建筑工程的防渗漏技术应用环节分析.docx

如今，社会竞争日趋激烈，建筑企业要想在激烈的社会竞争中生存发展就必须加强防渗漏施工技术管理，保证防渗漏技术应用的合理性，施工人员需要详细分析渗漏问题出现的原因，并针对不同的渗漏问题采取不同的防渗漏措施。1 建筑工程屋面防渗漏技术应用在建筑工程中，屋面是防水的重点，屋面对建筑工程起到防水和保温作用，如果屋面防水不到位必定会影响整个工程的施工质量。因此，施工人员必须加强建筑工程屋面防水，合理应用防渗漏技术。我国南北地区气候差异性较大，在应用防渗漏技术之前，施工人员需要分析当地的气候和空气湿度，并根据分析结果合理的选择防水材料，施工人员需要按照防水材料的特点合理的选择防渗漏技术。在进行屋面混凝土浇筑的过程中，施工人员必须连续性浇筑，不能间断，否则就很有可能导致混凝土裂缝的出现，进而导致渗漏问题的出现。除此之外，在浇筑混凝土时，施工人员要进行振捣，这样才能更好地保证混凝土的质量。找平层是屋面防水的基础和重点，施工人员必须保证找平层的刚度，找平层还需要具有一定的坡度，这样就可以避免积水过多，施工人员需要在找平层设置一定的间距，提高屋面的防渗性。但是，在进行屋面防渗漏施工之前，施工人员需要先清理屋面，并在屋面上洒水，湿润屋面。除此之外，施工人员还需要对屋面的檐沟进行仔细检查，保证屋面檐沟内无积水。在屋面防渗漏施工完成后，施工人员还需要对屋面进行养护，禁止在屋面上放置体积比较大或者重量比较大的物体。如果屋面的防水层内含水量比较大就会导致防水层出现开裂问题，降低防水层的防渗漏性能。因此，施工人员需要在屋面防水层内设置分仓缝，分层缝的宽度保持在55 mm，形成一个完整的通气网络，分层缝需要和屋面的透气管道相通。在进行屋面防渗漏施工过程中，施工人员必须合理的预留屋面的保护层，并采取一定的措施避免屋面钢筋出现变形。为了保证屋面分隔缝顺直，而且间距一直，施工人员需要预留3 cm宽的分隔条。对于屋面的转角处，施工人员需要设置半径为120160 mm的钝角。在施工过程中，施工人员需要确定以下数值：一是测定标高；二是定点；三是找坡；四是拉挂屋线；五是分水线；六是坡度线，只有保证以上数值的准确性，才能保证防渗漏技术应用的合理性。2 建筑工程外墙的防渗漏技术应用很多建筑工程的外墙都出现了不同程度的墙体裂缝，导致墙体裂缝出现的原有因以下几个：一是建筑工程地基土质比较松软，而且工程地基不匀称，导致地基下沉，最终导致墙体裂缝的出现；二是施工材料的质量对建筑工程墙体的质量有很大影响。但是，很多建筑企业在选择墙体材料时不谨慎，施工材料热胀冷缩最终导致裂缝的出现，为建筑工程埋下了渗漏隐患。要想保证建筑工程墙体的质量，避免漏水和裂缝问题的出现，施工人员需要在外墙体上设置圈梁，这样就可以提高墙体的承重能力，避免因为重压而变形。施工人员在进行外墙混凝土浇筑时，可以在混凝土内部加入一定剂量的外加剂，这样可以降低混凝土的伸缩程度。气候和温度对建筑工程施工也有很大影响，工程施工不应该在夏季，需要选择较为合适的季节。3 建筑工程厨房与卫生间的防渗漏技术应用建筑工程厨房和卫生间的渗漏问题主要出现在地面和管道处。为了避免建筑工程厨房和卫生间出现渗漏水问题，施工企业必须严格按照国家标准选择优质的防水管道。建筑工程厨房和卫生间之间会设置分隔墙，这也是防渗漏的重点部位，施工人员必须严格按照程序进行分隔墙的混凝土浇筑。在进行管道防渗漏施工过程中，管道安全完成之后，施工人员都需要对管道进行多次试验，这样才能保证管道的质量。卫生间和厨房属于建筑工程中管道比较多的部位，如果卫生间和厨房出现渗漏问题必定会给用户带来巨大的经济损失。因此，卫生间和厨房是建筑工程防渗漏的重点，当然也是建筑工程防渗漏的难点。4 建筑工程地下室的防渗漏技术应用缝的变形属于建筑工程防渗漏的重点，缝变形的程度会随着时间的推移变大。为了避免缝隙开裂程度不断扩大，施工人员需要设置止水带，安装时必须进行密封处理。在止水带安装完成以后，施工人员需要在止水带内部注入混凝土，这样就可以保证止水带不发生变形。混凝土裂缝出现的主要原因是水泥标号选择的不合理，在选择水泥时，水泥的强度必须达到1.52.0。混凝土在硬化后很容易出现水泥松动的土层，施工人员需要把松动的土层清理掉，并保证混凝土表面是干燥的。在地下室施工之前，施工人员需要在地下室铺垫一层水泥砂浆，有利于工程缝隙的衔接。混凝土是建筑工程施工中的主要材料，施工人员在浇筑混凝土之前必须准确计算混凝土的配比。在混凝土浇筑完成后，施工人员需要进行混凝土养护，在混凝土上方铺盖草垫等物品。5 建筑工程门窗的防渗漏技术应用对于建筑工程铝合金门窗的防渗漏施工，施工企业必须选择优质的铝合金材料，技术参数必须符合国家标准。施工企业必须聘请专业的材料采购人员，材料采购人员在采购铝合金门窗的过程中需要进行多家比较，并要求厂家提供铝合金门窗的相关信息。在铝合金门窗入库后，施工企业还需要对铝合金门窗进行多次试验，以保证铝合金门窗的质量。在铝合金门窗运输的过程中，运输人员一定要谨慎，避免铝合金门窗在运输过程中被损坏。铝合金门窗配件需要和门窗想匹配，门窗安装完成以后同样需要进行防渗漏试验。建筑工程防渗漏技术的应用对施工人员提出了更高的要求，施工企业必须加强施工人员培训，加大人员培训方面的资金投入。除此之外，施工企业也可以邀请专业人士来企业授课，丰富施工人员的工作经验，开拓眼界，提高自身的专业水平和综合素质。施工企业还应该在施工技术人员内部设置奖励和惩罚机制，对优秀的施工技术人员进行物质和精神奖励，提高施工技术人员的工作热情和积极性。6 结语在屋面防渗漏施工之前，施工人员还需要对屋面的檐沟进行仔细检查，保证屋面檐沟内无积水。在屋面防渗漏施工完成后，施工人员还需要对屋面进行养护。很多建筑企业在选择墙体材料时不谨慎，施工材料热胀冷缩最终导致裂缝的出现，要想保证建筑工程墙体的质量，避免漏水和裂缝问题的出现，施工人员需要在外墙体上设置圈梁，这样就可以提高墙体的承重能力。建筑工程厨房和卫生间之间会设置分隔墙，这也是防渗漏的重点部位，施工人员必须严格按照程序进行分隔墙的混凝土浇筑。在混凝土浇筑完成后，施工人员需要进行混凝土养护，在混凝土上方铺盖草垫等物品。铝合金门窗的防渗漏施工也是建筑工程防渗漏施工的重点，施工企业必须选择优质的铝合金材料，技术参数必须符合国家标准。Nowadays, social competition, the construction enterprise to survival and development in the intense society competition, they must have in order to strengthen the management of construction technology of seepage prevention, ensure the rationality of the application of technology of seepage prevention, construction personnel need to detailed analysis the cause of the leakage problem, and according to different leakage problem different leakage prevention measures.1 construction engineering roofing leakage technology applicationIn construction projects, the focus of the roof is waterproof, roof waterproofing and thermal insulation effect of construction works, if the roof waterproof does not reach the designated position is bound to affect the construction quality of the whole project. Therefore, the construction personnel must strengthen roof waterproof construction engineering, reasonable application of seepage prevention technology. In north and south China climate difference is bigger, before the application technology of seepage prevention, construction personnel need to analyze the local climate and humidity of the air, and the choice of reasonable waterproof materials, according to the results of the analysis of construction personnel need reasonable choices according to the characteristics of waterproofing material leakage technology. In