动词时态课件(1).ppt

英语语法词性详解二动词,二、动词的分类,(1),(3),(2),一、动词的定义,三、动词的时态,四、非谓语动词,五、被动语态,1.一般现在时,2.一般过去时,3.一般将来时,5.现在进行时,6.过去进行时,7.现在完成时,8.过去完成时,4.过去将来时,六、动词的基本形式,10.将来完成时,11.现在完成进行时,9.将来进行时,动词的时态,式,时,一、按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类,返回,二、短语动词,：由一些动词和其它词构成短语，表达一个完整的意思。其构成方式如下,返回,三、按动词的形式可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词,1、谓语动词(如下),2、非谓语动词,返回,2、非谓语动词,一般现在时：一般过去时amisarewasweredo（does）did,1.一般现在时,（1）表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态,（2）表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力,（3）表示客观事实或普遍用法,（4）用于状语从句代替一般将来时,eg.Weoftenwritetoeachother.我们时常相互通信。,常与always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday，onceaweek，yearly每年，monthly每月，等时间状语或频率副词连用。,eg.Heworkshard.他努力工作,eg.Thesunrisesintheeast.Lightgoesfasterthansound,eg.Youwillsucceedifyoutry.,IwilltellhimaboutitassoonasIseehimnextMonday.,常与连词：when,assoonas,before,after,until,if如果，等引导的时间状语或条件状语从句,练习,返回,Thebabyisgenerallyhealthy,buteverynowandthenhe_acold.A.hascaughtB.iscatchingC.willcatchD.doescatch,I_ping-pongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincetheNewYear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play,Whenhewasalive,theoldscientistusedtosaythatknowledge_frompracticeandhegainedhisexperiencebydoingalotofpracticalwork.A.wascomingB.hadcomeC.comesD.wouldcome,Ifit_tomorrow,wellgoroller-skating.A.isntrainB.wontrainC.doesntrainD.doesntfine,Remembertosendmeaphotoofusnexttimeyou_tome.A.arewritingB.willwriteC.haswrittenD.write,2.一般过去时,(1).表示过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态.e.g.HearrivedinHangzhouanhourago.Wherewereyoujustnow?,(2).表示过去某一时间里反复出现的动作或状态.e.g.Theirchildrenoftenwenthungryintheolddays.Duringhismiddleschoolyears,heplayedfootballnearlyeveryday.,(3).表示主语过去的特征或性格等.e.g.AtthattimeshespokeverygoodEnglish.,练习,返回,(4).一般过去时往往和明确的过去时间状语连用.如:yesterday,lastnight,twodays(months,weeks)ago,in1996,atthattime等,也常和when,if等引导的状语从句连用.e.g.Didyouplayvolleyballyesterdayafternoon?Myfather,whenhewasachild,worked15hoursforthelandlordaday.,(5).一般过去时可与today,thisweek,thismonth等时间状语连用.e.g.Isawhimtoday.Hecamelatethreetimesthisweek.,A:Comein,Peter,Iwanttoshowyousomething.B:_Oh,howniceofyou!I_you_tobringmeagift.A.neverthink;aregoingB.neverthought;weregoingC.didntthink;weregoingD.hadtthought;weregoing,Wouldyoupleasesaythatagain？I_whatyousaid.didntfollowB.dontfollowC.haventfollow,一般将来时和过去将来时willdowoulddobegoingtodobeabouttodobetodobedoing,3.一般将来时,a.will/shall+动词原形(备：在口语中，shall和will常缩写成ll，紧接在主语之后。其否定式shallnot和willnot的简略式分别为shant和wont),(1)构成,b.begoingto+动词原形,c.be+动词-ing形式（动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive,come,go,leave,move,start,stay,get等）,d.be+动词不定式（例：Youaretobebackbefore10:00p.m.你必须在上午10点前回来。表示按计划或正式安排将发生的事）,(2)用法,表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。,表示将要反复发生的动作,(3)常用结构,用于祈使句+and+陈术句中。Eg.Workhardandyouwillsucceed.,与表示时间或条件的状语从句连用。Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.,用于Iexpect,Imsure,Ithink,Iwonder+宾语从句中。Idontthinkthetestwillbeverydifficult.,返回,练习,Lookattheblackclouds.It_soon.-Sure.Ifonlywe_out.A.israining;didntcomeB.istorain;wontstartC.willrain;haventstartedD.isgoingtorain;hadntcome,Theplaneat7:00p.m.,soIhavetobeattheairportby6:40atthelatest.A.hasleftB.istoleaveC.willhaveleftD.leaves,8.过去将来时,（1）意义：表示以过去的某时来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用在宾语从句中.,（2）构成：主语+would/should+动词原形主语+was/were+goingto+动词原形,例:Ididntknowifshewouldcome.Iwasntsurewhetherhewoulddoit.Ididntknowifshewasgoingtocome.WangLeisaidthatshewasgoingtovisitherunclenextSunday.,返回,练习,()3.There_adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.A.wasB.isgoingtohaveC.willhaveD.isgoingtobe,HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?-I_yet,butI_takingatrain.A.didntdecide;amconsideringB.haventdecided;considerC.haventdecided;amconsideringD.hadntdecided;haveconsidered,Rememberthefirsttimewemet,Jim?OfcourseIdo.Youinthelibrary.A.werereadingB.hadreadC.havereadD.read,Thechildrenveryquiet；Iwonderwhattheyupto.A.were；arebeingB.arebeing；areC.are；doD.arebeing；do,Whatsthematter?Theshoesdontfitproperly.Theymyfeet.A.arehurtingB.willhurtC.havehurtD.arehurt,将来进行时：强调将来某时或某段时间正在进行的动作will/shall+be+v+ing将来完成时：强调在将来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态,常和终止性动词连用。will/shall+have+vedWilldotomorrowWillbedoingat4:00tomorrowWillhavedonebynextweekWewilldotheworktomorrow.Wewillbedoingtheworkat4:00tomorrow.Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbytomorrow.,现在进行时isdoing过去进行时wasdoing,4.现在进行时,(1)意义：a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作。常与now,themoment等连用。,(2)构成：主语+be+现在分词(v.+ing),练习,返回,例:Listen!MaryissinginganEnglishsongintheclassroom.,b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作。,例:Theyareplantingtreesonthehillthesedays.,c.表示一种重复的动作，带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩。,例:Mybrotherisalwaysleavingthingsabout.,注:现在进行时往往与always连用，给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。,现在进行时的练习,1.Itsnineoclock.Myfather_(work)intheoffice.,2.Theboy_(alwaysput)therubbishintothebin.,返回,5.过去进行时,(1)意义：,（2）构成：主语+was/were+现在分词,1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：WhatwereyoudoingwhenIphonedyoulastnight?,2表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。如：Theywerebuildingadamlastwinter.去年冬天他们在建一个大坝。,3用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置转移的动词，以表示过去将要发生的动作。如：TheywantedtoknowwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.,返回,练习,Areyouavisitorhere?Thatsright.IroundtheworldandnowmydreamofcomingtoChinatrue.A.havetraveled；hascomeB.wastraveling；hadbeencomeC.amtraveling；hascomeD.havetraveled；hasbeencome,Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein?Iforawhileandsomereading.A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodoB.played；didC.hadplayed；wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed；did,A:WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?B:Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand_totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedChavestartedD.wasstarting,9.-HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet?-Ihavenoidea.He_itthismorning.A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did,现在完成时和过去完成时Havehaddone（has）done,6.现在完成时,（1）意义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。,（2）结构：助动词have/has+动词的过去分词,（3）四大标志词：*以already,just和yet为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生*以ever和never为标志：表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过*以动作发生的次数为标志：HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.*以sofar为标志：表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生,返回,练习,（4）注：a.*“终止”、“延续”要转换常见的有:come-be,goout-beout,leave-beaway(from),begin-beon,buy-have,borrow-keep,join-beamember/介词短语,die-bedead,become-be,open(v.)-beopen(adj.)等。b.*时间“点”、“段”须分清for+时间段since+过去某一时刻,6.-Wherehaveyou_,Kate?-Ive_tothebank.A.gone,goneB.been,beenC.gone,beenD.been,gone7.Hergrandfather_fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.hasbeendied,8.Itssixweeks_Imetyoulast.A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.for,9.Bettythismorning?Notyet,butsheissuretobeherebeforenoon.A.HaveyouseenB.WillyouseeC.DoyouseeD.Didyousee,7.过去完成时,(1)概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况，即：过去的过去。如:Whenwegotthere,thefootballmatchhadalreadystarted.当我们赶到时，足球比赛已经开始了。,(2)构成:肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+hadnot+过去分词+其他疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他,返回,练习,3)用法:A.表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作，表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式：(1)用by，before等构成的介词短语。eg:Lindahadlearnt10Englishsongsbytheendoflastmonth.(2)用when,before,after等引导的时间状语从句。eg:Thetrainhadstartedbeforewegottothestation.,B.过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到这一过去的时间。常与for,since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。eg:IhadworkedinahospitalforthreeyearsbeforeIcamehere.,Hardlyhad主语donewhendidScarcelyhad主语donewhendidNosoonerhad主语donethandid,Hardlyhad主语donewhendidHardlyhadIgotintothehousewhenitbegantorain.IhadHardlygotintothehousewhenItbegantorain.,Scarcelyhad主语donewhendidScarcelyhadIgotintothehousewhenItbegantorain.,Nosoonerhad主语donethandidNosoonerhadIgotintothehousethanItbegantorain.IhadnosoonergotintothehousethanItbegantorain.,Shetotheofficethanshegotdowntowritingthereport.A.hasnosoonergotB.hadhardlygotC.nosoonergotD.hadnosoonergot,Jimtalkedforabouthalfanhouryesterday.Neverhimtalksomuch.A.IheardB.didIhearC.IhadheardD.hadIheard,youtheeditorattheairport?No,heawaybeforemyarrival.A.Have.met；hasdrivenB.Had.met；wasdrivenC.Did.meet；hadbeendrivenD.Have.met；haddriven,过去完成时,JohnandIfriendsforeightyears.WefirstgottoknoweachotherataChristmasparty.Butweeachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.A.hadbeen；havemetB.havebeen；havemetC.hadbeen；hadmetD.havebeen；hadmet,Alicecamebackhomethedaybeforeyesterday.Really?Where?A.hasshebeenB.hadshebeenC.hasshegoneD.hadshegone,现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在过去完成时：强调过去的过去完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作have/has+been+v+inghad+been+v+ing,WasthedrivingpleasantwhenyouwenttoMexicolastsummer?No,itforfourdayswhenwearrived,sotheroadswereverymuddy.A.wasrainingB.hadbeenrainingC.wouldberainingD.rained,Hearticlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andheaboutfortyarticles.hasbeenwriting；haswrittenB.hasbeenwriting；wroteC.iswriting；hasbeenwritingD.haswritten；haswritten,HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?-I_yet,butI_takingatrain.A.didntdecide;amconsideringB.haventdecided;considerC.haventdecided;amconsideringD.hadntdecided;haveconsidered,5.BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,I_forChongqing/A.AmleavingB.willhaveleftC.hadworkedD.wasworking6.Moststudents(take)_sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.,Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.Imsorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandImyguestsinmyoffice.A.isbeingmetB.willmeetC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet,IsTomstillsmoking?No.BynextSaturdayheforawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.A.willgoB.willhavegoneC.willhavebeenD.hasbeengoing,Whatwereyouuptowhenyourparentscamein?Iforawhileandsomereading.A.wasplaying；wasgoingtodoB.played；didC.hadplayed；wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed；did,现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在have(has)done过去完成时：强调过去的过去Haddone完成进行时：强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作have/has+been+v+ing,Since+点时间For+段时间Just,1year,现在完成时,Just,uptonow,sofar,tillnow,recently,ever,lately,already.yet,现在完成时havedone现在完成进行时havebeendoingTherainhasstopped.Therainhasbeenrainingthroughtheday.=(sinceyesterday.),Hearticlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyears,andheaboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting；haswrittenB.hasbeenwriting；wroteC.iswriting；hasbeenwritingD.haswritten；haswritten,HowareyouplanningtotraveltoShanghai?-I_yet,butI_takingatrain.A.didntdecide;amconsideringB.haventdecided;considerC.haventdecided;amconsideringD.hadntdecided;haveconsidered,动词的时态技巧总结点时间,by引导,选用完成式./since点,for时段,刚好一年(just1year)现在完成时By+(theendof)+现在时间=现在完成时By+(theendof)+过去时间=过去完成时By+(theendof)+将来时间=将来完成时,1.时态:完成时：bynow:Wehavefinishedallthework(bynow).bynextweek:Wewillhavefinishedalltheworkbynextweek.(bythetimeyougetthere).bylastweek:Wehadfinishedalltheworkbylastnight.,一般过去时did过去完成时haddone现在完成时havedone,Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Butshe_!A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromisedD.hadpromised,她一到家天就开始下雨。(hardlywhen/nosoonerthan.),Hardlyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.Scarcelyhadshegothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosoonerhadshegothomethanitbegantorain.,3.Nosooner_thanitbegantorainheavily.A.thegamebeganB.hasthegamebegunC.didthegamebeginD.hadthegamebegun,1.-WhereisJim?-He_totheshop.Hellbebackinanhour.goesB.goC.hasgoneD.willgo2.IdontthinkI_youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see3.Imsorryyouvemissedthetrain.It_10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft,Practice:,3.AssoonasI_(get)home,itstartedtorainheavily.(2003-12B)4.Hardlyhadwegatheredinthesquarewhenit(begin)_torain.(2005-1B),7.Nextweekwe(sign)_thesalescontractwiththenewsupplier.(2006-6B),8.Hesaid,“I_alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.”(2002-12B)hadalreadylearntB.wouldhavealreadylearntC.havealreadylearntD.alreadylearnt9.WhenIfoundLinda,she(play)_tabletenniswithherfriendJean.(2002-6B),9.UptillnowI(spend)_agreatdealofmoneyonbooks,magazinesandnewspapers.10.Inthesefiveyears,thefoundation(collect)_alargeamountofmoney.11.ThisisthefirsttimeI(see)_suchaterriblescene.,10.Thepolicepromisedthatthey(try)_theirbesttolookintothematter.(2002-6A)11.Thoughhe_(prepare)wellbeforethejobinterview,hefailedtoanswersomeimportantquestions.(2005-6A),12.Jimtoldmehe(join)_thearmytwoyearsbefore.(2003-12A)13.TomtooknonoticeofwhatIwassayingbecausehethoughtI(cheat)_him.(2001-12A),14.ThistimenextweekIllbeonvocation.ProbablyI_onabeautifulbeach.(2003-12A)A.amlyingB.havelainC.willbelyingD.willhavelain,15.Bytheendofthisyearthefactory(produce)_20,000cellphones.(2005-12A)16.BythetimeyougettoShanghaitomorrow,I_forChongqing.(2004-6A),17.Moststudents(take)_sixtycreditsbythetimetheygraduate.(2003-6A)18.He_(work)inthiscompanysincehegraduatedfromAndongTechnicalCollegetenyearsago.(2005-12A),19.EversinceIarrivedhere,I_inthedormitorybecauseitischeaper.(2006-6A)A.LivedB.waslivingC.hadbeenlivingD.havebeenliving,4.-Mum,may