武汉市中考阅读理解精讲.docx

初中阅读理解（2011-2016） 中考的体裁应用文（A），记叙文（B、C），多叙人或夹叙夹议，有故事情节，包括时间，地点，任务及事情经过，篇长250-300词左右，3篇文章总长1000词左右（含题干）。阅读理解的难度由什么决定？1 对题材不熟悉。阅读理解的题材均贴近生活，一般是励志故事，生活情节，阅读材料本身具有时代性思想性和教育性，能让学生在阅读和答题的过程中受到潜移默化的教育。阅读材料更加生活化和实用化，使试题与学生的学习和生活紧密联系起来，突出了对学生常见事情的关注，对中学英语教学有积极的导向作用。特别喜欢考亲情，友情，传递爱，帮助他人，不要以貌取人_2 生词或者熟词生义（一篇文章生词不超过3%，即9个生词左右）1）（2015中考阅读）Molly will still be involved in decision-making, and shes going to stay in touch with the people who work for her._2）（2015中考阅填）Ive lost my front door key and 60 pounds. I am really fed up._3)(2015四调) A well was in the yard of the center. The well, was only eight inches across, and a rock always covered it.3 长难句（分析句子成分，还有复合句的理解，如定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句）怎么形成：复合句，加插入语，加其他成分，改变句子顺序。处理方法：划分成分，改为简单句;判断代词指代关系( 在这一句的前一句，或者前几个句子中，或后面，找到代词代指的名词，注意单复数也要吻合)1） Balllmer,president(总裁) of Microsoft corp,received a warm welcome at Tsinghua University when he gave a talk on the next generation(一代) of the Internet on September 19th.2） After a few days,I went to see Dinana for some snacks when Wivien came and sat with me.She offered me a sandwich.She also offered one to Diana,but Diana refused it.She walked away.I was angry with Diana for being so rude and thoughtless.4 干扰项1.选项绝对：出现了never，all等要斟酌2. 张冠李戴（A内容放在B上）3.以偏概全：针对某人或某事说的，不可以扩大范围4.无中生有：文中没提到的信息一般不选5.断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息,个别字眼,次要的事实,细节冒充全文的主要观点。除了长难句是需要语法基础，大部分都是对学生思维层面的要求。第一讲：阅读理解-细节题（A篇基本都是细节题）细节题文章中都能找到，但是不可能一模一样，有时候会用不同词语或句型表达相同意思，即语义转换。数字计算体要仔细关注每一个细节和文中所有相关条件。常见提问：Which of the following is not true/mentioned?According to the passage,when,where,why,who,what,which+how（2014武汉中考B篇） Almost all cultures celebrate the end of one year and the beginning of another in some way. Different cultures celebrate the beginning of a new year in different ways, and at different times on the calendar.In Western countries, people usually celebrate New Year at midnight on December 31st-January 1st. People may go to parties, sometimes dressed in formal（正式的）clothes, and the may drink champagne（香槟）at midnight. During the first minutes of the new year, people cheer and wish each other happiness for the year ahead. But some cultures prefer to celebrate the new year by waking up early to watch the sun rise. They welcome the new wear with the first light of the sunrise.Many cultures also do special things to get rid of（摆脱）bad luck at the beginning of a new year. For example, in Ecuador, families make a big doll from old clothes. The doll is filled with old newspapers and firecrackers. At midnight, these dolls are burned to show the bad things from the past year are gone and the new year can start afresh（重新）. Other common traditions to keep away bad luck in a new year include throwing things into rivers or the ocean, or saying special things on the first day of the new year.Other New Year traditions are followed to bring good luck in the new year. One widespread Spanish tradition for good luck is to eat grapes on New Years Day. The more grapes a person eats, the more good luck the person will have in the tear. In France, people eat pancakes for good luck at New Year. In the United States, some people eat black-eyed peas for good luck-but to get good luck for a whole year you have to eat 365 of them!61. The reading is mainly about_.A. the meaning of “Happy New Year!”B. several different New Year traditionsC. what to eat on New Years DayD. why people dress up nicely on New Years Day62. Its clear that_.A. some cultures celebrate New Year in the morningB. the Western people celebrate New Year only on New Years DayC. people in Ecuador go to parties on December 31st-January 1stD. no cultures do special things to celebrate New Year63. In some cultures, people throw things into rivers or oceans to_.A. bring good luckB. keep away bad luckC. forget everythingD. plan for the next year64. To have a happy new year,_.A. friends talk to each other in special waysB. families make big dolls filled with old clothesC. some people get up early to watch the sunrise D. Europeans eat 365 grapes on New Years Day65. When eating black-eyed peas on New Years Day, people think_.A. one pea brings one day of luckB. black-eyed peas are the best medicineC. the peas are too black and taste badD. the peas are helpful to count numbers61-65 BABCAReading is always profitable.开卷有益.第二讲：阅读理解-主旨题主旨题主要测试学生对文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能力。在处理这类问题时，通常采用快读方法，先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，因为这样可以使注意力集中于文章的整体思路及要点之间的联系，而较慢的阅读会 使你过分注意细节，甚至个别词，因而影响对主题的概括。特别要注意仔细阅读开头段和结尾段，因为大多数文章的中心思想都出现在这两段里。1 常用提问方式1 The passage is mainly about_.2 Which is the best title/headline of the passage?(简明，信息不全面，有的标题对文章的人和主题有比喻)开门见山 点明主旨1 主题句前有转折词：but , however，although , though ,yet 2 主题句后可以加信息词：next,finally,to begin,with,for example,first,second,also,besides3 文章最后一句前加上信息词，成立的是主题句：therefore,in conclusion,in a word,in summary,as a result,thus 2015九年级元月调考 Can you speak to dolphins?Of course you can but you wont be able to understand them!We interviewed abiologistand asked her what research on dolphin communication has shown.This is what she told us.Justlikedogs,catsandothermammals,dolphinscommunicatebyusingsound,vision(觉),touchandtaste.Eachdolphinhasitsownsignaturewhistletoidentifyitselfandtocallothers.Dolphinsdonthavetheabilitytosmell,buttheirhearingandeyesightareexcellent.WealsoaskedJaneifdolphinshavegottheirownlanguage.Shetoldusthattheyhaveandthatdolphinsstartedtalkingtoeachotherfrombirth.Theymakedifferentsounds,includingwhistles,squeaksandclick.Sometimestheyevensoundlikeaheavymetalband!WethenaskedJaneifanyinterestingexperimentshavebeendone.Shetoldusthataveryinterestingexperimenthadbeendonewithamotherdolphinandhertwo-year-oldbabyinanaquarium.Theytalkedtoeachotheroverthetelephone!Thetwodolphinswereinseparatetankswhichwereconnectedbyaspecialunderwatersystem.Unfortunatelythebiologistscouldntunderstandwhatthedolphinsweretalkingaboutbecausetheyhaventbeenabletodecodedolphinlanguageyet.However,itwasveryclearthatthedolphinsknewwhattheyweretalkingabout.FinallyweaskedJaneiftherewashopethatwewouldbeabletounderstanddolphinsinthenear future.Shetoldusthatsheandherteamhavebeenlisteningtodolphinsformorethan17years,usingspecialequipmenttorecordandanalyzetheirlanguage.Unfortunatelytheyhaventbeen abletodecodeityet,butwhoknowsmaybeoneday.Well getaphonecallfromadolphin.( )1.Itsclearthat_.A.wecanspeaktodolphinsbutnottalkwithB.dolphinshavenotgottheirownlanguageC.researchesondolphinshavejustbegunD.onlybiologistsknowwhatdolphinstalkabout( )2.Thebesttitleofthereadingmaymostprobablybe_.A.AnInterestingExperimentB.MotherDolphinandBabyC.AnimalTalkD.FurtherResearch( )3.Theword“analyze”inthereadingmean_.A.useB.translateC.copyD.study( )4.Whichofthefivesenseshaventdolphinsgot?A.SmellB.TouchC.TasteD.Vision( )5.Theinterestingexperimenttellsus_.A.dolphinscouldtalkintheirownlanguageB.onlymotherdolphinwasabletotalktoherbabyC.thebiologistscandecodedolphinlanguageD.thetwodolphinsweretalkingbytouch1-5 ACDAA 通读全文，整合段落大意，总结主旨找出每段主题句，按照意思归类整合，结合作者的观点态度，得出全文主旨。主题句一般在每段第一句。有时候 在段末，作者先摆事实，再做结论。位于段落中间，可能是第二句。2014年武汉市江岸区四校联考英语试卷 A wise old gentleman retired and bought a small and comfortable house near a junior middle school. He spent his first few weeks of retirement in peace. Then a new school year started. Every afternoon three young boys came down his street, kicking happily every trashcan（垃圾罐） they came across, The crashing noise continued day after day, until finally the wise old man decided it was time to take action. The next afternoon, he walked out to meet the young kids as they walked their way down the street. Stopping them, he said, “You kids are a lot of fun. I like to see you show your energy like that. I used to do the same thing when I was your age. Ill give you each a dollar if you promise to come around every day and do your thing.” The kids were very pleased and continued to do their job on the trashcans. After a few days, the old man greeted the kids again, but this time he had a sad smile on his face. “The day before yesterday, I got a lot of money stolen,” he told them. “From now on, Ill only be able to pay you 50 cents to kick the cans.” The noise-makers were clearly unhappy, but they did accept his offer and continued their after-school work. A few days later, the old man approached to them again as they kicked their cans down the street. “Look,” he said. “My TV set didnt work last week. It cost much money to have it repaired, so Im not going to be able to give you more than 25 cents. Will that be okay?”