哈佛大学幸福课课件英文版Yoga presentation for Psychology

YogaforaPositivePsychology,Psychology1504April24,2008DebbieCohen,Whyyoga?,EmilystoryToolforwell-beingConvictionfromexperience,Overview,CommonObjectiveofPositivePsychologyandYogaWhatisYoga?HowYogaworkstocultivateapositivepsychologyYogaandPositivePsychologyYogaforyou,Happiness?,Happiness?,CommonpursuitofPositivePsychologyandofYogaphilosophy,teachingandpractice,Optimalstateofhumanfunctioning?,Aristotle-eudaimoniaAbrahamMaslow-beingcognitionvs.deficit-motivatedcognitionWilliamJameshealthy-mindednessMartinSeligmansoptimisticexplanatorystyleMihalyiCsikszentimihalyisflowBarbaraFredericksonsBroadenandBuildtheory,Optimalstateofhumanfunctioning?,GeorgeVaillant-maturedefensemechanisms.Sublimationandaltruismvs.suppressionandprojection“Idontwantyoutothinklessofyourself.Iwantyoutothinkofyourselfless.”“Asflyhigher,aircoolsDaedaluswings”(PositivePsychologyconference,October,2006)TalBen-Shahar-PermissiontobehumanDanielGilbert-uselessnessofstuckcompass(HarvardMagazine,Jan/Feb.2007),CurrentFascination,Yogasperspectiveonhappiness,YogaandHappiness,StreetlampstoryDanielGilbertonaffectiveforecastingbias(2002).,YogaandHappiness,Taoiststoryofmanandhorse“Everythingisasitisanditsallthesame”-ZaydaVallejo,YogaforaPositivePsychologyTheMind,“Ivehadmanycatastrophesinmylife,someofwhichactuallyhappened”-MarkTwain,Yoga,NothingNew,25,000BCEShamanism3,000-1,900BCEIndus-SarasvatiCivilization,NorthIndia8th-12thc.HathaYoga-cultivatingthebody,WhatisYoga?,YogaSutra2ndor3rdc.CEYSI.2:Yogascittavrittinirodhah:Atechniquetoquietthemindor“therestraintofthemodificationofthemind-stuffisyoga”(Satchidananda,1999).YSI.12:AbhyasaandViragya:practiceandequanimity,YogaofftheMatandincontext,FourBranchesofYogaKarmaYoga-actionBhaktiYoga-devotionJnanaYoga-Self-studyRajaYoga-will-powerGoal:PeaceofMind,RajaYoga,the8-limbedpath,YamasNiyamasAsanaPranayamaPratyaharaDharanaDhyanaSamadhi,Behavior-interactionsBehavior-individualPostureBreathingWithdrawalofsensesConcentrationEffortlessnowCompleteabsorption,YogaforaPositivePsychology:TheMindandMeditation,BrainchangesGreateractivationinleftthanrightprefrontalcortexRichardDavidson,JonKabat-Zinnetal.(2003)Newneuralpathways(Krelman,Koch,Strack,Martin,andStepper,1988;Sossignan,2002;SchnallkriyayogaMeditativestatewherelossofordinarysenseofselfNiyama:saucaorcontentmentYogaaspracticeofrecognizingandre-educatinghabitualpatternsofthinking-meditation,PositivePsychologyandYogaAweddingofeastandwest?,MihalyiCsikszentimihalyisflowBarbaraFredericksonsBroadenandBuildtheoryandMartySeligmanslearnedoptimismGratitudeandtrust,BhagavadGita:“Hewhorecognizestheinactionthatisinaction,andtheactionthatisininactioniswiseindeed”(trans.Prabhavananda&Isherwood,1995).YSII.33Neutralizeunwholesomethoughtsbycultivatingwholesomethoughts.YSI.12Practiceandequanimity,ThePlaceofParadox,1998MartinSeligman,PresidentofAPAcoins“PositivePsychology”anditisasoldashumankind.Non-judgmentalacceptanceofeverythingasitisANDtechniquetoimprovemind-statemeditationhathayoga,Weddingoftwoworlds,EmbracingparadoxesDeeprespectforeasternhistoricalandculturalcontextofyogaandusethepracticetosupportusinmorefullyembracingourownliveshere.,Whatisittoyou?,Yoga-toolforpeaceofmindforyouRegainbalance,flexibility,strength,focus,relaxationAwarenessofpatterns,wherestuckStarttobecomeun-stuckConvictionwithexperience,Whatkindofyoga?,Meetyourselfwhereyouareandthenstarttomoveinskillfuldirection.Sedentary?Startwithgentleyogaandgraduallyworktowardsmorechallengingposes.Obsessiveexerciser?Startwithdynamicstyleandgraduallymovetowardsamoremeditativepractice.,Whatstyleofyoga?,MediumIyengarAnusaraSivananda,DynamicAshtanga(usu.hot)Bikram(hot)Poweryoga(hot)Vinyasa(“flow”),GentleyogaHathaKripaluSvaroopaViniyogaIntegralSpiritualKundalini,Howtofindateachernearyou,L,Findingagoodyogateacher,Reputation/wordofmouthShoparoundAgoodmatchElicitsmindfulnessandrelaxationUnderstandshowthebodyworksandunderstandstheposesCommittedtothepracticeCommunicateseffectively,References,Aristotle.(1985).Nicomacheanethics.(Irwin,Terence,Trans.).Indianapolis,IN:HackettPublishingCo.Baldwin,Maria.Psychologicalandphysiologicalinfluencesofhathayogatrainingonhealthy,exercisingadults.DissertationAbstractsInternationalSectionA:HumanitiesandSocialScience,60(4-A),1031.Ben-Shahar,Tal.(2002).Thequestionofhappiness:Onfindingmeaning,pleasure,andtheultimatecurrency.Lincoln,NE:WritersClubPress.Bennett-Goleman,Tara.(2001).Emotionalalchemy:Howthemindcanhealtheheart.NewYork:RandomHouse,Inc.,References,Cohen,L,Warneke,C.,Fouladi,RT,Rodriguez,MA,Chaoul-Reich,A.(2004).PsychologicaladjustmentandsleepqualityinarandomizedtrialoftheeffectsofaTibetanyogainterventioninpatientswithlymphoma.Cancer100(10):2253-2260.Czikszentmihalyi,Mihaly.(1997).Findingflow:Thepsychologyofengagementwitheverydaylife.NewYork:Harper-Collins.Davidson,RichardJ.,Kabat-Zinn,Jonetal.(2003).Alterationsinbrainandimmunefunctionproducedbymindfulnessmeditation.PsychosomaticMedicine,65,564-570.Desikachar,T.K.V.(2007).PositivelyHealing.YogaJournal,201,111-115.,References,Douglass,L.(2006).Integratingyogacikitsainthewest:Challengesandfuturedirections.Internationaljournalofyogatherapy,16,21-32.Duclos,Sandra,Laird,James,Schneider,Eric,&Sexter,Melissa,etal.(1989).Emotion-specificeffectsoffacialexpressionsandposturesonemotionalexperience.JournalofPersonalityandsocialpsychology,57(1)100-108.Duclos,Sandra,&Laird,James.(2001).Thedeliberatecontrolofemotionalexperiencethroughcontrolofexpressions.Cognition&emotion,15(1),27-56.Feuerstein,Georg,Bodian,Stephen.(1993).Livingyoga:Acomprehensiveguidefordailylife.NewYork:PenguinPutnam.,References,Gilbert,DanielT.,Pinel,ElizabethC.,Wilson,TimothyD.,Blumberg,StephenJ.,&Wheatley,ThaliaP.(2002).Durabilitybiasinaffectiveforecasting.InGilovich,Thomas,Griffin,Dale,Kahneman,Daniel(Eds.),Heuristicsandbiases:Thepsychologyofintuitivejudgment.(pp.292-312).NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress.Haidt,Johnathan.(2006).Thehappinesshypothesis:Findingmoderntruthinancientwisdom.NewYork:BasicBooks.Innes,K.E.etal.(2005).Riskindicesassociatedwiththeinsulinresistancesyndrome,cardiovasculardisease,andpossibleprotectionwithyoga:asystematicreview.JournaloftheAmericanBoardofFamilyPractice,18(6),491-519.James,William.SelectionsfromTalkstoTeachers(1897).James,William.SelectionsfromPrinciplesofPsychology:BrieferCourse(1892).,References,John,P.J.etal.(2007).Effectivenessofyogatherapyinthetreatmentofmigrainewithoutaura:Arandomizedcontrolledtrial.Headache,47(5),654-661.Kabat-Zinn,J.(1996)Fullcatastropheliving.NewYork:DelacortePress.Kabat-Zinn,J.