Topic 11 世界与环境.doc

Topic Eleven The World and The Environment 世界与环境 话说中考 本话题是谈论世界与环境问题。世界与环境相互依存，但是近年来人们为了自身的发展，破坏了环境，环境问题日益突出。中考阅读理解对本话题考查是通过阅读小短文理解大意，从短文中归纳、分析出环境与世界的关系，以及了解环境对世界的重要性和作用。目的是培养学生的环境意识，提高学生对环境问题的认识。这就要求学生在日常生活中重视环境问题，养成热爱环境、保护环境的好习惯。 走进中考(福州2010) Cut the Carbon Footprint Everything you do leaves a carbon footprint(碳足迹)For example，when you travel in a taxi，the car gives off(排放) CO2 into the airCO2 is a greenhouse gasGreenhouse gases make the earth become warmTo protect our environment，we need to leave less of a carbon footprintHow big is your carbon footprint? To get an idea，take a look at the following numbers Living areas TV sets and DVD players produce 723kg of CO2 a year If you turn them off when youre not using them，you can cut that number by 108kg Laundry room(洗衣房) Drying clothes in a dryer produces a lot of CO2 If you use your dryer five times per week，you produce 185kg of CO2 per year Dry your clothes in the sun instead Bathroom If you take an eight-minute shower every day，you produce 616kg of CO2 a year If you only use six minutes to take a shower，you can cut that number by 154kg a year 根据短文内容，判断正误。正确用“T”表示，错误用“F”表示。 ( ) 1CO2 is a greenhouse gas that can make the earth warm ( ) 2Watching TV and traveling in a taxi can produce little CO2 ( ) 3If we use a dryer five times per week，we produce 154kg of CO2 per year ( ) 4If we spend less time taking a shower，we can cut the number of CO2 ( ) 5The less of a carbon footprint we leave，the better our environment will become 解析 1T 根据第一段第三句和第四句话可知 CO2 是一种能使地球变暖的温室气体。 2F 根据“TV sets and DVD players produce 723kg of CO2 a year”和文章标题，可知看电视和开车能产生很多 CO2，不是几乎不产生。所以此句的表述是错误的。 3F 根据“If you use your dryer five times per week，you produce 185kg of CO2 per year”可以判断此句是错误的。 4T 根据每天洗澡 8 分钟和每天洗澡 6 分钟产生的二氧化氮的对比说明，时间越短，产生的二氧化碳就相对越少，所以此句的表述是正确的。 5T 根据“To protect our environment，we need to leave less of a carbon footprint ，可知此句正确。 话题专练一 June 5th is World Environment DayThis makes us pay more attention to our environmentWhen Wang Boxuan，a Beijing high schoolboy，uses up his exercise books，he does not throw them awayEach one is kept at his school with hundreds of exercise books that are given by other studentsThen they are sold to a Beijing paper making factory The paper is recycled and used again by students and teachers in the schoolAt the same time，the money that is made from the sales goes to schools in Inner Mongolia(内蒙古)The government there uses the money to plant more trees and grassThis place is one of the sources(源头) of the sandstorms(沙尘暴) that often attack Beijing during springtime Wangs school is one of the schools in the capital that take part in the green promise environmental protection activitySo far，nearly 210000 students have taken part in the activity，collecting more than 87 tons of waste paper 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Wang Boxuan and his schoolmates _ waste exercise books Athrow away Bkeep and sell Ccut up Dgive away ( ) 2The money made from the sales is used to _ Abuy new exercise books Bhelp poor students Cplant trees and grass Dbe kept ( ) 3From the third paragraph，we can know that _ Amany years from now，students will have no exercise books to use Bmany years from now，there will be no waste paper Cmany years from now，the sandstorms will be less serious in Beijing Dmany years from now，Beijing will be much dirtier ( ) 4World Environment Day is on _ A六月十五号 B七月十五号 C六月五号 D七月五号 ( ) 5Which of the following is right? AThe paper is recycled and used again by students and teachers in the school BSo far，all students have taken part in the activity，collecting more than 87 tons of waste paper CAt the same time，the money that is made from the sales goes to schools in BeijingDEach one is kept at his school with few exercise books that are given by other students答案：1B 细节判断题。根据第一段段意可知“存着卖掉”(废纸)。2C 由第二段第三句可知这些钱用来植树、种草。3C 根据第二段最后一句可推出“许多年以后，沙尘暴现象将会得到缓解”。4C June 5th 为六月五号。5A 可用排除法。根据短文内容可知只有 A 正确。