南林研究生英语复习(上).doc

Unit 1 Words and expressions 1 scramble = struggle = compete 竞争2 company = firm = business = venture =corporate公司，企业3 一年半载 the next six months to a year4 come from = stem from = derive from源于5 complacency = satisfaction 满足，安逸 complancent = satisfied 6 瞬息万变 a rapidly changing 7 work = useful = function 行得通8 未必，不一定 not necessarily 9 tear apart = throw away = discard 抛弃10 lull : calm ones fear esp. by deception 哄骗 be lulled to do sth 被忽悠做 be lulled into sth 被欺骗 eg. be lulled into a false sense of security11 capitalize on = take advantage of 利用12 gourmet = delicious = tasty 美味的；美食家13 at premium price = above the normal price 高于一般价格14 obsolete = out-of-date 过时的15精于算计的人 bean counter16 implement = put into effect = carry out 贯彻；执行17 be stuck in a rut/trench/routine of be obsessed with satisfaction 沉溺于满足 become a fixed way of thinking 陷入某种思维定式18 make ones sales pitch = sell ones products 19 beat one to the punch = act before other people 先发制人 20想出 come up with 21 in a row = one after another = successively 连续不断地22 come out of woodwork 纷纷登场(esp. sth not very pleasant)23 discredit = distrust 不信任24 ridicule = mock = laugh at 嘲讽25 be little = look down upon 轻视26 instant coverage = quick reporting 快报27 viewership = audience 观众28 从众思维herdbrain thinking 29 innovation = creative thinking 创新Unit 2 Words and expressions 1 manure = fertilizer 肥料2停车场 parking lots 3 使某人大吃一惊 take sb by surprise4 冒着的危险 run the risk of 5 blandness = tasteless 淡而无味的6 at the outset = at the beginning 7 装着高贵的，假斯文的 genteel 8 密切关注 take a closer look at 9 uneasy = worried 10 clear = past 通过11 review = examination 审核12 生物科技 biotech13 繁荣时期 boom times booms and slumps/recessions 繁荣和萧条14 produce shelves = agricultural products 农产品15 对质疑 question 16 难免犯错的 fallible 17 摆弄，捣乱 go mucking about/around with 18 wind up = end in 以告终；定居在19 欧盟 European Union 20 tweak from = rebellion against 对的反抗 21 intimidate = frighten/threaten 威胁22 economic might = economic power/strength 经济实力23 address = deal with 致力于，着手做24 portend = warn给以警告25 by no means = not at all 决不26 dream up = design 设计27 make a hit = be popular/successful 获得成功28 tweeze out = pick out 提取29 knit into = plant into 植入30 souped-up = strengthened = cement 增强的31 yield = output = production 产量32 so much so that = to such an extent that 到如此程度33 churn out = produce in large quantity 大量地粗制滥造34 trigger allergies = cause allergies 引起过敏35 scrap the product = discard the product 抛弃36 some strains of = some types/kinds of 37 jumpy = nervous = worried 神精质，不安38 fussy = become too careful about 过分注重细节39 effectively = in fact 实际上40 outlawed = illegal = banned = contraband 不合法的41 moratorium = ban 禁止42 in the midst of = in the middle of 在中43 catfight = dispute = disagreement 争论44 be high on the agenda (议事日程) = be important 45首席执行官 chief executive officer ( CEO)46 gamble on = invest in 投资47 sweet on = fond of 喜欢48 perch = settle/rest 停靠；栖息49 mire in = in difficulty 陷入困境50 wade in = intervene 干预51 lobby = persuade 游说52有最终决定权 have the final word/say Translation1 Around the world people are taking a closer look at the genetic make-up of what theyre eating - and growing uneasy with what they see. Over the past decade, genetically modified (GM) food has become an increasingly common phenomenon as scientists have rewoven the genes of countless fruits and vegetables, turning everyday crops into uber-crops (able to resist frost, withstand herbicides and even produce their own pesticides.) In all, more than 4 500 GM plants have been tested, and at least 40 - including 13 varieties of corn, 11 varieties of tomatoes and four varieties of soybeans - have cleared government reviews. 