初中英语专题复习（冠词）-人教版.doc

初中英语专题复习（冠词）【考点精讲】一、不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物，相当于any。这是不定冠词a / an的基本用法。A horse is a useful animal. 2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。A boy is waiting for you at the school gate. 3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4.表示“每一”，相当于every。Take the medicine three times a day. 吃这种药，每日三次。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。Ive tried it three times. Let me try a fourth time.我已试过三次了。让我再试一次吧。6.用在某些固定词组中。a bit 有一点儿; 一会儿 a bit of 一点儿; 少许 a few 一些; 少数几个 a little 一点儿 a lot (of ) 许多a moment later 片刻之后 a pair of 一对，一双 a piece of 一张/片/块 after a while 过一会儿have a good time 玩得很高兴have/take a look看一看have a rest休息have a swim游泳have a test 进行测验once upon a time 从前 leave a message 留话 make a mistake 犯错误 take a photo/picture 照张像in a minute 一会儿; 立刻 make a noise 吵闹 just a moment 等一会儿 want a go 试一试二、定冠词the的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。Beijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。Open the window please. 请把窗户打开。(双方都知道指的是哪一扇窗户)3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。4.指世上独一无二的事物。Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon?太阳、地球和月亮哪个最大？5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。The first truck is the fastest of all.6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great wall长城，the Summer Palace颐和园，7.用在某些形容词前，表示某类人。the rich富人the poor穷人the sick病人the old老人the young年轻人8.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Turners are going home on a train. 9.用在方位词前。on the left在左边 in the east在东方 at the back/front of在的后/前面10.用在乐器名称前。Do you like playing the piano? 你喜欢弹钢琴吗？11.用在表示海洋、河流、山脉、群岛及国家和党派名词前。the Huai River 淮河 the United States of American 美国12.用在某些固定词组中。all the same 仍然all the time 一直at the same time 同时 all the year round 一年到头at the age of 在岁时at the beginning of 起初; 开始at the end of 在的尽头/末尾at the entrance of 在门口at the foot of 在脚下at the head of 在的前面at the moment 此刻by the time 到时候by the way 顺便说do the shopping/washing 买东西/洗衣服give.the message 捎口信给go to the classroom 去教室 in the end 最后 in the hat 戴帽子的 in the middle of the day 中午in the morning在上午in the open air 在户外；在野外jump the queue 不按次序排队the people 人民look the same 看起来很像 on the earth 在地球上the day after tomorrow 后天the day before yesterday 前天the high jump 跳高the long jump 跳远 the next day 第二天the next year下一年the starting line起跑线三、不用冠词的情况1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。Im going to England next week for a holiday.下周我将要去英国度假。2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my, your, his, her等；指示代词this/ these, that/those; 不定代词some, any等及所有格限制时。The letter is in her pocket. 信在她的衣袋里。3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。My father and mother are teachers. 我的父亲和母亲是教师。4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。Today is Thursday, September 10th, Teachers Day.The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn. 注意 如月份、季节被一限定性定语修饰，要加the：He joined the Army in the spring of 1982. 他在1982年春季参军。5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。Happy Teachers Day, Miss Zhao! Here it is, Mom!6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。Can you play basketball? We are having lunch. I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject. 我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。7.固定词组：与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus, by car, by bike, by train, by air/plane, by sea/ship名词词组：day and night, brother and sister, hour after hour, here and there介词词组：at home在家 at noon在中午 at night在晚上 at work在工作 in hospital在住院 in bed躺在床上 in surprise惊奇地 on foot步行 on duty值日 on time准时 on holiday在度假 on business经商 on show展览 on top of在顶部 for example例如 go短语：go home回家 go to bed上床睡觉 go to school去上学 go to work去上班go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼【考题解析】1. We saw_ elephant in the zoo. _ elephant was from India. A. a; The B. the; An C. an; The D. the; A点拨表示泛指某类事物中的一个，用a或an；第二次提到某事物时用the。因elephant以元音e开头。2. If you dont mind, pass me _ apple, please. (2003长沙) A. a B. an C. the D. 不填点拨由前半句If you dont mind的语气判断，此处应用不定冠词表泛指。用定冠词，显得生硬，不礼貌。