Pigment颜料PPT课件

.,1,Pigment,FunctioninCoating在涂料中的功能TypeofPigment颜料种类,.,2,FunctioninCoating,ColorantHidingFillerCorrosioninhibitorsGloss,.,3,PropertyofPigment颜料的特性,Crystal晶体形态Particlesize颗粒尺寸Particleshape颗粒形状WaterContain吸水性Acidity/Alkalescence酸碱性Surfaceareaandoilabsorption表面积和吸油量Hardness硬度,.,4,.,5,Conversionofpigmenttopaintcolor将颜料转变成涂料的颜色,Pigmentdispersionisrequiredtoreducetheagglomerationthatoccursinthepigmentdryingprocess.ThisisaveryimportanttopicthatIwillnotreallybecoveringinthispresentation.Pigmentthatisnotatthecorrectparticlesizewillnothavetheproperhue/chroma,hiding,durability,orotherinfluencesonfilmproperties.颜料分散维系小不聚集的颗粒在涂膜中提供颜色。当颜料的不到合适分散为正确颗粒时就的不到最佳的色调/饱和度，遮盖力，耐候性和其他涂膜性能Wetting润湿Shear/Dispersion剪切/分散Stabilization稳定,.,6,OrganicvsInorganicPigment,.,7,Prime(colored)Pigments着色颜料,无机颜料PK有机颜料无机颜料一般价廉，不易褪色，但不够鲜艳。有机颜料，其特点就是鲜艳，由于是人工合成化学品，故在使用时需试样观察与成膜主体材料有否反应，其二测试它的耐紫外性，有机颜料产品等级非常分明，有的极易褪色，有的性能能接近无机颜料，但价格高。,.,8,TypicalPigmentTiO2,Character性能TitaniumDioxidecontainsmostofthepropertiesofanidealwhitepigmentie.clarityofcolor,highresistancetomostchemicals,organicsolventsandheat,andmostimportantly,ahighrefractiveindex.Thislastpropertyallowstheproductionofhighlyopaquecoatings.二氧化钛是一种理想的白色颜料，如颜色透明，能抵抗多数的化学物质、有机溶剂，耐热，最重要是具有高折射率，遮盖力强。Hidingpower遮盖力Thehidingpowerisinfluencedbytherefractiveindexandthegranulometry.RutilehasahigherrefractiveindexandisthereforemoreopaqueWhiteness白度ChemicalResistance耐化学性IthasaneutralpH,agoodresistancetoalcalisolutions良好的耐碱性,.,9,TypicalPigment,表面活性剂,.,10,TiO2CrystallineStructure,RefractiveIndex=2.56Density=3.90,TetragonalCellsa=0.951nmb=0.379nmc=0.296nmd=0.459nm,RefractiveIndex=2.71Density=4.17,Rutile,.,11,MicronizedTiO2微化TiO2,Introducedintoautomotiveinthe1980s与90年代引入汽车工业Characteristics特点Particlesize-30-50nmversus200+nm纳米级Transparent透明性Createsauniqueeffectinmetalliccolors产生独特的金属效果Golden,yellowface正面金色效果Pastelblueflop侧面兰相,.,12,OthersWhitePigment,WhiteLead铅白该白色颜料与酸性粘接剂反应生成强硬及耐久的弹性漆膜ZincOxide-氧化锌在低酸指数的结合中，提高了颜料的润湿性，使分散更为容易，同时促使涂料粘度略为提高并减少了沉淀。在高酸指数的粘接剂里，在容器中会极度增稠。遮盖性低于钛白。Lithopone-锌钡白由BaSO4和ZnS两种组分可部分替代二氧化钛使用,.,13,BlackPigment,黑色颜料的性能取决于原料：有机黑色炭黑无机黑色：氧化铁，石墨植物黑色：桃木，木炭，藤蔓动物黑色：骨头，象牙有机和无机黑是非常重要的一类颜料，炭黑是最常用的黑色颜料。常用黑色颜料：炭黑石墨-防腐涂料中，不用于调色GRAPHITE948黑色氧化铁-具有极佳的耐溶剂性和化学稳定性，极好的耐久性和耐候性及耐晒性。着色力低，可用于色彩调配，可以进行多方控制。黑色云母状氧化铁苯胺黑-苯胺黑着色力强，分散能低，吸光性能非常强，颜色稳固性能十分好。因为在涂料中粘结性强，该颜料还能产生消光效果（具柔和的外观）。蒽醌黑,.,14,Functionsthroughstrongabsorptionof“all”wavelengths.由于黑颜料吸收所有光波“Tinting”blacksofmoderateparticlesizeandcost.着色黑颜料颗粒中等，价格适中“Jet”blacksofverysmallparticlesize强墨色黑颜料具有小颗粒，一般用Jetness来表示是黑度Surfaceoxidationdifferencesdependingonmanufacturemethods.工艺不同，表面氧化也不同Undertoneeffects.也是作为降低彩度,Carbonblack黑颜料,.,15,炭黑颜料的特性对涂料的影响,炭黑表面积(BET)涂料黑度提高-BET研磨浆粘度升高-BET涂料光泽降低-BET炭黑酸度涂料黑度提高研磨浆粘度减少涂料光泽增加,.,16,-Lowviscosity-LowConductivity-BlueUndertone,CarbonBlackMorphology炭黑形态,-Hardertodisperse-HighTintStrength-HighJetness,-Easytodisperse-WeakTintStrength-BrownUndertone,-HighViscosity-LowestLoading-HighConductive,.,17,EffectPigments,Natural天然Aluminum(natural,colored,Fe2O3layers)天然的氧化铝Mica云母片，贝壳Synthetic合成AluminumOxide(w/TiO2,Fe2O3layers)人工包覆上TiO2的氧化物Mica(w/TiO2,Fe2O3layers)人工包覆Angledependant,multilayer人工包覆多层GlassFlake玻璃片,.,18,EffectPigments特效颜料,Effectpigmentsarematerials,usuallyhavingaflakeorplate-likestructure小片或小碟状结构,thatcreateangle-dependentcolororvaluespecialeffects.