《过去分词好》PPT课件

,Grammar,ThePastParticiple,过去分词,过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语、表语和宾语补足语等成分。,Pastparticiple,若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：abrokenglass=aglasswhichhasbeenbrokenafallenleaf=aleafwhichhasfallen(down),一.形式与含义,二.过去分词的作用：Pastparticiplecanbeusedasadverbial,attribute,predicative现在分词表进行、主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。,2).过去分词作时间状语,1.Whenitisheated,icewillbechangedintowater.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.,2.Whenitisseenunderamicroscope,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointed.,afreshsnowflakehasadelicatesix-pointedshape.,Seenunderamicroscope,3).过去分词作原因状语,1.Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.,2.Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes._,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.,Doneinahurry,4)过去分词作条件状语,Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter._,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.,Givenmoreattention,2.IfIamcomparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo._,westillhavealongwaytogo.,Comparedwithyou,5).作方式或伴随情况状语,Thehunterlefthishouse,followedbyhisdog.Thehunterlefthishouse,andhewasfollowedbyhisdog.,2.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.Shesatbythewindow,andshewaslostinthought.,1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语有动宾关系。,Summary,过去分词作状语:,过去分词有两大特点：1.表示被动的动作；2.表示已经完成的动作。因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要记清楚过去分词与主语的关系是被动,例如:,Rewritewithproperconjunctions,1.Unitedwestand,dividedwefail.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfail.,Example:,2.Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.3.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.,4.Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.5.OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.,6.Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.7.Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome，Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.,用过去分词作状语来改写句子。,AsIwasworriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays._,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.,Worriedaboutthejourney,2.Ifheisgiventime,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer._,hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.3)AsIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair._,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.,Giventime,Confusedbythenewsurroundings,4)Whenhewasquestionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,hebecametense._,hebecametense.,Questionedbythepoliceaboutthefire,1.Followingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.wefollowed(跟着那个老人,我们上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(wewere)(被那个老人跟着,我们上去了),Compare,3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen,6.When_ifshewouldrequestarise,theactresssaidthatmoneywasnotimportant.A.askedB.askingC.havingaskedD.beingasked,7.YesterdayIsawinthenewspaperateachingpost_ataschoolclosetomyhomeandIwantedtoapplyforit.A.advertisesB.advertisingC.advertisedD.toadvertise,DifferencebetweenthePresentParticipleandthePastParticiple_foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._thebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用._ather,hejumpedwithjoy._atbyher,hejumpedwithjoy.,Used,Using,Looking,Looked,注意：分词在句子中作状语时，选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，就选用现在分词，如果是被动关系就用过去分词。,另外,当分词作状语时,如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,需要用独立主格结构或with复合结构来替代。(此时,也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。),例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands_behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied简析:很显然,待选部分的逻辑主语是hishands,而不是句子的主语Themurderer,而hishands对于动词tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此,该题应选D。,表示时间Themeetingbeingover,allofuswenthome.开完会后我们都回家了。Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。表示条件Theconditionbeingfavourable,hemaysucceed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),theywillgoonanoutingtothebeachtomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。,Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。表示原因Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。Itbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。作伴随状语Hewaslyingonthegrass,hishandscrossedunderhishead(=andhishandswerecrossedunderhishead).他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。