课程。通过介绍外贸实务中各种英文业务函件，电传和传真以及其它方式的写作格式，商业术语和各种不同的表达方法;通过介绍对外贸易各环节的具体做法，使学生在提高英语水平的同时，熟练掌握对外贸易业务中常用的基本术语及表达技能，培养和提高他们的外贸业务工作能力,.,3,本课程的目的是:学习外贸业务书信的标准格式;了解通过哪些途径来发展新客户，开拓新市场;如何进行询购某商品，怎样报盘和还盘;怎样灵活运用付款方式;如何做到重合同守信用;怎样去审查信用证，做到不出差错;在理赔和索赔中做到有理有理有节；学会拟写信函和电传传真的写作技巧。,.,4,学习内容：本课程主要学习信例，大量学习外贸实务基本环节中有代表性的信例。外贸实务基本环节有：建立业务关系和资信调查、询盘、报盘和报价、还盘、订单，履行订单、支付、包装和运输、信用证的修改和展期、索赔和解决索赔等。,.,5,学习方法：外贸函电是一门实践操作性很强的课程。也就是说，要达到正确拟写外贸业务信函的目的，仅有理论是远远不够的，学员必须学习大量外贸实务中有一定代表性的信函，深入体会何为七个“CS”写作的基础理论知识，更重要的是通过学习信例，熟悉大量外贸业务中各个环节中常用语，包括词汇、短语、句型以及习惯表达方式等等，再通过一定量的练习，对常用语进行操练运用，从而达到掌握并熟练使用的目的。,.,6,OBJECTIVEAnalyzeandplanforabusinesswritingtaskChooseprecise（精确的）wordstoconveythecorrectmeaningWriteclearandconcise（简洁的）sentencesandparagraphs（段落）Identifyandcorrectcommonerrors（识别和改正常见错误）foundinsentencestructuresMaster（精通）thenaturalwrittenEnglish,.,7,Themostimportantobjectiveoftakingthiscourseis*Tocultivate（培养）thesenseofdoingbusinesslearningthetoneofwritinglearningtheformat（格式）(letter,memo（备注，便签）,e-mail),strategy,andwordchoicelearningtheprinciplesofwritinglearningtheskillsofnegotiation,.,8,Inmostcases,thebusinessletterwillbethefirstimpressionthatyoumakeonsomeone.Forthisreasonitisimportantthatyouarediligentinyourtaskofwritinganeffectivebusinessdocument.Eventhoughbusinesswritingispossiblylessformalthanitoncewas.*Inanutshell,businesslettershouldcommunicateyourideaseffectively,conciselyandprofessionally.“Mostbusinesslettersandproposals（建议书）areopportunitiestoinfluencedecisions.Usuallyitsaone-timeopportunity.Thatswhyyoushouldacceptprofessionaltraining!,.,9,Learningobjectives:Toenablestudentstomastertheprinciplesofbusinessletterwriting;Tobecomeacquaintedwith（开始熟悉）thegenerallayout（总体）ofmostbusinessletters;ToskillfullywritestructuralpartsofbusinessEnglishletterswithproperstyles;Tobefamiliarwiththeproceduresofforeigntrade,partiesanddocumentsinvolved.,.,10,Unit1BusinessLetterWriting,1)信头(letterhead)1Structure2）编号，日期(referenceanddate)3）封内名称和地址(insideaddress)4）经办人(attention)5）称呼(salutation)6）事由（标题）(subject/caption)7）正文(body)8）结尾敬词(complimentaryclose)9）签名(signature)10）附件(enclosure)11）抄送(cctoXX)12）附言(postscript),.,11,ThecomponentpartofaletterAletterconsistsofanumberofparts,eachofwhichisessentialtotheletter,orcontributesinsomewaytoitsimpactontherecipient.Wemaylistthemasfollows:theletterhead/headingthereferencesthedatetheinsidenameandaddressthesalutationthesubjectheading/captiontheopeningparagraphthebodyofthelettertheclosingparagraphthecomplimentaryclosethesignaturetheenclosuresandcopiesthepostscript,.,12,PartsofaBusinessLetter信件组成部分,EssentialParts必要部分1.Theletterhead信头2.Thedateline日期3.Theinsidenameandaddress收信人名称地址/封内地址4.Thesalutation称呼5.Thebodyoftheletter信文6.Thecomplimentaryclose结尾敬语7.Thesignature落款,.,13,OptionalParts附加部分8.Theattentionline具体收信人9.Thesubjectline事由10.Thereferencenotation案号11.Theenclosure附件12.Thecarboncopynotation抄送13.Thepostscript附言,.,14,1)Letterhead,Letterheadincludessendersname,postaladdress,telephonenumber,telexnumber,faxnumber,andcableaddress,etc.Usuallyletterheadisprintedintheup-centerorattheleftmarginofaletterwritingpaper.外贸商号的信笺，一般都印有信头，包括发信人的姓名、地址、电话号码、传真号、及E-mail等，有些会将经营项目，注册商标和公司董事、经理等姓名一并印在信头上。如需打印，则信头位于信笺上中央或右上方。,.,15,名称、地址,AUKaddress:AirEnvironmentalMechanicalEquipmentLimited2076WestMainStreetDevon,EX140RAU.K.,公司名称,街道,邮编(在国家之前),国家,城市,门牌号,.,16,中文名称、地址举例,山东外贸职业学院中国山东省青岛市江西路62号,地址:由大到小,单位名称,.,17,中国地址名称用英文写,SinochemJiangsuImportandExportCorporationJiangsuInternationalBusinessMansion,50ZhonghuaRoad,Nanjing210001,P.R.China,单位名称,街道,大楼名称,城市,国家,邮编(在国家之前),门牌号,.,18,中国地名的翻译规范,用汉语拼音直译;一个地名只大写第一个字母例如：“山东青岛”Qingdao,ShandongQingDao,ShanDong可用缩写:Rd.=Road,Fl.=Floor,Ave=Avenue,.,19,2)ReferenceandDate,Referencemayincludeafilename,departmentalcodeortheinitialsofthesignerfollowedbythatofthetypistoftheletter.参考号：为便于存档与查阅，可以为信编写参考号，为避免混淆，最好标明Yourref:Ourref:Theformatofthedatelinediffersfromcountrytocountry.ThecommononesareM/D/Y(typicalAmerican),D/M/Y(typicalBritish)打印日期注意事项：A.年份应完全写出，不能用(94)代替(1994)B.月份要写英文名称，不能用数字来代替，但可以用缩写。C.日期最好用基数字（1，2，3）。,.,20,日期,位置：美式：在信头和收信人名称地址之间英式：通常在收信人名称地址之下均可以齐头，也可以靠右写法：美式：月-日-年英式：日-月-年,.,21,ThedateTherecommendedorderfordatesisday,month,year,withopenpunctuation.Thus20November2004isperfectlyclearandpunctuationwouldnotaddanything.Am.EMonthDate,YearNovember20,2004Br.EDateMonth,Year20November,2004,.,22,美式日期举例,日期,信头,收信人名称地址,.,23,英式日期举例,信头,收信人名称地址,日期,称呼,.,24,日期写法注意事项,月份最好用文字，如：1.2ndMay,20-2.2May,20-3.September21st,20-4.September21,20-5.25Aug.20-6.Oct.10,20-避免月份用数字，如11/12/20Notes：Datelineisthedateyousendtheletter,notthedatewhenyoutypeorwriteit.,主意标点符号！,.,25,3)InsidenameandAddress,Theinsideaddressistherecipientsaddress,whichshouldbeidenticaltothedeliveryaddress邮寄地址ontheenvelope.Theinsideaddressservesasthedeliveryaddress.Itistypedattheleft-handmargintwolinesbelowthedate.Theinformationshouldbegiveninawaylikethis:Receiversnameorhisofficialtitle头衔/官衔;Companysname;Numberofthehouseandnameofthestreet;District,nameofthetownorcity;Stateorprovince,ZIPcode;Nameofcountry;,.,26,受信人的姓名和地址一般是列在信笺的左上方，沿左页边线写起。