小学英语语法系列1-名词详细讲解--完整下载ppt课件

.,.,个体名词：,boy,girl,teacher,school,book,room,pen,pencil,desk,apple,具体可见的，可以数出数量的个体。,.,.,抽象名词happiness,misery,difficulty,love,honesty,courage不能看到的抽象概念。,.,二.名词种类与名词的数,1）所有的专有名词都是不可数名词。2）个体名词通常都是可数的。3）集体名词和成双成对的名词永远用作复数。people,police,trousers,glasses4）物质名词和抽象名词为不可数名词。,.,特殊情况：,.有些名词,如:family,class,team等既可用作单数又可用作复数。当强调整体时，常用作单数；当强调整体中的各个成员时，常为复数。例：Thefamilyisquitebig.这是个大家庭。Thefamilyareenjoyingthemselvesinthepark.家里的每个人都玩得很高兴。,.,2）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数,词，但词义有所不同。,sand沙sands沙滩,wood木头woods森林,fish鱼肉fish鱼,orange橙汁anorange桔子,chicken鸡肉achicken小鸡,room空间、余地aroom房间,.,4.以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为v，再加-es，如：,knifeknives，leafleaves,halfhalves,5.以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”，再加-es,如：,citycities,factoryfactories,但注意：以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s，,如：boyboys,daydays,6.不规则变化,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,child-children,ox-oxen，mouse-mice,fish-fish,sheep-sheep,deer-deer,.,B.单复数一致的Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,aircraft,goldfish,fish,.,名词怎样变复数,.,名词怎样变复数,1、大多数情况直接加sbook-bookschicken-chickenslamb-lambshorse-horses,.,名词怎样变复数,2、以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加esglass-glassesbox-boxesdish-dishessandwich-sandwiches,.,名词怎样变复数,3、以f或fe结尾的名词，先去掉f或fe，再加vesknife-knives（wolf）（thief）（wife）（knife）(shelf)（half）（leaf）（life）。,.,以f/fe结尾的单词，把f/fe改成v再加es,魔法咒语,妻子拿刀去砍狼小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命半片树叶遮目光,wife,knife,wolf,thief,shelf,self,half,leaf,.,名词怎样变复数,4、以辅音字母加y结尾，先把y变成i,再加esfamily-familiescherry-cherriesstrawberry-strawberriesbaby-babies如果是元音字母加y结尾，直接加s.boy-boys,.,秘密妈咪红,以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改成i再加es,family,families,boy-boys,.,名词怎样变复数,5、以o结尾的单词，一般加s。下面四个词例外：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesnegro-negroeshero-heroes黑人英雄吃土豆和西红柿。（简称两人两菜）,.,一条蛇吃了一瓶XO就死了,sh,ch,xo,s,有生命的o加es，没生命的o加s,potatotomatohero,zooradiopiano,P8,.,名词怎样变复数,6.其它特殊的单词：sheep-sheepfood-foodchild-childrenman-menwoman-women,.,阿拉丁,所有跟人有关系的词的复数a-e,policemanpostmanwoman,policemen,postmen,women,.,C.通常只有复数形式的Trousers,glasses,stairs,pants,jeans,shorts,pajamas,scissors,fireworks,earphones,goods,brains,.,复合名词改成复数形式一.在词尾加-s或-es1.主体名词在词末bedroombedrooms卧室toothbrushtoothbrushes牙刷greenhousegreenhouses温室letter-boxletter-boxes信箱2.没有主体名词go-betweengo-betweens中间人break-inbreak-ins闯入has-beenhas-beens过时的人、过时的物forget-me-notforget-me-nots勿忘草hand-me-downhand-me-downs旧衣,.,二.在主体名词词尾加-s或-esson-in-lawsons-in-law女婿editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief总编辑commander-in-chiefcommanders-in-chief总司令passer-bypassers-by过路人vice-premiervice-premiers副总理三.两个构成部分都要变成复数形式awomancookwomencooks女厨师amannursemennurses男护士,.,有关名词可数性的三个易错点：1.abread,twobreads(X)aloafofbread,twoloavesofbread()2.paper(uncountablenouns)newspaper(countablenouns)water(uncountablenouns)tear(countablenouns)3.aim表示“目的”时是可数名词，表示“瞄准”时是不可数名词；瞄准，对准（指技巧或动作)Youraimisyourskilloractioninpointingaweaponorotherobjectatitstarget.experience经验时不可数，表示“经历”时则可数；fortune，当它表示“运气”和“财产”时不可数，当它表示“命运”时就可数。