the roof of the concrete pouring process, the construction personnel must be continuous casting, not discontinuous, otherwise it is likely to lead to the cracking of concrete, resulting in leakage problem. In addition, in the concrete, the construction personnel must carry on the vibrating, so as to better guarantee the quality of concrete. Leveling layer is the base and key of roof waterproofing, construction personnel must ensure that the stiffness of the screed-coat, leveling layer also need to have a certain slope, so you can avoid too much water, construction personnel need certain spacing is set in leveling layer, improve the roofing seepage control. But, before the roofing seepage prevention construction, construction personnel need to clean up the roof, and sprinkling water on the roof, the wet floor. In addition, construction personnel also need to carefully check the roof gutter, ensure no water in the roof gutter. In roofing leakage after completion of construction, construction personnel need to maintenance of roofing, ban placed on roof volume weight is larger or more objects. If the roof waterproof layer water content within the larger would lead to the waterproof layer cracking problems, reduce the seepage prevention performance of the waterproof layer. Therefore, construction personnel need to seam, points are installed in roofing waterproof layer storehouse hierarchical seam width in 55 mm, form a complete ventilation network, hierarchical seam needs and roof ventilation pipe is same.In roofing seepage prevention construction process, construction personnel must be reasonable reserve roof cover, and take some measures to prevent roof bar appears to be out of shape. In order to keep the roof separation seaming straight and spacing has been, construction personnel need to reserve 3 cm wide splitter. For the corner roof, construction personnel needs, set up the radius is 120 160 mm obtuse Angle. In the process of construction, construction personnel need to make sure the following value: one is the determination of elevation; The second is fixed; Three is to find slope; Four is to hang house line; Five is the watershed; Six are slope of the line, only guarantee that the above numerical accuracy, to ensure the rationality of the application of technology of seepage prevention.2 seepage prevention of exterior wall construction technology applicationMany construction projects have appeared different degree of the exterior wall of the wall cracks, leading to the original wall cracks due to the following: one is the construction of foundation soil is soft, is not symmetrical, and engineering foundation in foundation sinking, eventually lead to the cracking of the wall; The second is the construction material quality has a great influence on the quality of construction engineering wall. However, many construction companies not cautious when choosing wall materials, construction materials, heat bilges cold shrink eventually lead to the occurrence of cracks, leakage of planted hidden danger for construction projects. To guarantee the quality of construction engineering wall, avoid the occurrence of leakage and fracture problem, construction personnel need outer wall set on ring beam, so that you can improve the load bearing ability of wall, avoid deformation because of the weight. Construction personnel in the outer wall concrete pouring, can join dose in inside the concrete admixture, this can reduce the degree of scaling of concrete. Climate and temperature has a great influence on the building engineering construction and engineering construction should not be in the summer, you need to choose suitable season.3 construction of kitchen and toilet leakage technology applicationConstruction of kitchen and toilet leakage problem mainly appears in the ground and pipeline. In order to avoid the kitchen and toilet leakage problem of construction projects, construction enterprises must choose the high quality waterproof pipe in strict accordance