unit7 答案.doc

Unit7Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:English is the most widely used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings can speak it. More than half of the worlds books and three quarters of international mail are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary perhaps as many as two million words and one of the noblest bodies of literature.Nonetheless, lets face it. English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant, neither pine or apple in pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. English muffins werent invented in England or French fries in France. Sweetmeats are candy, while sweetbreads, which arent sweet, are meat.Sometimes I wonder if all English speakers should be sent to a madhouse. In what other-132-Appendix Ilanguage do people drive on a parkway and park in a driveway? Ship by truck and send cargo by ship?1 Have noses that run and feet that smell?2How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise guy and a wise man3 are opposites? How can overlook and oversee are opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?You have to marvel at the glorious messiness of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down, in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which your alarm clock goes off by going on.English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race, which, of course, isnt a race at all. That is why when stars are out they are visible, but when the lights are out they are invisible. And why, when I wind up my watch I start it, but when I wind up this speech I end it.Part II Text AText Organization 1.PartsParagraphsMain IdeasPart OneParas 1-3Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.Part TwoParas 4-16Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.Part ThreeParas 17-19Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.1 Ship by truck and send cargo by ship: The first ship means send, the second one a large boat.2 Have noses that run and feet that smell: This refers to what people usually say have a running nose, have smelly feet.3 a wise guy and a wise man: The former refers to a person who pretends to know more than he does; the latter to a man of unusual learning.Appendix I- 1882.Paras 4-9The introduction of the Indo-European language the parent language of En-riyioj won-gkshParas 10-11Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words Old EnglishPara 12The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and LatinPara 13The Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old NorsePara 14The Norman Conquest French influencePara 15The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin and GreekPara 16The American revolution the emergence of a new variety American EnglishVocabularyI. 1. 1) independent2) Strictly speaking3) drifted4) resembles5) virtually6) invaded7) conquered8) fascinating9) snack10) will be put into practice11) classics.12) source 13) climate14) surrendered15) were . aroused2.1) In the United States, private cars are an absolute necessity rather than a luxury.2) Everyone thinks that the new member is a valuable addition to the football team.3) I am afraid the fire will get out of control if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.4) As all flights to the United States have been cancelled, you have no alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle.5) The government has declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months for fear of the spread of mad cow disease.3.1) Through systematic research, scientists have invented many drugs that are said to help uslive longer, but the cause of aging remains, to a very real extent, one of lifes mysteries. 2) The two parties have reached an agreement to establish a joint venture in Beijing, but before a formal contract is signed, some clauses in the draft agreement need to be modi- 184 -Appendix Ified/modifying so that no misunderstanding will arise as to their interpretation. 3) Our ancestors have passed onto us the wisdom that to ensure the long-lasting prosperity of a country, we must show tolerance for the errors made by those who strike out revolutionary paths. These people, with their new ideas and practice, will enrich the national experience.II. Synonyms1. a) wish2. a) skin3. a) rear/raise4. a) royalb) wishb) hide/skin b) raise b) kingly/royalc) want c) hide c) rear/raise c) sovereignd) wish/want d) skin d) raise d) royal/kinglyIII. Usage 1.Indeed 3. Frankly5. To my knowledge 7. Nevertheless9. insteadi2. though 4. Moreover 6. however 8. Yet 10. in other wordsStructurel1) We are literally crawling. There must be some traffic accident ahead.2) Thomas sounds very knowledgeable about traditional Chinese medicine. He must have had some special training.3) The draft document is complete in virtually every detail. It must have taken him months to prepare it.4) Cathy must have missed the train. She should have arrived here two hours ago.5)What? It cost you one thousand dollars to fill a hollow tooth? You must be exaggerating!2. 1) Are we supposed to deposit our bags before entering the supermarket?2) The spaceship is supposed to land on Mars at 10:40 this morning.3) As a car driver, you are supposed to know how to change a tire.4) The nurses in the hospital are supposed to take good care of the patients.5) We are supposed to speak only in English when we discuss text organization.Appendix I- 185 -Comprehensive fxercisesI. Cloze(A)1. fascinating3. invented5. ban7. out of control9. Fortunately11. sources(B)1) early3) found5) source7) in9) how11) given/delivered13) by15) without2.tolerance4.addition6.corrupt8.establishing10.Massive12.enrich2) those4)must6) further8) began10)in12) than14)so16)commonII. TranslationThough how the English language came into existence remains a mystery, linguists/language scientists now tend to believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source; the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabulary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other languages massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary. As settlers landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.- 136 -Appendix IPart III TextBComprehension Check1. c2. c3. c4. d5. b6. dTranslation(#J& Appendix III)Language Practice1. give way to2. predict3. substantial4. integrate5. in transition6. aspect7. professionals8. genuine9. economic10. to name a few11. authority12. dominate13. crude14. trend15. shift16. had contributed to17. unique18. exceeding19. rid yourself of20. statusPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperEstimates of English Speakers from 1950 to 2050This graph shows the changes of the estimated numbers of English speakers from 1950 to 2050. English speakers are divided into three groups, i.e., LI speakers, L2 speakers and EFL speakers.According to the graph, it is estimated that the number of LI speakers was a little over 200Appendix I-137-million in 1950, a figure that will increase to around 450 million by 2050. L2 speakers will triple during the same period, from less than 200 million to around 600 million. EFL speakers will double in number over the period, starting from about 400 million in 1950 and reaching to over 900 million in 2050.Although the numbers of English speakers in all three groups tend to increase, their patterns ofincrease are different. LI speakers increase steadily over the entire period, but not as rapidly as L2speakers. This rapid growth is predicted to lead to L2 speakers outnumbering LI speakers by theyear 2010. Trends for the number of EFL speakers follow a somewhat different path. While thefigures remained stable during the 1950s they then began to experience an increasingly sharp rise thatis expected to level off and remain stable from 2020.(195 words)第七单元了解英语课文A 有些语言拒绝引入新词。另一些语言，如英语，则似乎欢迎新词的引入。罗伯特麦克尼尔回顾英语的历史，得出结论说，英语对变化的包容性体现了根深蒂固的自由思想。英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象罗伯特麦克尼尔 我们的英语的历史是典型的大量窃取其它语言的历史。正因为如此，今日英语的词汇量据估计超过一百万，而其它主要语言的词汇量都要小得多。 例如，法语只有约75,000个单词，其中还包括像snackbar(快餐店)和A打parade肮行唱片目录)这样的英语词汇。但法国人不喜欢借用外来词，因为他们认为这样会损害法语的纯洁性。法国政府试图逐出英语词汇，宣称Walkman(随身听)一词有伤大雅，因此他们造了个新词balladeur让法国儿童用可他们就是不用。 Walkman一词非常耐人寻味，因为这个词连英语也不是。严格地说，该词是由日本制造商发明的，他们把两个简单的英语单词拼在一起来命名他们的产品。这事儿我们不介意，法国人却耿耿于怀。由此可见英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象。这种乐意包容的精神，这种不管源自何方来者不拒的精神，恰好解释了英语为什么会这么丰富，解释了英语缘何在很大程度上第一个成了真正的国际语言。 欧洲沿海一个弹丸小岛的语言何以会成为地球上的通用语言，比历史上任何一种其他语言都更为广泛地被口头和书面使用?英语的历史体现在孩子最先学会用来表示身份(，me，you)、所属关系(mine，yours)、身体部位(eye，nose,mouth)、大小高矮(tallshort)，以及生活必需晶(food,water)的词汇当中。这些词都来自英语的核心部分古英语或盎格鲁一萨克逊英语。这些词通常简短明了，我们今天仍然用这些词来表示对我们真正至关重要的事物。 伟大的演说家常常用古英语来激发我们的情感。例如，在二战期间，温斯顿丘吉尔作了如下的演讲来激励国民的勇气以抵抗屯兵英吉利海峡准备渡海作战的希特勒的军队：“我们要战斗在海滩上，我们要战斗在着陆场上，我们要战斗在田野和街巷，我们要战斗在群山中。我们决不投降。” 这段文字中几乎每个词都来自古英语，只有最后一个词surrender是个例外，来自诺曼法语。丘吉尔原本可以说：“Weshallnevergivein，”但这正是英语迷人之处和活力所在，作家为了加强效果可以糅合来自不同背景的不同词汇。而演说中使用古英语词汇具有直接拨动心弦的效果。 尤利乌斯凯撒在公元前55年入侵不列颠时，英语尚不存在。当时不列颠的居民凯尔特人使用的那些语言流传下来主要成了威尔士语。这些语言的起源至今仍是个不解之谜，但有一种理论试图解开这个谜。 两个世纪前，在印度当法官的一位英国人注意到，梵文中有一些词与希腊语、拉丁语中的一些词极为相似。系统的研究显示，许多现代语言起源于一个共同的母语，但由于没有文字记载，该母语已经失传。 语言学家找出了相似的词，提出这些语言的源头是他们称之为印欧母语的语言，这种语言使用于公元前3500年至公元前2000年。这些人使用同样的词表达“雪”、“蜜蜂”和“狼”，但没有表示“海”的词。因此有些学者认为，他们生活在寒冷的中北欧某个地区。一些人向东迁徙形成了印度和巴基斯坦的各种语言，有些人则向西漂泊，来到欧洲气候较为温暖的地区。最早西移的一些人后来被称作凯尔特人，亦即凯撒的军队在不列颠发现的民族。 新的词汇随日尔曼部落盎格鲁、萨克逊等部落而来，他们在5世纪的时候越过北海定居在不列颠。他们共同形成了我们称之为盎格鲁一萨克逊的社会。 盎格鲁一萨克逊人将他们的农耕词汇留传给我们，包括sheep，OX,earth，wood,field和work等。他们的日子一