“Just a quarter?” the biggest kid shouted. “If you think were going to waste our time, kicking these cans around for a quarter, you are nuts! No way, master. We quit!”( ) 66.Why did the three kids kick trashcans after school?A. Because they could make some money to do so.B. Because it was the work that the old man gave them to do.C. Because they wanted to have something interesting to do on the way home after school.D. Because they wanted to draw the old mans attention.( ) 67. Which do you think is the best title of the reading?A. Less and less money. B. Kicking trashcans.C. A good way for peace. D. An old man and three kids.( ) 68. What do you think of the old man?A. He stopped the kids making noise in a clever way.B. It was not right of him to cheat the kids.C. He was too lazy to kick the cans himself.D. It was unnecessary for him to waste too much money asking the kids to kick the cans for him.( ) 69. What does the phrase “approached to” mean in the reading?A. shouted at B. came close to C. came across D. got away from( ) 70. The reading doesnt say but we can infer that at last_.A. The old man got very angry. B. The old man lived a peaceful life for the rest of his days.C. The three children would not be able to enjoy themselves any more.D. The three children thought the old man paid them too little. 61-65 DDBCB 66-70 CCABB总结：Whatever you go, go with all your heart.无论做什么事,一定要全力以赴第三讲：阅读理解-词义题（9个左右的生词）1 常见提问：What does the underlined word”mean?2 方法：根据猜的词的前后句来猜测，还要还原代词指代部分。3 处理生词的策略：良好心态，对于完全不影响上下文理解的生词不纠结，对于暂时不影响继续阅读的生词先划上记号，需要的时候回头来解决，对于直接影响阅读的生词最好立即解决，但注意时间。 4 处理生词的方法：1) 构词法来猜测，通过词根加前后缀来推断：unhappy,impolite,dislike,hopeless,sadness,development,_2)通过词性转化:face:Lets face the challenges._3)根据上下文来猜测，生词后面可能就有解释它的定语，标语，同位语甚至标点以及for example 后接的例子The Man has known something about the planets Venus and Mars ._4)注意否定词not,连词and,or,but以及其他表示递进，对比，转折，让步，因果等逻辑关系的词或词组，如happy and gay_1 2013年武汉市初中毕业生学业考试C Martin Lynch, an American businessman, had been going on vacation to a small Mexican fishing village for a number of ears. One morning while going for a walk along the beach, he saw his friend Pablo Perez, a local fisherman. Martin watched Pablo unload his boat and pack the fish in a box. Martin noticed Pablo was smiling and looked very happy. He could also see several large fish in the boat. Martin greeted Pablo and asked how long it took to catch the fish. “Just a few hours,” replied Pablo. Martin asked, “Why didnt you stay longer and catch more fish?” “I have enough for my family,” Pablo said. “And what do you do with the rest of your day?” asked Martin. “I take a nap, play with my children, spend time with my wife, and go into the village to see my friends and play cards, I have a full and busy life.” Martin explained that if Pablo worked longer hours and caught more fish, he could make more money. With the extra money, Pablo could buy more boats and catch money more fish. By selling the fish, Pablo could open his own factory and sell direct to supermarkets. “Then what?” asked Pablo. “Well you would probably have to move to Mexico City to run the business. Finally, you would be able to sell your business and make millions of dollars,” replied Martin. “How long will that take?” asked Pablo. Martin thought for a while and said it would probably take at least 15 years. “And then what” asked Pablo. “Well, thats the best part,” Martin said. “You will be able to retire, buy a house near the ocean, sleep longer, play with your children, spend more time with your wife, see your friends, and play cards.”66. What is the story mainly about? A. A businessman and a fisherman have become friends. B. A businessman learns how to fish from a fisherman. C. A businessman wants to become a businessman. D. A businessman gives advice to a fisherman. 67. What makes the Mexican fisherman happy is _. A. many friends to visit himB. a full and busy life C. more boats and more fish D. the house near the ocean 68. How can the fisherman make more money in the businessmans view? A. By buying a supermarket. B. To move to Mexico City. C. By selling his own business. D. To work longer and catch more fish. 69. The underlined word “unload” in the passage means _. A. put into B. take away from C. break do