封内地址与信封地址写法相同。信内把收信人名称地址写明对工作有便利。对发信人而言，便利有二：一是发信时可与信封地址相互对照，避免放入信封时发生差误；二是发信后便于准确归档，便于以后查找。对收信人而言，便利也有二：一是收信人读信时，如发现信封名称地址与封内名称地址不符，可以知道是放入信封时发生错误，将信返回；二是收信后如信封与信函分离原信仍能保持完整，便于查阅。,.,27,4)AttentionLine指定收信人,Ifyouwantyourletterattendedbyordirectedtoaspecificpersonordepartment,addanattentionline.Thiswillspeedupthesortingprocesswithinacompany.如需注明对方经办人，希望收信商号将信迅速交经办人办理，可以在封内地址下面加Attention或Attentionof例1RichardThomasThenameofyourcorrespondent客户(ontheleft-handside)Thedateoftheletter(ontheright-handside),.,38,9)TheSignature,Itiscommontotypethenameofthewritersfirmorcompanyimmediatelybelowcomplimentaryclose.结束语的下面，应将行号的名称用大写打出，必须由负责人签名，签名的下面为使对方了解签名人的姓名、职位，可以打字注明。Neversignaletterwitharubberstamp.外国函件都必须由负责亲笔签名，用橡皮戳说明该信并非本人亲自过目，只是通函，不为人重视。,.,39,落款,结尾敬语,手写签名,打印签名,公司名称,职务,.,40,10)Enclosure,Ifsomethingisenclosed,noteitbelowthesignature.如信中有附件时，应在签名下注明Encl.或Enc.如附件不止一件应注明2Enclsor3Encls,或详细列明如下：Encls:2InvoicesEnc:1B/L1Photo1Certificate,.,41,附件,位置：落款之下，左对齐说明该信件有附件1.Enclosure2.Enc.3.Encl.AsStated4.Enclosure:Brochure,.,42,11)TheCarbonCopyNotation,Whencopiesoftheletteraresenttoothers,typec.c.belowthesignatureattheleftmargin.如果函件要抄送其他有关单位，同时使对方也知道已抄送其他单位，可在信件最后的左下角注明“CCtoxxx”or“CCxxx”,.,43,抄送,位置：附件之下，左对齐表示该信件同时抄送给他人1.明抄：ccMarketingDepartment2.暗抄：bccMr.Simpson,Blindcarboncopy,收信人不知道被抄送，只出现在发给被抄送人的信件里,Carboncopy,收信人知道被抄送,.,44,12)Postscript,Ifthewriterwishestoaddsomethingheforgottomentionorforemphasis,hemayaddhispostscripttwospacesbelowthecarboncopynotation.信写完后，如果想起还有要紧的要说，可以在信末加P.S.引出补叙的话，然后由发信人签署本人简笔签名(本人姓名的第一个字母)。,.,45,2.WritingPrinciplesoftheBusinessLetters,7“C”Courtesy礼貌Bycourtesywemeantradingpeoplewithrespectandfriendlyhumanconcern.Inordertomakeabusinesslettercourteous,trytoavoidirritating,offensive,orbelittlingstatements.Toanswerletterspromptlyisalsoamatterofcourtesy.Followingrulesshouldbefollowed:Changethecommandingtoneintorequestingtone;Usemitigation平静andavoidoveremphasizingyourownopinionorirritatingyourpartner.Passivevoiceshouldbeadoptedaccordingly;相应的采用被动语态Trytoavoidusingthewordwithforcingtoneorarousingunpleasantness.Useexpressionsaboutjoyandwillingness,thanksandregret,etc.语言要有礼且谦虚，及时地回信也是礼貌的表现。,.,46,Comparison:,Tellusmoredetailedinformationonyourrequirements?(poorer)告诉我们你们的具体要求。Willyoupleasetellusmoredetailedinformationonyourrequirements?(better)请告诉我们你们的具体要求好吗？Youcanmakeshipmentalittlelater,thatis,byJune10.你们可以装运晚一点，即六月十号。Youmightmakeshipmentalittlelater,thatis,byJune10.