二 Two magazines recently listed the best cities to live inHere are two of the cities listed as the worlds best SAN JOSE，COSTA RICAThe city has comfortable weather all year round(15 to 26)Housing is not very expensive in San JoseAlso，many of the citys older neighborhoods are very beautiful and have small hotels and cafes(咖啡馆)Beautiful mountains are around the cityYou can visit them easily from San JoseSo lots of people go sightseeing there every yearBut air pollution is a problem in the city center HONG KONG，CHINA This lively city once a small fishing village is today an international business centerIt is an interesting mix of East and West，old and newModern tall buildings are next to small temples(庙宇)Popular nightclubs are close to traditional teahousesBusy people fill the streets at all hours of the dayBut outside the city，there are parks for walking or relaxingHong Kong is famous for its wonderful native dishesTheres also food from Europe，North America，and other parts of AsiaHowever，this small city has a large populationNearly seven million people live in Hong Kong! Thats why housing is often very expensiveTraffic and air pollution are also problems 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1Which of the following is not mentioned about San Jose? AThe weather BThe mountains CThe air DThe traffic ( ) 2The writer thinks housing in Hong Kong is expensive because _ Ait was a small fishing village Bit is a mix of East and West Cit is famous for its wonderful food Dthere are too many people in the city ( ) 3what do the two cities have in common(有共同之处)? AThey both have beautiful mountains BThey both have a large population CAir pollution is a problem in both DThey are both crowded ( ) 4_ are around the city of SAN JOSE ASmall hotels BSmall cafes CBeautiful mountains DOlder neighborhoods ( ) 5Nearly _ people live in Hong Kong!A70000 B700000 C7000000 D70000000答案：1D 纵观第二段对城市 SAN JOSE 的介绍，只有 D 没有提到。2D 根据倒数第一段倒数二、三句可知原因是人多。3C 由于第二段和第三段最后一句都提到了 air pollution，故这是它们的共同之处。4C 根据第二段第四句 Beautiful mountains are around the city可知。5C 由于 seven million 为七百万，故答案为 C。三 I cant remember when I started collecting litter(垃圾)But it was when I got tired of seeing litter near my home and realized that no one else was going to pick it up I live close to a forest in Ohio，AmericaI can walk there in three minutes! I used to love going there to play with my dogBut one day there was so much litter there that I became very unhappyI decided to clean up the forestI wanted to feel happy going there again I made my first trip to clean the forest that afternoonI took a big black rubbish bag with meTen minutes after starting to pick up litter，my bag was full! It had cans，bottles，broken glass and newspapers in it Since that first trip three years ago，Ive gone to the forest four times a year to pick up litterIm often there for three hoursIt makes me feel great to do something for the environment After each trip，I look at all the litter Ive foundIf any of it is recyclable(可回收的)，I keep itI cant understand why people drop litterBut I will keep picking it up until they stop dropping it I know I can only do a small bit to help the earth，but I still think it is important 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1When did the writer begin to collect litter? AWhen he was very young BAfter his home moved to a new place CWhen he realized no one else was going to pick it up D After he left school ( ) 2The writer lives _ Ain a forest Bnear a forest Cfar away from a forest Din a place with much litter ( ) 3The writer collects litter _ Ain order to make money Bin order to make fun Cin order to get a prize Din order to make the place clean ( ) 4The writer collects litter _ Ain the forest Bin the street Cin the park Din the school ( ) 5From the passage we infer(推断) _ Athe writer will go on collecting litter Bthe environment will be more beautiful if everyone tries his best to protect it Cthe writer always collects a lot of litterDthe writer thinks he does a great thing答案：1C 根据第一段第二句可判断。2B 由第二段开头一句“I live close to a forest in Ohio，America”可知，其中 close 意为 neat。3D 根据第二段最后两句可知他捡拾垃圾是为了使那个地方保持干净。4A 纵观全文可知是在森林。5B 由于这里是问能推断出什么，选项 A 和 D 都在文中提及，故不用推断。C 项说法不符文意。