专题四 词义猜测题专练 教师版.doc

专题四 词义猜测题专题 配套练习 （教师版）考点1 猜测词义类 (2015江苏,D片段) Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations, splendid empires, but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies, one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. 65.What does the underlined word“tyrannies”in Paragraph 2refer to? A. Countries where their people need help. B. Powerful states with higher civilization. C. Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom. D. Governments ruled with absolute power. 剖析:D词义猜测题。此类题目一定要结合上下文来解答,首先看画线词tyrannies的同位语one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses(一个很有权势的人统治一大群无助的人),再分析各选项含义可知D项“用绝对权力来统治的政府”与此意思相近。A项“人们需要帮助的国家”、B项“具有较高文明的强有力的国家”和C项“人们享有自由的伟大帝国”均与词义本身相差甚远。 名师在线 通过定义、解释和举例猜测词义。在一些文章中,特别是新闻报道及科普类说明文中,生词后面往往用that is, mean, stand for, namely, refer to, in other words等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的内容,有时也用同位语、定语从句进行解释说明。还有些文章经常用例子来说明前面较难理解的词,这些例子可帮助考生准确猜测生词。文章举例时,常常会用一些连接词,如:such as, like, for example等(2014江西,D片段) However, at the back of the minds of many people, especially those who miss the “good old days”,efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes more efficient, people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets, such as mobile phones and iPods, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally. A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the persons presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. 71.The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to _. A. toolsB. messagesC. barriersD. skills 剖析:A猜测词义题。根据前文的With the communication及后面的such as mobile phones and iPods可知A项正确。(2015湖南,B片段) An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the citys streets by as much as 12 feet. This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building? 63.The underlined word “hoist” in Paragraph 4 means “_”. A. changeB. lift C. repairD. decorate 剖析:B 词义猜测题。根据前文可知街道被抬高了12英尺,而本句后半部分则说全部建筑物要与街道的新高度持平,由此可知是抬高建筑物,故选B项。 名师在线 有的生词词义的猜测要求利用自身的生活经验及科学常识进行分析推断。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、社会制度;了解掌握自然知识、自然现象以及现代科技知识。考点2 猜测短语类(2015安徽,D片段) In fact, when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal. They are completely fearless and will readily take on a creature much larger than themselves, attacking in large groups and overcoming their target. Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy. 70.What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean? A. Accept.B. Employ. C. Play with.D. Fight against. 剖析:D猜测短语题。根据画线短语所在句They are completely fearless.attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.可知,此处take on指“对抗”,故选D。 (2015陕西,D片段) Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a childs class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic. 58.The underlined expression “parental involvement”in Paragraph 1 probably means _. A. parents expectation on childrens health B. parents participation in childrens education C. parents control over childrens life D. parents plan for childrens future 剖析:B猜测短语题。由help their children with homework以及volunteering at school and observing a childs class可知,这是父母在参与孩子的教育,故B项正确。A项表示“父母对孩子健康的期望”,C项表示“父母对孩子生活的控制”,D项表示“父母对孩子未来的计划”,均不合文意。 名师在线 猜测短语的方法同猜测词义的方法大致相同。有时先注意分析短语的意思,然后结合具体语境去推测短语的含义会更有利于解决问题。 考点3 猜测句意类 (2015浙江,D片段) They didnt. From day two(everyone wanted to walk the cute puppy that first day),neither thought to walk the dog. While I was slow to accept that I would be the one to keep track of her shots, to schedule her vet appointments, to feed and clean her, Misty knew this on day one. As she looked up at the three new humans in her life(small, medium, and large),she calculated, “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.” Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld(心灵融合).Shed look at me with those sad brown eyes of hers, beam her need, and then wait, trusting I would understand-which, strangely, I almost always did. In no time, she became my fifth appendage(附肢),snoring on my home-office couch as I worked, cradling against my feet as I read, and splaying across my stomach as I watched television. 56.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “The medium one is the sucker in the pack.”(Paragraph 3)? A.“The middle-aged person loves me most.” B.“The medium-sized woman is the hostess.” C.“The man in the middle is the one who has the final say.” D.“The woman is the kind and trustworthy one in the family.” 剖析:D句意理解题。根据前面提到的.I would be the one.Misty knew this on day one.可知,在Misty眼里,the medium one就是指作者。再根据下一段中的Quickly, she and I developed something very similar to a Vulcan mind meld.可知,很快作者就和狗相处得很融洽了,几乎达到了心灵融合的地步,也就是说,狗比较相信她的女主人了。故选D项。 (2015天津,D片段) Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize. Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)and stopped him cold.” Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extremeis not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, here will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. 52.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part? A. Swallow more than you can digest. B. Act slightly above your abilities. C. Develop more mysterious powers. D. Learn to make creative decisions. 剖析:B猜测句意题。根据文中第二段列举的事例,即蒂姆通过自己的努力战胜了比自己强大很多倍的对手,以及第三段的首句“大胆就是尽情发挥自己的极限”等内容提示可以得知,此处画线部分表示“略高于你的能力进行发挥”,因此B项符合题干要求。A项“吞下比你能消化的还要多的食物”是描述画线部分的字面意义,不符合题干要求;C项“发展更为神秘的能力”、D项“学会做出创造性的决定”均与语境意义不符。考点4猜测指代类 (2015重庆,D片段) Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure, providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta. The camps have excellent horses, professional guides and lots of support workers. They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience. 48.What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A. Flooded waters. B. Wildlife journeys. C. Safari camps.D. Unique rides. 剖析:C猜测指代题。做猜测指代题时一般应该从前文查找答案,画线代词所在句子与其前一句是并列的,前一个句子的主语是the camps,而the camps指前面提到的safari camps,故应该选择C项。(2015湖南,A片段) Cyclists jump on and off pavements (which are meant for pedestrians),ride at speed along the pavements, and think they have a special right to go through traffic lights when they are on red. I was almost knocked down recently by a cyclist riding on the pavement when there was a cycle lane right next to him. Other road users, including horse riders, manage to obey the rules so why not cyclists? Its about time they had to be registered and insured, so when they do hit a pedestrian or a vehicle, or cause an accident, at least they can be treated and there might be an opportunity to claim. JML Write to Viewpoints of the newspaper. 59.The underlined word “they” in the third letter r