复合句先翻译从句再翻译主句全世界的人民都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成-并越发地为他们所看到的一切感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵抗霜冻、经得起除草剂甚至能生产自己的杀虫剂的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4，500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆已经通过了政府的审核。2 But one countrys moratorium is another countrys protectionism, and the U.S. is suspicious of Europes action. Tension between the U.S. and the E. U. was already running high recently after Europe decided to continue a ban on hormone-raised U.S. beef and the U.S. hit back with a100% tariff on some E. U. food exports. Coming in the midst of such a catfight, the GM ban looks like vengeance as much as prudence. Whats more, if Europe is so worried about GM products, why is it growing them? France produces its own small crop of GM corn and uses more of the stuff than any other country in Europe. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国已在怀疑欧洲的举动。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口荷尔蒙饲养的美国牛肉(含有荷尔蒙的牛肉; 使用荷尔蒙添加剂饲养的牛肉)，而美国又通过对欧洲出口的食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因禁令与其说是审慎，不如说是报复。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产了自己的小型转基因玉米，而且使用得比其它欧洲国家更多。Unit 4Words and expressions 1 set aside for = use specifically for 专门用于2 manual = guide book 手册3 casual reader = common/ordinary reader 普通读者4 leaft through = turn the pages through 翻书5 extraordinary =exotic foreign 外来的 unusual 不同寻常的6 trivially = unimportantly 不重要的7 catch the blight = suffer the blight 得了枯萎病8 in spots = in some places 有些地方9 dead = gone = passed over = departed 去世10 amiable = friendly = good-tempered 友好的，和蔼可亲的11 spectacle = scene 场景，景象12 behold = see 看见13 wince = draw back 退缩，萎缩14 令人厌恶的人或事 abomination 15 plausible = seemingly reasonable 看似有理的16 at the instance of = instantly = immediately 立刻 17 药理学的 pharmacological pharmacology = the study of medicine biology18 property = quality = characteristic 性质，特点19摇晃 dangle20 无精打采的；迟缓的 languid 21 administer = put into = give an injection to 注射 =manage 管理22 基于直觉的想法 hunch 23 close call = narrow escape 幸免于难；死里逃生24 throw up = vomit 呕吐25 languid = tired 疲倦的26 feeble = weak 虚弱的27 mingle with = mix with 28 mortally = deadly = fatal致命地；致命的29 live off = live on 靠生活30 indispensable = essential = necessary 必不可少的 Translation1 It seemed to me that my life was hanging only by the tip of my lips.I closed my eyes in order,it seemed to me,to help push it out,and took pleasure in growing languid and letting myself go.It was an idea（that was only floating on the surface of my soul）,as delicate and feeble as all the rest,but in truth not only free from distress but mingled with that sweet feeling (that people have who have let themselves slide into sleep).I believe that this is the same state in which people find themselves（whom we see fainting in the agony of death),and I maintain that we pity them without causeIn order to get used to the idea of death,I find there is nothing like coming close to it. 在我看来，生命似乎就像呡在两片嘴唇之间。我闭上眼睛，好像就要把它挤出去了。我感觉自己越来越疲倦，在慢慢地逝去，但我却感觉到了快乐。这只是在我心中浮现的一种念头，与其它东西一样，脆弱无力。但实际上，这种念头不仅能解除人们心头的悲伤，而且还夹杂着一种人在进入梦乡时才有的那种甜蜜的感觉。我相信这与我们见过的那些因临死时的痛苦而昏厥的人所处的状态是一样的。我认为我们同情他们是毫无理由的。为了习惯死亡的概念，我觉得没有什么能比临近死亡更有用了。2 Pain is useful for avoidance,for getting away when theres time to get away,but when it is end game,and no way back,pain is likely to be turned off,and the mechanisms for this are wonderfully precise and quick.If I had to design an ecosystem in which creatures had to live off each other and in which dying was an indispensable part of living,I could not think of a better way to manage.痛苦可以让人避免许多东西，也可以让人在有时间逃脱的时候逃脱。但如果是到了最后的关头，没有回头路可走了，痛苦很可能就像闸门一样被关掉，它的运行机制是如此的精准和迅速，让人惊叹。如果让我来设计这样一个生态系统，生物在其中相互依赖着生存，死亡是其不可或缺的部分，那我是想不到一个比此更好的管理方法了。