,.,7.表示国籍名词单复数变化规律,ChineseChinese中国人,JapaneseJapanese日本人,FrenchmanFrenchmen法国人,EnglishmanEnglishmen英国人,GermanGermans德国人,AmericanAmericans美国人,EgyptianEgyptians埃及人,RussianRussians俄国人,ItalianItalians意大利人,.,不同国家的人的单复数,口诀：中日瑞士不用变，英法国人A变E，其余S加后面名称总称（谓语用复数）一个人两个人,.,thisthatIyouhe/she/itam/is,these,those,we,you,they,are,单数复数,.,不规则名词复数变化三,this-that-I-me-you-he/she/it/-him/her/it-am/is-,thesethoseweusyoutheythemare,.,句子单数变复数Thisisabook.Thatisaneraser.Itisaredapple.Iamaboy.He/Sheisateacher.Whatsthis?,Thesearebooks.Thoseareerasers.Theyareredapples.Weareboys.Theyareteachers.Whatrethese?,.,复数句子变单数句子Thesearedictionaries.单数一般疑问句,并作肯定回答划线提问,Thisisadictionary.,Arethesedictionaries?Yes,theyare.,Whatarethese?,.,四.不可数名词数量的表示,.,不可数名词,3.抽象类,1.液体类,2.粉末类,coffee,bread,love,容易改变自身形状的物体,Doyouknow?,不加sBe动词用is,.,（2）不可数名词的量化借助一些单位来表示一定的数量aglassof/acupof/apieceofabottleof/abagof/abowlof表示重量的名词往往是可数名词，他们可变成复数形式。twoglassesofwater,twobagsofrice借助一些表示不定数量的不定代词来修饰，常见的有：Some,any,alittle,little,much,alotof,lotsof,.,特别的的复数形式：单复数同形：deer(鹿);sheep(绵羊);people(人们);police(警察)注意：fishes指鱼的种类。不可数名词可量化：数词+量词+of+不可数名词twopiecesofnews/paper/work/bread/meatabottleofmilk/waterthreebowlsofricetencupsoftea注意：twopapers：两张试卷P76,.,不可数名词UncountableNouns,不能直接用数来计数的词，它没有复数形式。（1）常见的不可数名词抽象名词beauty,fun,health,love固体bread,glass,meat,wood,silk液体honey,jam,wine,milk,juice,oil气体air,smoke天气weather,rain,snow,fog,wind,sunshine粮食和粉状物wheat,rice,corn,flour,sugar,salt,.,(3)表示容积，如cup,bottle,bowl,bag,glass,box,tube,bucket等，例如：acupoftea一杯茶abowlofrice一碗饭abagofrice一袋米twoglassesofwater两杯水atubeoftoothpaste一管牙膏*注意：可数名词后可加-s，不可数名词后不能加-s。如：twoboxesofbooks两箱书(4)表示动作或状态，如burst,gust,flash,fit等，例如：aburstoflaughter一阵笑声agustofwind一阵风,.,这种单位词有四类：(1)表示个数，如piece,bit,item,article等。例如：abitofwood一片木头anitemofnews一则新闻(2)表示形状，如cake,slice,block,ear,bar,drop,heap等。例如：acakeofsoap一块肥皂asliceofmeat一片肉ablockofice一块冰anearofwheat一穗麦子abarofchocolate一条巧克力,.,coffee,somecoffee,acupofcoffee,twocupsofcoffee,apieceofajarofabaroftwoglassesof6bottlesof,量词,.,some,an,a,不可数名词+可数的复数,单数名词，以元音音标开头a.e.i.o.u,单数名词,.,Whosebreadisthis?,Whoseisthisbread?,Jays?,Kenans?,Xiaoshenyangs?,.,Whoseisthisjam?,Whosejamisthis?,Halis?,Lanyangyangs,Huitailangs,.,Whosechoclateisthis?,Whoseisthischoclate?,Yaomings?,Yixius?,MissZhongandMisszhaos?,.,Whoseisthiswater?,Whosewateristhis?,YixiusandXiaoyes,DingdangsandDaxiongs,HuitailangsandHongtailangs,.,名词的所有格：1大多数表示生命的单数名词或不以-S结尾的复数名词，直接加s如：我哥哥的瓶子：mybrothersbottle;我孩子们的玩具mychildrenstoys2共同拥有的：LucyandLilys各自拥有的：LucysandLilys注意：不管单复数,只要以s结尾,所有格形式在后面直接加即可。如老师办公室theteachersoffice;注意：atMr.Whites在怀特家;atthedoctors在医生诊所。拓展：the+形容词表示一类人，谓语动词用复数如：老人们很开心：Theoldareveryhappy.theWhites怀特一家人；怀特夫妇。,.,无生命的名词的所有格的习惯表达：结构为：of+名词如：房子的门：thedoorofthehouse书的封面：thecoverofthebook注意：有些习惯表达是这样的：今天的报纸：todaysnewspaper十个小