你们可以考虑晚一点装运，即六月十号。Wecantdeliverthegoodsallatonetime.我们不可能同时交货。Imafraidwecannotdeliverthegoodsallatonetime.恐怕我们无法同时交货。,.,47,Comparison:,Youdidnotenclosethepricelistinyourletter.你们没有在信中附价格单。Thepricelistwasnotenclosedinyourletter.贵方信中没有附价格单。Wemustrefuseyouroffer.我们拒绝贵方报价。Weregretthatweareunabletoacceptyouroffer.很遗憾我们不能接受贵方报价。Wehavereceivedwithmanythanksyourletterof20May,andwetakethepleasureofsendingyouourlatestcatalog.Wewishtodrawyourattentiontoaspecialofferwhichwehavemadeinit.（polite）Youwillbeparticularlyinterestedinaspecialofferonpage5ofthelatestcatalogenclosed,whichyourequestedinyourletterof20May.（courteous）,.,48,2)Consideration体谅：Considerationmeansthoughtfulness.ConsiderationemphasizesYou-attituderatherthanWe-attitude.Keepthereadersrequest,needs,desires,aswellashisfeelingsinmind.Inaddition,weshouldtrytodiscussproblemsinapositivewayratherthaninanegativeway.Thefollowingpointsarenecessaryforwritingalettertoembodyconsideration:You-attitude:Youearn2percentdiscountwhenyoupaycash.Wewillsendyouthebrochurenextmonth.Weallow2percentdiscountforcashpayment.Wewontbeabletosendyouthebrochurethismonth.Focusonthepositiveapproach:Wefeelsurethatyouwillbeentirelysatisfied.(Positive)Wedonotbelieveyouwillhavecausefordissatisfaction.(Negative),.,49,3)Completeness完整Abusinesslettershouldincludeallthenecessaryinformation.Itisessentialtocheckthemessagecarefullybeforeitissentout.Asyouworkhardforcompleteness,keepthefollowingguidelinesinmind:Whydoyouwritetheletter?Whatarethefactssupportingthereasons?Haveyouansweredthequestionsasked?一封商业信函应概况了各项必需的事项，如邀请信应说明时间、地点等，确忌寄出含糊不清的信件。,.,50,4)Clarity/Clearness清楚意思表达明确，要注意：Avoidusingthewordswhichhavedifferentunderstandingorunclearmeaning避免使用有歧义的文字;Payattentiontothepositionofthemodifiers注意修饰语所放的位置：Payattentiontotherationalityinlogic:注意语言的逻辑性,.,51,Comparison:,Wesentyou5samplesyesterdayofthegoodswhichyourequestedinyourletterofMay25byair.(Ambiguous)我方根据你方五月二十五日来函要求，昨日航邮5份样品给你。Wesentyou,byair,5samplesofthegoodsyesterdaywhichyourequestedinyourletterofMay25.(Clarity)根据你方五月二十五日来函要求，我方于昨日航邮5份样品给你。,.,52,5)Conciseness简洁Concisenessisoftenconsideredtobethemostimportantwritingprincipleandlanguagefeature.Concisenessalsomeansyoushouldclearlyexpresswhatyouwoulddoinashortandpithystyle短小精悍的写作方式ofwritingaspossibleasyoucan.Avoidusingwordyexpressions:避免废话连篇Avoidunnecessaryrepetition:避免不必要的重复Usingshortsentences,simplewordsandclearexplanations:短句、单词的运用Avoidtheout-of-datecommercialjargonsandtrytousemodernEnglish.不要使用过时的语言，要运用现代英语。,.,53,Comparison：,Wewouldliketoknowwhetheryouwouldallowustoextendthetimeofshipmentfortwentydaysandifyouwouldbesokindastoallowustodoso,kindlygiveusyourreplybyfaxwithoutdelay.(wordy)PleasereplybyfaximmediatelyifyouwillallowustodelaytheshipmentuntilApril21.(concise)TheyattendtheGuangzhouTradeFairforthepurposeoffindingabusinesspartner.TheyattendtheGuangzhouTradeFairtofindapartner.,.,54,Outofdatecommercialjargons:Duetothefactthat由于的事实Terminate结束Attachedhereto随函附Acknowledgereceiptof确认收到Inst.本月Uptothiswriting在写这封信的时候ModernEnglish:As,becauseorsinceEndEnclosedis/areThankyouforIreceivedThismonthSofar,.,55,6)Concreteness具体:Makethemessagespecific,definiteandvivid.Trytoheedthefollowingtips:Completewiththe6Ws:Who?What?Why?How?Where?When?Concretenessinaction:usingspecificlanguagetomakeourinformationmoreconcreteandconvincing;Usingconcretewords.Compare:ST858L5-BandStereoRadioCassetteRecorderisfullfunctions.ST858L5-BandStereoRadioCassetteRecordercandeliverssuperbFM/MW/LW/SW1/SW2/FMStereobandreception.Fullauto-stopandautomaticquickprogramsearch(AQPSsystem).自动快速搜索系统WehavedrawnonyouasusualunderyourL/C.WehavedrawnonyouoursightdraftNo.345fortheInvoiceamount,US$560.00,underyourL/CNo.234oftheChinaBank.,.,56,7)Correctness正确:Correctnessnotonlyreferstothecorrectgrammarrules,contents,andforms,butalsoaccuracyinstyle,languageandtyping.Usually,mistakeswithtonecanbeavoidedbyusingthefollowingtechniques:Placemoreemphasisonthereaderthanyourself;把重点放在读者身上，而不是你身上；Avoidextremecasesofhumility,flattery,andmodesty;避免过度谦卑、奉承和谦虚Avoidcondescension,kndisenn;避免傲慢Avoidlecturing避免说教,.,57,Grammarmistakesoftenoccurredinbusinesswriting:WithpronounsWithverbsWithconjunctionsWithsubjectsAvoidusingoverstatements:Accuratenumbers:Capitalletters:North,South,East,WestThenameandthebrandofacommodity:Thenameofdocuments:Thenameofthetransportationtools:,.,58,LayoutofaBusinessLetter商业信函的格式,ThreemajorformsIndentedForm缩格式BlockedForm齐头式ModifiedBlockedForm改良齐头式,.,59,缩格式示例,具体收信人和事由居中,日期靠右,段首缩格,结尾敬语和落款偏右,.,60,齐头式示例,除信头外全部左对齐,段落之间用空格,.,61,改良齐头式示例,案号和日期靠右,落款偏右,.,62,3Form,1)FullBlockFormInthefullblockform,alltypinglines,includingthoseforthedate,theinsidenameandaddress,thesalutation,thesubjectheadingandthecomplimentaryclose,everypartofaletteristypedfromtheleftmarginwithnoindention.完全平头式：凡是用打字机打上去的每一行字，包括日期、封内地址、事由和结尾礼词。都是从左边的空白边缘打起。,.,63,2)ModifiedBlockForm:simplifiedformissomewhatlikeFullblockform.Butsomepartsareomitted,suchassalutationandcomplimentaryclose.改良平