在RHEL5.2上安装Oracle数据库10g.doc

在RHEL5.2上安装Oracle数据库10g（一）oracle10gredhatrhel5.2安装it在安装RHEL 5.2 记录（一）一文中介绍，为了安装Oracle，所以开始先学习安装RHEL5.2。经过一些摸索，终于搭建起了RHEL环境，包括中文的语言环境（尽管这个对安装Oracle并没有太多的帮助，这篇文章就是在RHEL下写的，嘿嘿）。又经过几天的折腾，也在RHEL5.2上将Oracle 10g(32位版)安装成功了。尽管网络上有很多参考文章，但还是比较多坎坷和曲折，所以还是记录一下，以备以后查询。本文主要参考文章是Oracle官方安装手册在Linux x86 上安装Oracle 数据库10g。尽管也参考了网络上其他文章，但最后发现，还是这篇文章最准确和清晰。一、安装RHEL5.2这部分没有特殊需要介绍的，基本上Step by Step即可，并且之后如果有需要也可以在后面进行配置或者安装其他包。这部分可参考我的安装RHEL记录：安装RHEL 5.2 记录（一）和安装RHEL 5.2 记录（二）。二、针对Oracle配置RHEL5.2需要检查安装 Oracle 10g 所需的所有程序包和更新以及对系统进行配置，以便具备相应的环境。2.1RHEL5.2内核版本(root)检查RHEL5.2内核版本:rootRHEL #uname -r2.6.18-92.el5xen2.2Oracle10g所需程序包(root)检查Oracle 10g安装所需要的内核版本:rootRHEL #rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotifgcc-4.1.2-42.el5make-3.81-3.el5binutils-.6-6.el5openmotifis not installed查询其他包安装情况：rootRHEL #rpm -q gcc make binutils openmotif setarch compat-db compat-gcc compat-gcc-c+ compat-libstdc+ compat-libstdc+-develgcc-4.1.2-42.el5make-3.81-3.el5binutils-.6-6.el5openmotif-2.3.0-0.5.el5setarch-2.0-1.1compat-db-4.2.52-5.1package compat-gcc is not installedpackage compat-gcc-c+ is not installedpackage compat-libstdc+ is not installedpackage compat-libstdc+-devel is not installed那么安装之。这些包在RHEL的DVD安装盘上的server目录下都有，只要找到安装即可。rootRHEL#cd /media/RHEL_5.2 i386 DVD/ServerrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh setarch-2*warning: setarch-2.0-1.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%package setarch-2.0-1.1 is already installedrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh setarch-2*warning: setarch-2.0-1.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%package setarch-2.0-1.1 is already installedrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh make-3*warning: make-3.81-3.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%package make-3.81-3.el5 is already installedrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh glibc-2*warning: glibc-2.5-24.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186warning: package glibc = 2.5-24 was already added, skipping glibc 2.5-24error: error reading from file glibc-2.5-24.i686.rpmrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh libaio-0*warning: libaio-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%package libaio-0.3.106-3.2 is already installedrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc+-33-3*warning: compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%package compat-libstdc+-33-3.2.3-61 is already installedrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-3*warning: compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%1:compat-gcc-34# 100%rootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh compat-gcc-34-c+-3*warning: compat-gcc-34-c+-3.4.6-4.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%1:compat-gcc-34-c+# 100%rootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh gcc-4*warning: gcc-4.1.2-42.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%package gcc-4.1.2-42.el5 is already installedrootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh libXp-1*warning: libXp-1.0.0-8.1.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%1:libXp# 100%rootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh openmotif-2*warning: openmotif-2.3.0-0.5.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%1:openmotif# 100%rootRHEL Server#rpm -Uvh compat-db-4*warning: compat-db-4.2.52-5.1.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186Preparing.# 100%1:compat-db# 100%安装完成后，再次查询，可能发现如下包依然没有安装：package compat-gcc is not installedpackage compat-gcc-c+ is not installedpackage compat-libstdc+ is not installedpackage compat-libstdc+-devel is not installed但是，如果再次安装的，又会提示already installed。后来也没管了，安装Oracle 10g会正常通过。2.3验证系统要求(root)rootRHEL#grep MemTotal /proc/meminfoMemTotal:1086464 kBrootRHEL#grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfoSwapTotal:2031608 kB所需最小 RAM 为 512MB，而所需最小交换空间为 1GB。对于 RAM 小于或等于 2GB 的系统，交换空间应为 RAM 数量的两倍；对于 RAM 大于 2GB 的系统，交换空间应为 RAM 数量的一到两倍。Oracle 10g 软件还需要 2.5GB 的可用磁盘空间，而数据库则另需 1.2GB 的可用磁盘空间。/tmp 目录至少需要 400MB 的可用空间。要检查系统上的可用磁盘空间，运行以下命令：rootRHEL#df -hFilesystemSizeUsed Avail Use% Mounted on/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol0018G5.4G11G33% /dev/sda1244M14M218M6% /boottmpfs531M0531M0% /dev/shm/dev/hdc2.9G2.9G0 100% /media/RHEL_5.2 i386 DVD以上是我虚拟机的环境，我只在虚拟机上挂了一个盘。2.4创建 Oracle 组和用户帐户(root)rootRHEL#/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstallrootRHEL#/usr/sbin/groupadd dbarootRHEL#/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oraclerootRHEL#/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oraclerootRHEL#id oracleuid=500(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba)rootRHEL#passwd oracleChanging password for user oracle.New password:Retype new password:passwd:all authentication tokens updated successfully.2.5创建安装目录(root)创建存储 Oracle 10g 软件和数据库文件的目录。