四 Think of all the things you throw away：juice bottles，soda cans，candy coversIt adds upHow much rubbish do you produce? Americans throw away about 1 ton of rubbish per person every yearThats 2000 pounds of rubbish! Most of the rubbish gets covered in big holes in the round called landfills(垃圾掩埋法) A lot of this rubbish can be recycled，or turned back to something usefulThe main things we recycle today are made from metal，paper People recycle for many reasonsOne of the main reasons is to protect resources(资源)Making new cans out of old ones means less aluminum(铝) is needed for new cans This leads to a second reason people recycle：it saves energyRecycling old aluminum cans take much less energy than making new aluminumTo make new aluminum，you need to mine metal ore(矿石) from the ground，remove it，and refine it，into a finished metal Recycling also protects valuable landBy recycling，we produce less rubbishThat means fewer landfills are needed for dropping our rubbish Because metals are some what costly to make，they are the worlds most recycled materialsAbout two-thirds of all steel(钢) is recycled Almost all drink cans are made of aluminumAmericans recycle about one-third of their used aluminum cansEmpty cans are sent to special factoriesThere，they are cleaned，melted，and made into new pieces of aluminum Americans use lots of paper mostly in the form of newspapers，magazines，and cardboard boxesIn fact，paper takes up more space in landfills than any other material Old paper can be cut and made are into new paperAmericans recycle a little more than one-third of their paper rubbishNew papers are made from trees，each ton of recycled paper saves about 17 trees! 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1You can most probably read the passage in _ Aa science book Ba Chinese book Ca history book Da geography book ( ) 2The underlined word recycle in the second paragraph means _ A销毁 B收集 C熔化 D回收利用 ( ) 3Why do people recycle rubbish? ATo protect resources because its hard to make new resources BIt can save energy，because the resources are limited(有限) CTo protect valuable land，because there is no place to bury rubbish DTo protect resources，save energy and protect valuable land ( ) 4Which one is right? APeople recycle paper from the trees BPapers take up less space in the landfills CAmericans recycle a little more than 1/3 of their paper rubbish DTo recycle paper cant protect their environment ( ) 5The main idea of the passage is _ ATo let us know it is a big job deal with rubbish BTo explain the reasons for rubbish recycle CTo describe know to recycle metal，paperDTo explain how to recycle rubbish and why to do so答案：1A 本题为综合理解题，通读本短文可知本文为一科普知识类的文章，可能在科普类书籍上看到，故应选 A。2D 本题为单词理解题，读短文可知，本文主要分析了垃圾回收再利用的原因；再由关键句“The main things we recycle today are made from metal，paper”可知 recycle 意思应为“回收利用”之意，故本题只能选 D。3D 由短文的第三、四、五段可知，垃圾回收再利用的原因主要有三个，故可知，选项 A、B、C 所述的原因不全面，故应选 D。4C 本题为综合理解题，我们可以用排除法，再由关键句“Americans recycle a little more than one-third of their paper rubbish”可知本题应选 C。5B 本题为综合理解题，我们可以用排除法，从而可以确定仅有选项 B(解释垃圾回收利用的原因。)是正确的。五 Who would guess that those blue green waves hide a world of wonder and danger far below? Sunlight cannot reach there，so plants cannot growYet 10 million kinds of sea animals live under the wavesThere you will find some of the earths most strange creatures The sea covers more than 70 percent of the earthAbout 97 percent of the space for living things is there，tooAt its deepest，it goes more than 11000 metres (6.9 miles) down Why has less than 5 percent of this amazing world been explored? Because it takes more than courage to explore the oceansIt also takes moneyOnly with very expensive tools can we deal with the danger of the seaBut now several countries are exploring the oceans more than ever before 根据短文内容判断正(T)误(F)。 ( ) 1Many plants are growing in the deep ocean ( ) 21000000 kinds of animals live under the waves ( ) 35% of the world of deep oceans has been explored so far ( ) 4The correct meaning for the phrase under the waves is under the sea( ) 5People have never explored the oceans before答案：1F 由文中“Sunlight cannot reach there，so plants cannot grow”可知。2F 由 10 million 为一千万可知错误。3F 由最后一段 Why has less than 5 percent of this amazing world been explored?”可知。4T 词义理解题。这里意思是指“海底的”5F 由前面提到已开发 less than 5% 以及最后一句。