ukhistory英国历史(英语国家概况)

BriefBritishHistory,KikiZhang,EnglishHistory,BeforetheMiddleAgesTheMiddleAgesThe16thCenturyThe17thCenturyThe18thCenturyThe19thCenturyThe20thCentury,BeforetheMiddleAges,TheStoneAgehuntersandgatherersof10,000yearsagoTheNeolithicAge（新石器时代）Stonehenge(2000B.C.to1500B.C.)Celticpeoples(700B.C.)Historyofinvasions1.TheRomans(1st-5thcentury)2.TheAngles,SaxonsandJutes(5th-8thcentury)3.TheVikingraidersfromScandinavia(911thcentury)4.TheNormanConquest(1066),Back,StoneHenge(石林，巨石阵),CelticPeople,Originalinhabitants-theCelts凯尔特人Britons,atribeofCelts.,TheRomans,Firstlandingin55BCCompletecontroloverthelandin43ADleavinginaround410ADRomaninfluence,RomanInfluence,introductionofChristianitytheLatinlanguageromanlaws,taxes,engineeringskills,architectureRomansocialsystemSystemofwritingandnumberingthefirstwrittendescriptionofthelandappeared,TheAngles,SaxonsandJutes（盎格魯人，撒克逊人，朱特人）,ThreeGermanictribesfromnowDenmarkandnorthernGermanyGradualcontrolofthecountryfrom450to600ThemakingofaUnitedKingdom,England,awholepeople,theEnglishTransitionfromtribalsociety（部落社会）intofeudalsociety（封建社会）,Back,VikingRaiders（维京强盗）,Scandinaviaincludes4countries:Sweden,Norway,Denmark,IcelandAbout787,theEnglishbegantobetroubledbybandsofDanishVikings.Atfirst,theDanescameonlyonplunderingthecountry.Gradually,however,theycametomakepermanentsettlement.,TheNormanConquest诺曼征服,WilliamofNormandy(orWilliamtheConqueror)KingHaroldofEngland哈罗德国王theBattleofHastings黑斯廷斯之战NormanConquestTheFrench-speakingNormansunderDukeWilliamcamein1066.AfterdefeatingtheEnglishatHastings,WilliamwascrownedasKingofEngland.Revoltswerecruellysuppressedandtheconquestwascompletedwithswordandfire.Normaninfluence,Back,NormanInfluence,afirmlyestablishedfeudalsystemamuchstrongercontroloverthecountrybytheRomebackedCatholicChurchFrenchastheofficiallanguage,TheMiddleAges,TheMiddleAges(10661485)TheCrusadesTheOneHundredYearsWarwithFrance(1337-1453)JoanofArcTheBlackDeath(1348-1369),Return,TheCrusades十字军东征,Aseriesofwars(from11thto14thcenturies)inwhicharmiesfromalloverEuropetriedtosnatchthe“HolyLand”(i.e.Palestine,whereJesusChristoncelived)fromthe“Infidels”异教徒；不信正统宗教者(i.e.theMuslims).,Back,Back,TheBlackDeath,3plagues,在1348年，一场瘟疫或者黑死病通过从亚洲来的商人来到欧洲，并被在那些商人的商船里的老鼠传播开来。黑死病在1348年到1353年这短短的五年时间里夺去了欧洲大陆近三分之一的人口。,The16thCentury,TheWarsoftheRosesANewMonarchyTheReformationMovement/ProtestantMovementBloodyMaryTheReignofQueenElizabethI),Return,WaroftheRoses,Thewarlasted30years(14551485)Thereare2familiesHouseofYork(whiterose)HouseofLancaster(redrose),改编自畅销历史小说的白王后发生在英国“玫瑰战争时期”这是15世纪在亨利六世、爱德华四世和理查三世统治期间的一场英国内战，在以白玫瑰为族徽的约克家族和以红玫瑰为族徽的兰开斯特家族之间展开。这是一个描述爱、损失、诱惑、欺骗、背叛和谋杀的故事，三个来历不同但却拥有相同野心的女人在争夺王位的斗争中展开殊死较量。,Anewmonarchy,Henry,foundedtheTudorDynasty(都铎王朝)-acentralizedmonarchyofatotallynewtype.,ReformationMovement,TheRomanCatholicChurchhadlongbeenburdensometotheKingofEnglandHenrysneedforadivorceleadtoarowwiththePopeHenrycounteredbydissolvingtheRomanCatholicChurchinBritainandsettinguptheChurchofEnglandProtestantism,BloodyMary,Counter-ReformationMovementMarywasaCatholicandamilitantCatholic283ProtestantmartyrsburntthewholeislandwasconvulsedwiththeReformationandCounter-Reformationforhalfacentury.,BloodyMary,Elizabeth,TudorDynastyHenry1485-1509Henry1509-1547Edward1547-1553Mary1553-1558Elizabeth15581603,QueenElizabeth,The17thCentury,JamesRevolution/TheCivilWar(16421649)AroundtheKing(CharlesI&“DivineRight”)AroundtheParliamentTheRestorationTheGloriousRevolution,Return,James,In1603,QueenElizabethdiedchildlessJamesofScotlandJamesofEnglandIn1707,ScotlandjoinedtheUnion,TheRestorationPeriod王朝复辟,KingCharlesKingJames,TheGloriousRevolution,Mary（詹姆士二世女儿）William,PrinceofOrange奥兰治亲王ConstitutionalMonarchy,The18thCentury,VictoryoverFranceTheBattleofWaterloo1815TheBattleofTrafalgar1805，英军在这场海战中击败了拿破仑的法国西班牙联合舰队,法国海军司令被俘虏,英国海军司令纳尔逊海军上将中弹阵亡。TheIndustrialRevolutionInventionofthesteamengineFactoriesandcoal-minesmultipliedwithbigtownsspringupConflictsbetweenlaborandcapitalLossofAmericancoloniesThe“PilgrimFathers”andtheshipMayflowerDeclarationofIndependence,Return,The19thCentury,ReformationinBritainToovercomesocialproblemsTomakeParliamentmorerepresentativeToimprovelocalgovernmentandsocialservicesProgressincommunicationsRailwaynetworkandsteamship,telegraphyandelectrictelephone,electriclighting,electrictrams,thePennyPostVictorianAgethemonarchfrom1837to1901,Return,The20thCentury,TheSecondWorldWarTheBattleofBritainIndependenceofmostofthecolonies“secondfiddle”TheUnitedNationsandthe“threeworlds”The“ColdWar”betweenRussiaandtheWestNewdiscoveriesandnewtechniquesMotor-car,thewireless,theairplane,nuclearwar,spacerockets,menonthemoon,entertainmentlikegramophone,cinema,radioandtelevision,etc.,Return,The20thCentury,Acen