商务英语综合教程第三册第8单元教参练习答案.doc

Unit EightInternational Trade Warm-up ActivitiesI. Starting up3. What Is the Best Order?BACFGDE4. Words-matching1. b ; 2.a; 3.l; 4. m; 5. i; 6. o; 7. j; 8. f; 9. d; 10.g; 11.e; 12.c; 13.n; 14.h; 15.k.II.ListeningPart A. What Is International Trade?1)International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events. Political change in Asia, for example, could result in an increase in the cost of labor, thereby increasing the manufacturing costs for an American sneaker company based in Malaysia, which would then result in an increase in the price that you have to pay to buy the tennis shoes at your local mall. A decrease in the cost of labor, on the other hand, would result in paying less for your new shoes. 2)Trading globally gives consumers and countries the opportunity to be exposed to goods and services not available in their own countries. Almost every kind of product can be found on the international market: food, clothes, spare parts, oil, jewelry, wine, stocks, currencies and water. Services are also traded: tourism, banking, consulting and transportation. A product that is sold to the global market is an export, and a product that is bought from the global market is an import. Imports and exports are accounted for in a countrys current account in the balance of payments.Part B1. Ricardian model (b)2. Heckscher-Ohlin model(c)3. The gravity model (a)Part C.In November 1991China joined the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) group.In 2001China served as APEC chair, and Shanghai hosted the annual APEC leaders meeting.During Premier Zhu Rongjis 1999 visit to the United States Premier Zhu Rongji signed a bilateral Agricultural Cooperation Agreement, which lifted longstanding Chinese prohibitions on the import of citrus, grain, beef, and poultry.In November, 1999the United States and PRC reached a historic bilateral market-access agreement to pave the way for the PRCs accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO).In summer 2000China reached a bilateral WTO agreement with the EU and other trading partners. December 11, 2001The PRC joined the WTO.Part D.1China ranks ninth worldwide in services output.2Chinas global trade exceeded $1 trillion, about $1.15 trillion in 2004, more than doubling from 2001.3According to U.S. statistics, China had a trade surplus with the U.S. of $170 billion in 2004, more than doubling from 1999. 4Foreign-invested enterprises produce about 45% of Chinas exports, and China continues to attract large investment inflows. 5In 1999, China received nearly $39 billion in foreign direct investment. 6Foreign exchange reserves exceeded $800 billion in 2005.In-Class ExercisesI. Reading Comprehension1. He advocated free trade.2. The original arguments for free trade began to supplant mercantilist views in the early to mid-18th century. During the 19th and 20th centuries, however, a series of objections were raised suggesting that free trade was not in everyones interest and perhaps was not even in the national interest. What remains today is a modern, sophisticated argument in support of free trade among nations. It is an argument that recognizes that there are numerous exceptions to the notion that free trade is in everyones best interests.3. The most prominent arguments against free trade include the infant industry argument, the terms of trade argument, arguments concerning income redistribution, and more recently, strategic trade policy arguments. And the most important arguments for free trade include the potential for retaliation, the theory of the 2nd-Best, the likelihood of incomplete or imperfect information and the presence of lobbying in a democratic system.4. It is an argument that recognizes that there are numerous exceptions to the notion that free trade is in everyones best interests. It does not argue, however, that these exceptions are invalid or illogical.5. An open-ended question. The students are free to say whatever they think regarding the question.6. The main source of support for free trade lies in the positive production and consumption efficiency effects.7. Improvements in production efficiency mean that countries can produce more goods and services with the same amount of resources. In other words, productivity rises for the given resource endowments available for use in production. In order to achieve production efficiency improvements resources must be shifted between industries within the economy.8. As trade opens, either the country specializes in the products in which it has a comparative technological advantage. Or, production is shifted to industries which use the countrys relatively abundant factors most intensively. Or, production is shifted to products in which the country has relatively less demand compared with the rest of the world. Or, production shifts to products which exhibit economies of scale in production. If production shifts occur for any of these reasons, or for some combination of these reasons, then trade models suggest that total production would rise. This would be reflected empirically in an increase in the countrys gross domestic product (GDP). This means that free trade would cause an increase in the level of the countries national output and income. 9. The consumer is able to consume greater varieties or is able to purchase a variety that is closer to his ideal. 10. No. Because the use of an aggregate indifference curve generally requires the assumptions that, 1) all consumers have identical preferences and 2) there is no redistribution of income as a result of the changes in the economy. We have seen however, that in most trade models income redistribution will occur as an economy moves to free trade. It is probably also likely that individuals have different preferences for goods.IIword practice1. Autarky 2. Contract3. Deflected4. Dynamic5. Empirically6. Endowment7. Equivalent8. Implementation9. Induced10. Invalid11. multiple12. Output13. Purchased14. Supplanted15. Utility Extended ExerciseI. DictationThe economic answer to make rational decision has always been to choose policies on the basis of aggregate economic efficiency. This means we should choose policies which cause more benefits, in total, than losses. In most instances this will occur if a country pursues free trade. However, this argument supporting free trade has been used so often by so many that it is often misrepresented or incompletely described. The popular notion that economic competition and free trade is best for everyone is simply not what economics tells us. Although the net effect may be positive, benefits will not necessarily be positive for every individual involved even in the long-run. In light of this information about the effects of free trade, it is reasonable to ask if a case can be made to support free international competition, a free global economy, without using the economic efficiency argument. The answer is yes. Besides being the policy most likely to maximize the size of our economic pie, free trade also affects the determinants of economic success in a fundamental way. It is likely to generate more satisfactory determinants of economic success than could be realized under any system of protectionism. IIWord practice（Blank Filling）1. preference for2. abundant3. in the form of4. portrayed5. Objection6. levels criticism against7. a collection of 8. With reference to9. affirmation10. in the interests of11. plays a large role in12. bring forth13. generate14. abundant15. aggregateIII. ClozeIn the continuing public debate between free trade and protectionism the lessons that economic theory teaches are often misunderstood or misrepresented. Perhaps the reason is that each side in the debate tends to emphasize the positive aspects of their position while virtually ignoring the negative aspects. For example, free trade advocates tend to emphasize the opportunities that free trade will open up for exporters and consumers. It is common to hear that free trade is a win-win situation; or that it is a positive-sum rather than a zero-sum game. Opponents of free trade, on the other hand, tend to emphasize the threats that open competition with low-wage countries will pose to our import-competing industries. More specifically they will argue that free trade will cause painful job losses to already low paid workers in our economy.IV. Complete the following passage by choosing the words from the box. .Put the following sentences into English with the proper phrases given in the box.a collection of as a result of be equivalent to bring forth in ones (best) interest(s) (to do something) in reference to in support of in the form of deflect sth (away) from (doing) sth level criticism/charges/accusations etc at/against somebody play a (some/large) part/role (in) doing sth preference for1. The community committee believes that it is in every residents (best) interest(s) to have a park built in the community.2. These three-week courses are designed for those academically talented students who have preference for science.3. All hes done so far is to deflect attention away from his wifes death.4. It is said that a split family brings irreversible psychological hurt to childrens mind.5. Your monthly income now is equivalent to those of fifty persons two years ago.Text IIExercises I.Speed Reading Comprehension 1.C2. D3. C4. B5. D II.Word practice1. coated2. erupted3. launch4. leftover5. pile6. scoff7. stacks8. trumped9. unease10. wailing Text IIIExercises IReading Comprehension1. C2. B3. B4. D5. AII. Structure Analysis 1. What style of writing is adopted in the text?Argumentation.2. What paragraph is the topic paragraph of the text?The paragraph 4.3. Besides the trade deficit, what do the authors talk about in the first four paragraphs? Do you think they are necessary for the whole text?They also talk about the trade benefits for the two countries, especially the U.S.4. What evidence is presented in the paragraph 5-15 to support the main idea? Do you think the evidence is proper and convincing?All the examples and numbers in the paragraph 5-15 are evidence. The students are free to express their opinions about the examples and numbers. This is an open-ended question. 5. How do the authors conclude the text? Do you think it is a good conclusion? Give your reasons.They conclude that the industrial structures of China and the United States can strongly complement each other, which guarantees a bright future and greater development for broad economic and trade co-operation between the two nations.6. Work in pairs, trying to complete an outline of the text according to the following steps.1) IntroductionPoint 1: Bilateral trade between China and the United States benefits both sides.Point 2: The huge trade deficit has become a big issue