可知人们并不是从来没有开发。六 Jane Goodall first made friends with a chimp(黑猩猩) when she was one year oldOn her first birthday her mother carried her to the zoo near her home and bought her a toy chimpShe loved her furry(毛绒的) friend very muchAt age 7，Jane Gooddall read DrDoolittle，a book about a doctor who could talk to animalsShe wanted to be able to talk to her favorite animal，tooShe expected to go to Africa some day so that she could learn more about chimpsWhen Jane grew up，she still dreamed of going to AfricaShe got her wish when she was 26 years oldShe went to Gombe National Park where many chimps lived in the forests Jane watched the chimps closely day after dayShe saw that they were a lot like peopleThey could think and make plansThey used toolsThey showed their fear，pain，or pleasureSometimes，they foughtOften，they hugged(拥抱) and kissed Scientists were surprised by what Jane sawThey knew that the relation between chimps and humans was the closestHowever，they did not know they acted so much like us Jane still has the toy chimp she was given as a childShe has studied her furry friends for over 30 yearsNow，she speaks for them to groups around the worldShe hopes that what she has to say will make others do something to protect chimps from being hurt 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1When Jane was 7，she wanted _ Ato read DrDoolittle again Bto talk to animals，too Cto buy another toy chimp Dto meet a doctor at once ( ) 2Jane went to Gombe National Park to _ Ahave a trip there Btrain a baby chimp Clearn more about chimps Dprotect the chimps there ( ) 3The scientists were surprised when they heard that _ Athe chimps could act so much like humans BJane had been in Africa for such a long time CJane watched the chimps closely day after day DJane still had the toy chimp she was given as a child ( ) 4Jane speaks for chimps to groups around the world to _ Ahelp the scientists learn more about chimps Bstudy her furry friends in some other countries Cmake more people do something to protect chimps Dlet people know that chimps are lovely animals ( ) 5From the passage，we can learn that _ AJane found more about chimps than the scientists did BJane dreamed of going to Africa when she was 26 CJane could talk to chimps with the help of the scientistsDJane knew nothing about chimps before going to Africa答案：1B 由文中第一段“She wanted to be able to talk to her favorite animal，too”可知。2C 根据下文可知她去的目的是进一步了解黑猩猩。3A 根据第三段可推出是对黑猩猩行为举止与人如此相似感到惊奇。4C 由文中最后一句句意可知。5A 根据倒数第二段可知她了解的比科学家们还要多。七 1970 was the World Conservation(保护) YearThe United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world is in dangerThey hoped that governments would act quickly in order to conserve nature Here is an example of the problemsAt one time there were 1300 different plants，trees and flowers in Holland，but now only 860 leftThe others have been destroyed by modern man and his technologyWe are changing the earth，the air，the water，and everything that grows and livesWe cant live without these thingsIf we go on like this，we shall destroy ourselves What will happen in the future? Perhaps it is more important to ask What must we do now? The people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young people todayA lot of them know that conservation is necessaryMany are helping save our worldThey plant trees，protect wild animals，and so onIn a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the 11-kilometer-long banks of the riverYoung people may hear about conservation through a record called NO ONEIS GOING TO CHANGE OUR WORLDIt was made by the Scatles，Cliff Richard and other singersThe money from it will help to conserve wild animals 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1From the passage we know that there are _ in Holland now Amore trees Bmore flowers Cfewer plants Dfewer animals ( ) 2This passage is mainly about conserving _ Aman Bnature Cwild animals Dwild plants ( ) 3Whats the meaning of the sentence If we go on like this，we shall destroy ourselves? AWe cant live on the earth someday BWe cant see plants CWe cant see animals DOur life will be hard ( ) 4The money