英国文学史及选读1ppt课件

.,英国文学史与选读,.,通过作品找意境，通过中西文学对比，让文学课升华至文化课，让我们的学生成为自己的主人。,.,StructureEarlyandMedievalEnglishLiteratureRenaissanceEnglishLiteratureTheEnglishLiteratureofThe17thCenturyTheEnglishliteratureofTheEnlightenmentAgeTheAgeofRomanticismTheVictorianAgeThe20th-CenturyBritishpoetry,.,EarlyandMedievalEnglishLiterature,5Century-1485,.,“Early”heremeansEnglishliteratureinprimitiveandslaverysociety.“Medievalperiod”isaquitespecialperiodinEnglishhistory.InChinese“Medieval”or“TheMiddleAge”.TheAngle-Saxons:EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-SaxonsettlementAnglo-SaxonLanguage(oldEnglish)BeowulfTheNorman:Feudalism,landlordtakencollectively,theyestablishShakespeareastheforemostliterarytalentofhisownElizabethanAgeand,evenmoreimpressively,asageniuswhosecreativeachievementhasneverbeensurpassedinanyage.,.,莎士比亚故居,.,莎士比亚故居,.,1.Amasterhandforeveryformofdrama.2.Skilledinmanypoeticforms,esp.sonnet3.AgreatmasterofEnglishlanguage4.ThesummitoftheEnglishRenaissance,Contributions,.,ThemerchantofVeniceAsYouLikeITwelfthNightMidsummerNightsDream,Comedy,.,一部洋溢着青春朝气的“乐观主义的悲剧”,RomeoandJuliet,.,HamletOthelloKingLearMacbeth,Tragedy,.,TheSonnetsALoversComplaintTheRapeofLucreceVenusandAdonisFuneralElegybyW.S.,Poetry,.,莎士比亚“四大悲剧”中的第一部，也是他的代表作。丹麦王子哈姆莱特的故事早见于12世纪丹麦历史学家SaxoGrammaticus写的丹麦史，后法、英两国剧作家据此改编成剧本。一般认为莎士比亚的哈姆莱特系根据同时代作家基德一部现已失传的厄哈姆莱特（UrHamlet）改编而来的。改编后的剧本保留了原剧本的主要框架，但却被赋予了原剧本所没有的感情深度与艺术魅力。,哈姆莱特,.,HamletiswithoutquestionthemostfamousplayintheEnglishlanguage.Probablywrittenin1601or1602,thetragedyisamilestoneinShakespearesdramaticdevelopment;theplaywrightachievedartisticmaturityinthisworkthroughhisbrilliantdepictionoftheherosstrugglewithtwoopposingforces:moralintegrityandtheneedtoavengehisfathersmurder.,TheTragedyofHamlet,PrinceofDenmark,.,Tobe,ornottobe:thatisthequestion:WhethertisnoblerinthemindtosufferTheslingsandarrowsofoutrageousfortune,Ortotakearmsagainstaseaoftroubles,Andbyopposingendthem.Todie:tosleep;Nomore;andbyasleeptosayweendTheheart-ache,andthethousandnaturalshocksThatfleshisheirto,tisaconsummationDevoutlytobewishd.Todie,tosleep;Tosleep:perchancetodream:aye,therestherub;Forinthatsleepofdeathwhatdreamsmaycome,Whenwehaveshuffledoffthismortalcoil,Mustgiveuspause:therestherespectThatmakescalamityofsolonglife;Forwhowouldbearthewhipsandscornsoftime,Theoppressorswrong,theproudmanscontumely,Thepangsofdespisedlove,thelawsdelay,Theinsolenceofoffice,andthespurns,Thatpatientmeritoftheunworthytakes,WhenhehimselfmighthisquietusmakeWithabarebodkin?whowouldfardelsbear,Togruntandsweatunderawearylife,Butthatthedreadofsomethingafterdeath,TheundiscoverdcountryfromwhosebournNotravelerreturns,puzzlesthewill,AndmakesusratherbearthoseillswehaveThanflytoothersthatweknownotof?Thusconsciencedoesmakecowardsofusall,AndthusthenativehueofresolutionIssickliedoerwiththepalecastofthought,AndenterprisesofgreatpitchandmomentWiththisregardtheircurrentsturnawryAndlosethenameofaction.,ToBeOrNotToBeHamlet,.,十四行诗起源于13世纪的意大利，16世纪上半叶由英国诗人萨利和魏阿特引入英国，风靡一时。