在创建目录结构时所用的命名惯例符合最佳灵活结构 (OFA) 规范。rootRHEL#mkdir -p /usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1rootRHEL#mkdir -p /usr/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/oradatarootRHEL#mkdir -p /usr/app/oracle/installrootRHEL#chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/app/oraclerootRHEL#chmod -R 775 /usr/app/oracle创建/usr/app/oracle/install目录是用作安装Oracle的位置，随便放在/mnt/Ora10G也是一样。2.6配置 RHEL5.2 内核参数(root)Linux 内核非常出色。与大多数其他UNIX 系统不同，Linux 允许在系统启动和运行时修改大多数内核参数。完成内核参数更改后不必重新启动系统。Oracle 数据库 10g 需要以下所示的内核参数设置。其中给出的是最小值，因此如果您的系统使用的值较大，则不要更改它。kernel.shmall = 2097152kernel.shmmax = 2147483648kernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000具体地，是修改/etc/sysctl.conf的内容。通常，网上使用cat或者vi来编辑该文件。其实，gedit比这些都好用多了，并且对照来看看哪些参数可以设置了，尤其是cat只是追加上去，可能会造成一个参数有多个配置。下面是我的配置情况：# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.See sysctl(8) and# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.# Controls IP packet forwardingnet.ipv4.ip_forward = 0# Controls source route verificationnet.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1# Do not accept source routingnet.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernelkernel.sysrq = 0# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applicationskernel.core_uses_pid = 1# Controls the use of TCP syncookiesnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1# Controls the maximum size of a message, in byteskernel.msgmnb = 65536# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queuekernel.msgmax = 65536# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes# 这个值本身比推荐值大，所以保持不变kernel.shmmax = 4294967295# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages# 这个值本身比推荐值大，所以保持不变kernel.shmall = 268435456# For Oracle Installkernel.shmmni = 4096kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128fs.file-max = 65536net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000# 这几个参数不在Oracle文档内。在Oracle安装自检时，却会检测这些参数。net.core.rmem_default = 262144net.core.rmem_max = 262144net.core.wmem_default = 262144net.core.wmem_max = 262144增加的这几个参数(rmem_default、rmem_max、wmem_default、wmem_max)，一开始我没设置，在Oracle安装自检时会报警告错误。这部分提前说明，具体警报信息如下：oracleRHEL oracle$cd /usr/app/oracle/installoracleRHEL install$./runInstallerStarting Oracle Universal Installer.Checking installer requirements.Checking operating system version: must be redhat-3, SuSE-9,redhat-4, UnitedLinux-1.0, asianux-1 or asianux-2PassedAll installer requirements met.Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2008-12-30_04-17-29PM. Please wait .Checking operating system requirements .Expected result: One of redhat-3,redhat-4,SuSE-9,asianux-1,asianux-2Actual Result: redhat-4Check complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed=Checking operating system package requirements .Checking for make-3.79; found make-1:3.81-3.el5.PassedChecking for binutils-2.14; found binutils-.6-6.el5.PassedChecking for gcc-3.2; found gcc-4.1.2-42.el5.PassedChecking for libaio-0.3.96; found libaio-0.3.106-3.2.PassedCheck complete. The overall result of this check is: Passed=Checking kernel parametersChecking for semmsl=250; found semmsl=250.PassedChecking for semmns=32000; found semmns=32000.PassedChecking for semopm=100; found semopm=100.PassedChecking for semmni=128; found semmni=128.PassedChecking for shmmax=536870912; found shmmax=4294967295.PassedChecking for shmmni=4096; found shmmni=4096.PassedChecking for shmall=2097152; found shmall=268435456.PassedChecking for file-max=65536; found file-max=65536.PassedChecking for VERSION=2.6.9; found VERSION=2.6.18-92.el5xen.PassedChecking for ip_local_port_range=1024 - 65000; found ip_local_port_range=1024 - 65000.PassedChecking for rmem_default=262144; found rmem_default=109568.Failed Checking for rmem_max=262144; found rmem_max=131071.Failed Checking for wmem_default=262144; found wmem_default=109568.Failed Checking for wmem_max=262144; found wmem_max=131071.Failed Check complete. The overall result of this check is:Failed select instance_name,status from v$instance;INSTANCE_NAMESTATUS- -orclOPENSQL select sysdate from dual;SYSDATE-31-DEC-08好像万事大吉了。可当我登录EM，却显示数据库未启动，并且Listener也没起来。可刚才SQL里明明是已经启动了。检查一下监听器的状态：oracleRHEL $lsnrctlLSNRCTL for Linux: Version .0 - Production on 31-DEC-2008 12:30:31Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.All rights reserved.Welcome to LSNRCTL, type help for information.LSNRCTL servicesConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)TNS-12541: TNS:no listenerTNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter errorTNS-00511: No listenerLinux Error: 111: Connection refusedConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=RHEL.)(PORT=1521)TNS-12541: