中美司法制度的不同(英文版)ppt课件.ppt

,What?WhatsthedifferencebetweentheAmericanjudicialsystemandtheChineseone?,WhatsthedifferencebetweentheAmericanjudicialsystemandtheChineseone?,DIFFERENCE,Betweenthelawyers,Betweenthedisposingoftestimony,Betweenthejurysystem,Betweenthejudgesystem,Betweentheinterviewwithwitness,Differencebetweenthelawyers,Thedifferencebetweentypes,Thedifferencebetweenrights,Thedifferencebetweenprofessionalrequirements,Types,Lawyerinlawoffice,America,Publiclawyer,Privatelawyer,America,Publiclawyer,China,Professionallawyer,Part-timelawyer,Rights,Americalawyershaveanirreplaceableeffect.Noonebutonlylawyerswithlocallicensehavetherightofadvocacyandappeal,ChinaCitizenscanhavetherightofadvocacywithoutcharginganyagencyfee.,ProfessionalRequirements,Americaeverystateshaveitsownlawnounifiedlawyersqualificationtest.Differentstateshavedifferentrequirement,ChinaUnifiedlawyersqualificationtest,Differencebetweenthedisposingoftestimony,IntheAmericaThestepsofdisposingtestimony,Collecting,Expositing,Affirming,Lawyers,Jury,InChina,theprocedureofcollectingiscalled“TestimonyAcceptance”EvidencesareprovidedmandatorilywithcertainconditionsThewayevidencesiscollectedispassiveLawyersmayseizesomeresponsibilityfromthejudge,ThedifferencesofJurySystem,NO1.connotationNO2.thequalificationofthejurorsNO3.ScopeofapplicationNO4.JuryselectionNO5.thetermofofficeofthejurors,ThedifferencesofJurySystem,America:是指特定人数的有选举权的公民参与决定是否起诉嫌犯、并对案件作出判决的制度。,China:是中国的一项基本诉讼制度，是指国家审判机关吸收普通公民参与刑事、民事、行政案件审判的制度。,NO1.connotation,ThedifferencesofJurySystem,America:从理论上讲，每个美国成年公民都有担任陪审员的资格。但是不满21岁、不在本土居住、不通晓英语及听力有缺陷的人、有犯罪前科者，没有资格充当陪审团成员。,China:中国公民；拥护宪法；满23周岁；品行良好、公道正派；身体健康；一般应具有大学专科以上文化程度。人民代表大会常务委员会的组成人员，人民法院、人民检察院、公安机关、国家安全机关、司法行政机关的工作人员和执业律师等人员，以及因犯罪受过刑事处罚的人员和被开除公职的人员，不得担任人民陪审员。,NO2.thequalificationofthejurors,ThedifferencesofJurySystem,America:isaconstitutionalsystemappliestothetrialandtheprosecution,China:isalitigationsystemonlyappliestothetrial,notincludingtheprosecution,NO3.Scopeofapplication,ThedifferencesofJurySystem,NO4.Juryselection,America：经过以下程序1、法官从当地选民中随机挑选一定数量的人，写信询问是否可担任本案陪审员。2、问卷方式审查是否具备本案陪审员的资格。3、通过“二选”的人在指定时间接受“庭选法官对候选人提问之后要做出决定。,China：通过一定程序的考核并经过权力机关的任命赋予陪审员以权力。选任的人民陪审员要经过一定的法律专业知识培训。在具体个案的审理时由法院从适格的陪审员名单中随机抽取确定。,ThedifferencesofJurySystem,NO5.thetermofofficeofthejurors,America:Usually,theyre“temporaryworkers”andareonlyinvolvedinonecaseHavenowage,China:Thetermofofficeis5yearsWage:6001000permonth,ThedifferencesbetweenAmericanjudgesystemandchinesejudgesystem,Thedifferences,Judgesselectionsystem,Judgessecuritysystem,Judgesdisciplinarysystem,Judgesselectionsystem,America,China,U.S.citizensgraduatefromoneAmericanuniversitylawschoolandacquireaJDdegreeworkedasalawyerforanumberofyears.,atleast23yearsold;ownsalegalprofessionalbachelorsdegreeoraboveornon-legalprofessionalbachelorsdegreebuthavelegalprofessionalknowledge,haveonetothreeyearslegalpracticepasstheNationalJudicialExamination,IntheAmericaitwilllivethroughlongandhardperiodstobecomeanotablejudge.Itnotonlyrequireshighlevellegalknowledgebutlongtimeslegalpractice,atleast3-5years,thejudgesinAmericanaregenerallymorematureandreasonablethanthatinourcountry.,Judgessecuritysystem,LOGO,China,America,lifelongtenuresetuphighsalarysystemthejudgesbehaviorandaddressintheprocesstoperformtheirjudicialfunctionarefreefromaccusation,notregulatethetermofofficeofjudgesandalsodidntlistthereasonsforremovaldefinitelyjudgesmaterialtreatmentgenerallyappliedtothesamestandardwiththeordinarystaff,Judgesdisciplinarysystem,LOGO,China,America,madeaspeciallawithavetherighttowarnorstoptheworkofthejustice,buthavenorighttodeprivethejudgequalification.,iftheviolationconstitutesacrime,thejudgeshouldundertakecriminalresponsibility.Thesanctionscontain:warning,demerit,seriousdemerit,demotion,removalfromofficeatthesametime,lowerwagesandgrades.,5.Thewitness,证人出庭制度,America:forcethewitnesstotestifyincourt.,China:Undervolitionalcontrolwhethertoappearincourtasawitness.Non-mandatory.,如果证人拒不出庭作证，对拒绝作证的证人可以逮捕，必要时可以处以藐视法庭罪。,Thequalificationofwitness,America:noclearconceptAnyonewhocanprovideinformationrelevanttothecaseinalitigation(诉讼)iscalledwitnessIncludingthelitigant(当事人）andexpertwitness(专家证人）,China:Thethirdpersonexceptthesubjectoflitigation(诉讼主体以外的第三人）Excludingthelitigantandexpertwitness(鉴