,1.Ilikereadingthenovels_(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl_(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_(repair).,written,writing,repaired,Fillingintheblanks.,4.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse_(paint)white.5.Therewasa_(surprise)lookonhisface.6.Hewas_(excite)atthegoodnews.7.Thestorywasso_(move)thathewas_(move)totears.,painted,surprised,excited,moving,moved,3.过去分词作表语：过去分词做表语，表示主语的状态，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词，所以多半可以在其前加very。例如：,我对郭敬明写的小说很感兴趣。当他听到他在比赛中赢得第一名时很兴奋。Hebecame_whenheheardhehadwonthefirstplaceinthecompetition.,IminterestedinreadingnovelswrittenbyGuoJingming,excited,过去分词作表语时要注意：1.及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。(1)Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。(2)Heisretired.他已退休。3.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。(3)Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.这座城市三面环山。,【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被动语态，表示动作）Thecupisbroken.(表示杯子破了的状态。)(3)Thelibraryisnowclosed.图书馆关门了。（过去分词作表语）,Thewindowisbroken.窗户碎了。Dontgetsoexcited.别这么激动。,常见作表语的过去分词有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried等。,Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay,C,该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.,1._inthetrafficaccident_takentohospital.A.Aninjured,wasB.Theinjured,hasC.Theinjuring,wereD.Theinjured,were,2.The_lookonthegirlsfacesuggestedthatshe_suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldnthavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadntexpected,2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he_.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost,C,D,C,3.Whathehasdoneisreally_.Nowhisparentsare_him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby,1.Theroomsare_,soyoucantmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted,4.过去分词作宾语补足语（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。(1)IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。（过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard；）(2)Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他发现他的家乡变化很大。（过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found）,2.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)Illhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Dontleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完。【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。,（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了。（自己的经历）,5.“with宾语过去分词”结构“with宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。,1你认识那个穿着红衣服的妇女吗？2舒服地坐在椅子上，他在沉思。3对于昨天发生的事故，我很震惊。4给予更多的关心的话，这些树会长得更好。5他作了自我介绍，以便使自己被大家认识。,1.Doyouknowthewomandressedinred?2.Hesatonthechaircomfortably,lostinthought.3.Iamamazedattheaccidenthappenedyesterday.4.Givenmorecare,thesetresswillgrowevenbetter.5.Heintroducedhimselfsoastomakehimselfknowntoallofus.,6昨天，我把衣服让人洗了。7上周一，我看到你兄弟被一个陌生人打了。8将书合上背诵这篇课文。9我提高了声音以便使自己被听见。10如果被问及，你不要说我在家里。,6.Ihadmyclotheswashedyesterday.7.IsawyourbrotherbeatenbyastrangerlastMonday.8.Irecitedthistextwithmytextclosed.9.Iraisedmyvoicesoastomakemyselfheard.10.Ifaskedaboutme,youdontsayIamin/athome.,11你参加了昨天举行的会议吗？12从日本引进的这些种子已经坏了。13我想把这封信寄出去。14女工人将头发扎在后面来上班。15我们没有足够的食物吃的日子一去部复返了。,11.Didyouattendthemeetingheldyesterday?12.TheseseedsbroughtinfromJapangotbad.13.Iwouldliketohavethisletterposted.14.Thewomancametoworkwithherhairtiredbehind.15.Thedaysaregonewhenwedidnthaveenoughfoodtoeat.,16我们必须适应改变了的形式。17用所给的动词写出两个句子。18他们在看足球比赛，兴奋而又满意。19他说爬山很累。但是我一点也不累。20即使在森林里迷路了，他也不担心。,16.Wemustadapttothechangedform.17.Writetwosentenceswiththegivenverbs.18.Theywerewatchingfootballmatch,excitedandsatisfied.19.HesaidthatclimbingwasquitetiringbutIwasnottiredatall.20.Evenlostintheforest,hewasnotworriedaboutitatall.,过去分词的固定结构:comparedwithto;lostinthought,连词加分词作状语：连词when和while后可接现在分词,而when,once,if,though,although,evenifthough,unless,than,as等可接过去分词.Eg:1)Whenwhilecrossingtheroad,youshouldbecareful.2)Whenheated,watercanchangeintosteam.3)Onceprinted,thebookisverypopular.4)Evenifinvited,Iwontattendtheparty.,单项选择：1.Youcanmakeyourself_inEnglishprettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood2.-Thereisaholeinyourbag.-Iknow.Imgoingtohaveit_.mendB.mendingC.mendedD.tobemended,D,C,Practice(20m),3.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving;makingB.tosolving;madeC.tosolve;makingD.tosolve;made,4.Englishisalanguage_allaroundtheworldandisthe_languageofmostinternationalorganizations.