with national standards. Construction project sets the dividing wall between the kitchen and bathroom, it is also the focus of the seepage prevention, construction personnel must be in strict accordance with the procedures for dividing wall concrete pouring. On pipeline leakage construction process, after the completion of pipeline safety construction personnel need for pipeline test for many times, so as to guarantee the quality of pipe. Toilet and kitchen belongs to the part of the construction projects in the pipeline is more, if the toilet and kitchen leakage problem is bound to bring huge economic loss to the customer. Therefore, toilet and kitchen is the key of the seepage prevention construction, of course it is also the difficult point in construction engineering seepage prevention.4 the seepage prevention technology application of basement constructionDeformation of seam belongs to the focus of the seepage prevention construction, the deformation of joint degree will with the passage of time. In order to avoid the crack degree of crack expanding, construction personnel needs, set up water stop, when installation, must be treated. Bailey after installation is complete, in construction personnel need to check inside the hose into the concrete, so that you can guarantee water-stop deformation does not occur. Concrete cracking is the main reason of the cement label option is unreasonable, when choosing cement, cement strength must be 1.5 2.0. Concrete after hardening cement can occur easily loose soil and construction personnel need to clean up loose soil, and ensure the concrete surface is dry. Before the basement construction, construction personnel need bedding layer of cement mortar in the basement, is conducive to engineering gap. Concrete is the main material in the construction engineering construction, construction personnel must be accurate before pouring concrete calculation of concrete proportion. After completion of the concrete pouring, construction personnel need to carry on the concrete curing, above the concrete cladding MATS and other items.5 doors and Windows of seepage prevention construction technology applicationFor construction of seepage prevention construction aluminum alloy doors and Windows, construction enterprises must choose the high quality aluminum alloy material, technical parameters must comply with national standards. Construction enterprises must employ professional materials procurement staff, material procurement staff in the process of purchasing aluminum alloy doors and Windows need to compare several, and ask the manufacturer of aluminum alloy doors and Windows of the relevant information. The aluminum alloy doors and Windows, storage construction enterprise need to test for many times, aluminum alloy doors and Windows to ensure the quality of aluminum alloy doors and Windows. In the process of aluminum alloy doors and Windows to transport, transport personnel must be cautious, avoid aluminum alloy doors and Windows was damaged during the transit. Aluminum alloy doors and Windows accessories need and door window wants to match, doors and Windows after the installation is complete the same need for leakage test. Construction engineering application of the technology of leakage puts forward higher requirements on construction personnel, construction enterprises must strengthen the construction of personnel training, funding heavily in staff training. In addition, the construction enterprises can also invite professionals to teach, rich working experience in construction personnel, the vision, improve their professional level and comprehensive quality. Construction enterprises should also be set up rewards and punishment mechanism within the construction and technical personnel, technical personnel to the construction of good material and spiritual rewards to, improve the construction technology of staffs work enthusiasm and motivation.6 conclusionBefore the roofing seepage prevention construction,