效果颜料一般都是片状或者碟状结构，能够从不同角度产生颜色效果，得到不同于普通颜料的效果EffectsCreatedthrough:由于形状因素，产生的颜色主要因为光线在颜料上的Absorption吸收光Reflection反射光Interference干涉光Combination复合光造成不同的视觉效果,.,19,AluminumFlakePigments铝粉颜料,Introducedin1930s,conventionalaluminumismined,purifiedthenrefinedintopowderthatisballmilledintothinflakes铝粉颜料是40年代开始使用，传统型铝粉是铝矿提纯精化(研磨)成粉末加工而成NewVacuumMetallizedFlakes(VMF)orPVD（PhysicalVapour)DepositionFlakesarevapordepositedonareleasecoat/film,strippedoff,thensizedresultinginthin,uniformflakes.新型的铝粉颜料是-即电镀银铝浆或，他是铝粉汽化，沉淀到一层膜上，在揭下来，这样制造的颜料特点-薄(是传统型的5-10分之一)，而且颗粒均一,.,20,AluminumTypes,Leafing浮型:Lubricantislowsurface-energy,fattyacid(stearic-C18烷酸)whosenon-wettingcharacteristicscausethealuminumtomigratetoapaintsupperlayer,causingachrome铬-likeeffect.研磨使用到的润滑剂是低表面能的硬脂酸,由于其不润湿的特性，造成铝颜料迁移到涂料的表层，形成金属铬一样的效果。此颜料一般用于自行车，油墨等涂料中。Non-Leafing非浮型:Lubricantismoreeasilywettedfattyacid(suchasoleic-C18烯酸)thatallowsflakestofloatfreelythroughoutthefilm,whichcreatesstrongangle-dependenteffects.研磨使用到的润滑剂18油酸，它具有良好的润湿性，使得铝粉颜料在涂膜中各处悬浮，造成多角异色的效果,.,21,浮型铝浆与非浮性铝浆,浮型铝粉在涂膜中状态,非浮型铝粉在涂膜中状态,.,22,AluminumFlakes,.,23,Non-LeafingAluminumCharacteristics,侧面效果强,.,24,WaterborneTreatedAluminum用于水性涂料的铝粉,Aluminummetalexposedtowateroxidizes,affectingreflectivepropertiesandgeneratinghydrogengas.铝粉的两性，能在水性涂料里会产生气体“Passivation”prevents/minimizesreactionwithwater.在水性涂料里应用的铝粉要先钝化填加剂型-Organo-phosphatetreatment包覆型-Chromecoated包覆型-Inorganictreatment,.,25,Mica云母,Minedlamellarsilicate,groundandprocessedtoproducethinplatelets层状的硅酸铝矿物薄的小碟.Thebasicpearleffectisenhancedwithadditionofthinlayersofironoxideand/ortitaniumdioxidetoproduceinterferenceorcombinationinterference/absorptioncolors在其表面加上一层氧化铁/TiO2可以通过干涉/吸收而提高其珠光效果.ColorDependsonOxideThickness颜色由氧化物的厚度决定ExteriorGradesPost-TreatedforWeatheringandImprovedHumidityResistanceMicapigmentsintroducedintoautomotivepaintsinthe1970s.,.,26,TiO2CoatedMica,Lightstrikesamicaplateletandisreflectedfromthesurface.Aportionofthelightistransmittedthroughtheplatelettosubsequentmaterialinterfaceswhereitisreflectedagain.,.,27,MicaFlakes,.,28,40-60nm,60-80nm,80-100nm,100-140nm,120-160nm,ColorbylayerthicknessofTiO2,Micabasicpearlandinterference基本的珠光效果及干涉,.,29,Micaabsorptioncolors吸收光颜色,AbsorptionColorDependsonOxideColorandThickness吸收光的颜色取决于氧化物的颜色与厚度,Mica,Bronze,Fe2O3,Fe2O3,Mica,Russet黄褐色,Fe2O3,Fe2O3,.,30,OtherMicaCharacteristics云母的其他特征,Appearance外观ParticleSizeDistribution颗粒大小分布ConcentrationofMicaPigment浓度OrientationofMicaPlatelet取向DispersionofMica分散情况OtherProperties其他性质RelativelyLowHidingPower遮盖力相对低Canbeusedto“back”weakercoloredpigmentsfordurability可以用于加强其他较弱颜料的耐侯性,.,31,The“newmicas”新云母,Usesyntheticmaterialsformoresmoothandregularinnerlayer使用合成材料让内层结构更平滑，更有规律.Highchromaforbrightnessanddramatictravel很高的彩度，因而明亮，颜色跳动明显.ExpensiveUsematerialswitheitherveryreflectivepropertiesorinterestingrefractiveindexdifferencesforstronginterferenceeffects用反射性很高或折射率差很特殊的材料来产生很强的干涉效果.Highsparkle闪耀性高Angle-dependentcolor随角异色,.,32,The“newmicas”,EMD(Merck)Xirallic-syntheticaluminumoxidebase合成氧化铝为底料HighchromaHighreflectivepropertiesatrelativelysmallparticlesizeColorstream-syntheticamorphoussilicabase合成无定形硅为底料Clean,angle-dependentcolorshiftBASFPaliocromBluenewinterferencelayer新干涉层PaliocromCoppercrystallineironoxidebase结晶型氧化铁为底料,.,33,HolographicPigments全息衍射颜料,IntroducedtoAutomotiveinMid1990sGeometricPigments几何结构颜料ParticleTransparentpolyesterfilm,thicknessof12micronsEmbossedwithholographiclightrecording浮雕衍射材料Metallizedwithaluminum(opticaldensityof2.0to2.5)加铝以金属化Cutintoparticles陷入颗粒内部Effect“Diamond”likereflectionoflight像钻石一样的反光Colors:silver,pewter白镴,gold,copperParticleSize:100 x100/100 x50/50 x50microns,.,34,Glass,IntroducedintoAutomotiveinlate1990sBeads小珠Chips小块Flakes小片TiO2CoatedSilverCoatedMetalCoated,.,35,Glass,BeadsandChipsdonotgenerallyhaveanestheticallyvaluableeffect美观效果FlakescanshowstrongeffectsTiO2-coatedflaketoolargeforautomotiveapplicationSilverandMetal-Coatedshowmostpotential,.,36,Glass,CharacteristicsofGlassFlakesVerythinVerybrightmirror-likesparkle镜面式的明亮闪光ParticleSizeDistribution,.,37,Glass,.,38,Organicpigments有机颜料,Selectiveabsorption/reflectionbasedonaspecificchromophore：发色基团吸收和反射Organicstructure,includingauxochrome有机结构和助色基团Crystallinestructure晶形结构Particlesizeandshape颗粒大小和形状Surfaceeffects表面效果(Thesepropertiesallalsoaffectrheology,durability,andotherpaintproperties),.,39,CrystalChemistry晶体化学,Modifications多晶形Severalpigmentsexistinpolymorphicforms有些颜料存在多晶形结构Affectsproperties/color影响颜色性质Phthalocyanine酞菁蓝alpha=reddishblueBeta=greenishblueQuinacridoneBeta=VioletGamma=Red,.,40,Generaleffectsofparticlesize颜料颗粒与效果关系,LargerOpacity不透明性Lightfastness耐光性Chemicalresistance耐化学性Dispersability分散性Betterrheologyindispersedsystems良好的流变性SmallerTransparency透明性Highertinctorialstrength好的着色性,.,41,OrganicPigmentManufacture有机颜料的合成工艺,TypicalOrganicsynthesestoproducebasicmolecule(crudepigment).有机合成成原始颜料分子Refinementofcrystaltypeandsize,particleshape,andpurity.精化晶体形状大小纯度Surfacetreatment表面处理Isolationofpigmentfromaqueousslurry(filteredtoabout40%pigment)从水料浆中分离Drying,packaging干燥包装,.,42,OrganicColorsRed,Quinacridones二羟基喹啉并吖啶Perylenes二萘嵌苯DiketoPyrrolopyrroles(DPP)二酮吡咯并吡咯SolidSolutions(DPP/Quinacridones)Naphthols萘酚大红粉Anthraquinones蒽醌,.,43,Quinacridone二羟基喹啉并吖啶,Versatilepigmentinredtovioletfamily广泛应用的颜料GoodtoexcellentDurability耐候性好GoodChemicalResistance/Stability良好的耐化性RangeofhuesandTransparency广泛的色调和透明性Durabilityderivedfromamountofhydrogenbondingoccurringbetweenmoleculesacrossthecarbonyl(-C=O)andimino(-N-H)ringatoms分子间羰基和亚氨基产生氢键的数目决定耐候性的好坏,.,44,Quinacridonesofinterest喹吖（二）酮,“Lineartrans-quinacridone,”showingproposedinter-molecularhydrogenbonding.线形排布喹吖二酮氢键,PV19Ciba（PP-26-5792):unsubstituted