3. I am reading _ novel. It is _ interesting story. (2003昆明) A. a; an B. a; a C. the; the D. /; an点拨此题考查不定冠词表“泛指”及a与an的用法区别等。4. _ earth we live on is bigger than _ moon. (2003广东) A. The; a B. The; the C. An; a D. An; the 点拨此题考查定冠词用在世上独一无二的名词前的用法。earth, sun, moon, , sky, world前要用定冠词。5. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning. (2003山西)Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a点拨第一空用不定冠词表泛指；由后一句I think I saw it somewhere.(我想我在某个地方见过)可知，第二空用不定冠词泛指“一支黑色的”。6. The boys and girls often play_ football in _ afternoon. (2003兰州) A. /; an B. the; an C./; the D. a; the点拨此题考查零冠词和固定短语。球类运动和三餐等名词前不用冠词。in the afternoong是固定词组。7. Did you enjoy your stay in Hangzhou? (2003杭州)Yes. I had _ wonderful time.A. a B. an C. the D./ 点拨“我们玩地很开心”。此题考查固定短语中不定冠词的用法。have a good/great/wonderful time是固定短语。又如have a rest, have a swim, have a meeting, have a look, have a picnic等。10. Theres _ “h” in the word hour. (2003南京) A. a B. the C. an D. 不填点拨考a和an区别。h是辅音字母但以元音开头，故用an。以元音开头的辅音字母有f, h, l, m, n, r, s x。【专项训练】一、单项选择1. We work five days _ week. A. a B. an C. the D. /2. _book on the desk is _ useful one. A. The; an B. A ; a C. The ; a D. The ; /3. We cant see _ sun at _ night. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; /.D. the; the4. After _ supper, he stayed at home and played _ piano. A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; / 5. I have two dogs._ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old.A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the6. Ive tried it three times. Let me try _ fourth time. A. a B. an C. the D. /7. In the word poridge _ r is lost. A. the B. an C. a D. /8. English is _ useful language in _ world. A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an9. _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu River. A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an 10. This is _ orange. _ orange is on the table. A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An11. Have you seen _ bag? I left it here just now. Is it _ one on the chair near the door?A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a12. I have _ blue coat. A. a B. an C. the D. some13.This is _ apple. Its_ big apple. A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the14. They passed our school _ day before yesterday. A. an B. one C. a D. the15._ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school.A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the16.This is _interesting story-book and it is also _ useful one. A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an17. The museum is quite far. It will take you half _ hour to go there by _bus.A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; /18. Bill is _English teacher. He likes playing _ football. A. a; the B. an; the C. a; / D. an; /19. Shanghai is in_ east of China. A. / B. an C. the D. a20. Beijing is _ beautiful city. Its _ capital of China. A. a; a B. the; the C./; the D. a; the21. Bill had _apple in one hand and _orange in the other.A.a , a B.an , an C.a , the D.the , the22. Is there _“s”in the end of the word? A.an B.a C.the D. /23 My brother will be back in half _hour. A.a B.the C.an D.one24. The word “your” has _“y”,_“o”_“u”and _“r”in it.A.a, a, an, a B.a , an , a , a C.a , an , a , an D.an , an , a , a25. This is_usefull book for beginners in _English. A.a , an B.a , C.a , a D.the , the26. _ book is very usefull. I bought it from_unknown little town. A.A , a B.The, a C.The,the D.The , an 27. He is _university student. A.a B.an C.the D. /28. English is_language. It is_important tool. A.a ,a B.a, an C.the,an D.a , 29.It took me _hour and _half to finish_work. A.a,a,a B.an,an,the C.an,a,the D.an,a,30. _steel worker makes steel. A./ B.A C.This D.These31. There is _bridge over there._bridge is made of wood. A.the,The B.a,A C.the,A D.a, The32. Shut _door,please. A.the B.a C.an D.33. _girl in _Grade Three is _tallest in our school. A.The,the,the B.A,a,a C.The,the D.A,a34. _moon moves around_earth,and they both are smaller than _sun.A.The,an,a B.A,the,the C., D.The,the,the35. _Browns are sitting at _breakfast table. A.,a B.The, C.The ,the D.,the36. He does reading aloud in English in _morning.