莎士比亚的十四行诗早在1960年前发表就以手抄本的形式流传民间，其主题思想以歌颂爱情与友谊为主。这些诗共154首，分为三组。第一组（1126首）写给一位青年男子，诗人告诫他要早些结婚，生儿育女;第二组（127152）描写一位姿色不佳的“黑肤女郎”（darklady），诗人对他的态度是毫不掩饰的情欲；第三组（153154）与前两组毫无关系，好像是同一首诗写了两遍。在韵脚上，莎士比亚创作了自己的诗韵，即有名的莎士比亚十四行诗韵：abab,cdcd,efef,gg。,Abasicformofpoetryconsistingof14linesofiambicpentameter,intricatelyrhymed(abab,cdcd,efef,gg).,.,ShallIcomparetheetoasummersday?Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummersleasehathalltooshortadate:SometimetoohottheeyeoftheheavenshinesAndoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,Bychanceornatureschangingcourseuntrimmed;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouowst;Norshalldeathbragthouwanderstinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrowst:Solongasamancanbreathe,oreyescansee,Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.,Sonnet18,.,SirFrancisBacon(laterLordVerulamandtheViscountSt.Albans)wasanEnglishlawyer,statesman,essayist,historian,intellectualreformer,philosopher,andchampionofmodernscience.Earlyinhiscareerheclaimed“allknowledgeashisprovince”andafterwardsdedicatedhimselftoawholesalerevaluationandre-structuringoftraditionallearning.,FrancisBacon,.,OfStudiesOfbeautyOffriendshipOfenvy,Essays,.,OfStudy(excerpt)Studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgment,anddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexe-cute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairs,comebest,fromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornament,isaffectation;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrules,isthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelikenaturalplants,thatneedproyning,bystudy;andstudiesthemselves,dogiveforthdirectionstoomuchatlarge,excepttheybeboundedinbyexperience.Craftymencontemnstudies,simplemenadmirethem,andwisemenusethem;fortheyteachnottheirownuse;butthatisawisdomwithoutthem,andabovethem,wonbyobservation.Readnottocontradictandconfute;nortobelieveandtakeforgranted;nortofindtalkanddiscourse;buttoweighandconsider.Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.,.,荀子劝学,君子曰：学不可以已。青，取之于蓝，而青于蓝；冰，水为之，而寒于水。木直中绳，揉以为轮，其曲中规，虽有槁暴，不复挺者，輮使之然也。故木受绳则直，金就砾则利。君子博学而日参省乎己，则知明而行无过矣。吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远。顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。假舆马者，非利足也，而致千里。假舟辑者，非能水也，而绝江河。君子生非异也，善假于物也。积土成山，风雨兴焉。积水成渊，蛟龙生焉。积善成德，而神明自得，圣心备焉。故不积跬步，无以至千里；不积小流，无以成江海。骐骥一跃，不能十步；驽马十驾，功在不舍。锲而舍之，朽木不折；锲而不舍，金石可镂。蚓无爪牙之利,筋骨之强，上食埃土，下饮黄泉，用心一也。蟹六跪而二螯，非蛇蟺之穴无可寄托者，用心躁也。,.,TheEnglishLiteratureofThe17thCentury,.,TheMetaphysicalpoetsAboutthebeginningofthe17thcenturythereappearedinEnglandaschoolofpoetscalled“Metaphysicals”.TheworksoftheMetaphysicalpoetsarecharacterized,generallyspeaking,bymysticismincontentandfantasticalityinform.JohnDonnewasthefounderoftheschool.,.,JohnMilton(16081674)MiltonisoneoftheveryfewtrulygreatEnglishwriterswhoisalsoaprominentfigureinpoliticsandwhoisbothagreatpoetandimportantprosewriter.MiltonisthegreatestEnglishpoetafterShakespeare,