Unit 6Words and expressions1 deteriorate = worsen 变坏，恶化2 nurture = nourish 滋养Vt3 come up with = bring forth = put forward 提出，想出4 not be anywhere close to being solved = far from being solved 远远没有达到被解决的境地5 protocol = treaty = agreement = accord = resolution 公约，决议6 call for 号召= advocate 提倡 = require 要求7 逐步停止 phaseout : a gradual stopping 8 finger = point out 指出9 assault = attack 袭击10 spur = boost = galvanize = stimulate 刺激，激励11 temperate region = temperate zone 温带地区12 dip = decrease = go down = drop = decline 下降13 proceed on schedule = proceed as planned/arranged 准时，按预定时间进行14 observe = comment = say 15 recharge = refill 重新充满，再填充16 comply with = comform to = obey 遵守17 recuperate = recover 复原18 critical = important 关键的19 ward off = prevent = keep away from = stop 阻挡，排除20 wreck = destroy = damage = disrupt 毁坏21 shift = change = switch 改变22 减排 reduce emissions23 能效 energy efficiency 24 exempt from = free from 免除，豁免25 pilot project = experimental project 试点计划26 laggard = fall behind 落后27 wear thin = become ineffective 逐渐无效= cant hold water 站不住脚28 专家组 panel: a group of experts 29 scenario = prospect = outlook 预想，设想的前景30 可持续的 sustainable 31 combat = fight against 32 precedent = example = instance 先例33 mitigate = moderate 缓和34 conventional = traditional 传统的 Translation1 If good intentions and good ideas were all it took to save the deteriorating atmosphere,the planets fragile layers of air would be as good as fixed.The two great damagers threatening the blanket of gases (that nutures and protects life on earth)global warming and the thinning ozone layerhave been identified.Better yet,scientists and policymakers have come up with effective though expensive coutermeasures.如果仅靠良好的用心与正确的观念就能挽救逐步恶化中的大气层，那么地球上这一层脆弱的空气就能固若金汤了。人们已经确认了对滋养并保护着地球上生命的这一层大气造成威胁的两大危险：全球变暖和臭氧层变薄。更喜人的是，科学家和决策者已经提出了虽昂贵但切实有效的对策。2 The good news is that this gloomy scenario may galvanize the words governments into taking serious action.The first line of action should be “no regrets” actionschanges that will be beneficial no matter how much of a threat global warming turns out to be.Among them:promoting the use of energy-efficient appliances and cars.But the IPCC report makes it clear that nations must do more.For example,though its now more costly to generate electricity from solar cells than from gas or coal,using the suns clean energy could save money (that would otherwise have to be spent in the future combating the effects of global warming).好消息是，这幅令人担忧的景象也许能刺激各国政府认真地采取行动。首要的行动应该是“不会后悔”的行动也就是无论全球变暖会成为多么严重的威胁，采取行动后引发的变化都会是有益的。这些行动包括：提倡使用节能电器和节能汽车。但IPCC的报告明确表示各国该做的还远不止这些。比如，虽然现在用太阳能电池发电比用汽油或煤炭发电昂贵，可是利用干净的太阳能来发电可以省钱。否则的话，这笔钱在以后将不得不花在对抗全球升温的恶果上。Unit 8一 课后生词1 intercept = stop;seize 阻挡，拦截2 macrocosmic 宏观世界的；宇宙的3 insults = damage 破环4 urban sprawl 城市无限制的扩展5 die-off = die one by one 顺次死亡6 machete = knife 7 per-capita = of/for/by each person 人均adj.8 copious = opulent = plentiful 丰富的9 undoing = the cause of ruin,failure 灭亡、失败等的原因n.10 frenzy = disturbance 狂乱 eg: in the frenzy 在狂乱中 drive sb to frenzy 使某人发狂 be frenzied with joy 狂喜 work oneself up into a frenzy 自己使自己忙得一团糟11 hubris = arrogance = pride 狂傲二 课文中单词及短语1 conceal = hide 掩盖2 exemplify = give an example 3 manifestation = expression 表现4 merchandise = goods 5 live out = die naturally6 biocide = pestcide 杀虫剂7 lay people. lay = nonprofessional 非专业人士8 lord = master 主人9 turn back the clock = fight against natural selection 逆自然法则而行10 underlying = basic/fundamental 基本的，根本的11 accompany = along with 伴随，陪同12 stunning = surprising 令人吃惊的13 sheer = only 14 account for = be responsible for 对负有责任15 contribute to = lead to 16 impact = influence 影响17 be akin to = be similar to 与相似18 a wide divergence of oppinion. divergence = difference 关于意见分歧很大19 adequately = enough 充分地20 decline = decrease 21 abuse = bad use 滥用22 decent = adequate 适当的，足够的23 necessitate = make be necessary 使成为必要24 oppress = crush 压迫25 conq