(1996)Fullcatastropheliving.NewYork:DelacortePress.Kabat-Zinn,Jon,Lipworth,Leslie,Burney,Robert.Theclinicaluseofmindfulnessmeditationfortheself-regulationofchronicpain.Journalofbehavioralmedicine,8(2),163-190.Kabat-Zinn,Jon,Massion,Ann,Kristeller,Jean,Peterson,Linda,etal.Effectivenessofameditation-basedstressreductionprograminthetreatmentofanxietydisorders.Americanjournalofpsychiatry,149(7),936-943.,References,Khalsa,S.B.(2004).Treatmentofchronicinsomniawithyoga:Apreliminarystudywithsleep-wakediaries.AppliedPsychophysiologyandBiofeedback,Dec.29,4,269-279.Laird,JamesD.,&Bresler,Charles.(1992).Theprocessofemotionalexperience:Aself-perceptiontheory.InClark,MargaretS.(Ed).Reviewofpersonalityandsocialpsychology,13(pp.213-234).ThousandOaks,CA,US:SagePublications,Inc.Laird,JamesD.,&Schnall,Simone.(2003).Keepsmiling:Enduringeffectsoffacialexpressionsandposturesonemotionalexperienceandmemory.Cognition&emotion,17(5),787-797.Lambert,Craig.(2007).Thescienceofhappiness.Harvardmagazine109(3),26-30,94-95.,References,Lavey,Roberta,Sherman,Tom,Mueser,Kim,Osborne,Donna,Currier,Melinda,Wolfe,Rosemarie(2005).Theeffectsofyogaonmoodinpsychiatricinpatients.PsychiatricRehabilitationJournal,28(4),399-402.Lazar,S.(2006)Mind-bodyconnection:Neuralcorrelatesofrespirationduringmeditation.PresentedatMindandLifeSummerResearchInstitute,Garrison,NewYork.Lazar,S.W.,Kerr,C.E.,Wasserman,R.H.,Gray,J.R.,Greve,D.N.,Treadway,M.T.etal.(2005).Meditationexperienceisassociatedwithincreasedcorticalthickness.Neuroreport,16(17),1893-1897.,References,Lowen,Alexander.(1958).Thelanguageofthebody.NewYork,NY:MacmillanPublishingCo.,Inc.Martin,Leonard,Stepper,Sabine,&Strack,Fritz.(1988).Inhibitingandfacilitatingconditionsofthehumansmile:Anonobtrusivetestofthefacialfeedbackhypothesis.Journalofpersonalityandsocialpsychology,54(5),768-777.Maslow,AbrahamH.(1968/1999).SelectedchaptersfromTowardsapsychologyofbeing,3rdEdition.NewYork:JohnWiley&Sons.Michaelson,A.etal.(2005).Rapidstressreductionandanxiolysisamongdistressedwomenasaconsequenceofathree-monthintensiveyogaprogram.MedicalScienceMonitor,11(12),555-561.,References,Patanjali.(2003).Theyogasutraofpatanjali.(ChipHartranft,Trans.).Boston,Massachusetts:ShambhalaPublications,Inc.(Originalworkunpublished)Patanjali.(1978/1999).Theyogasutrasofpatanjali.(SriSwamiSatchidananda,Trans.).Virginia:IntegralYogaPublications.(Originalworkunpublished).Pawelski,J.(2003).WilliamJames,positivepsychology,andhealthy-mindedness.TheJournalofSpeculativePhilosophy(NewSeries)17,53-67.,References,Peterson,Christopher&Seligman,Martin.(2004).Characterstrengthsandvirtues:Ahandbookandclassification.NewYork,NY:OxfordUniversityPress.Peterson,Christopher.(2006).APrimerinPositivePsychology.NewYork,NY:OxfordUniversityPress,Inc.Reivich,Karen,Shatte,Andrew.(2002).Theresiliencefactor:Sevenkeystofindingyourinnerstrengthandovercominglifeshurdles.BroadwayBooks.,References,Salovey,P.,Caruso,D.,&Mayer,J.D.(2004).Emotionalintelligenceinpractice.InLinley,P.A.&Joseph,S.(Eds),Positivepsychologyinpractice(pp.4477-463).Hoboken,NJ:Wiley.Seligman,Martin.(2002).Authentichappiness.NewYork,NY:FreePress,Simon&Schuster,Inc.Shapiro,ShaunaL.,Schwartz,GaryE.R.,&Santerre,Craig.(2005).Meditationandpositivepsychology.InSnyder,C.R.,&Lopez,ShaneJ.(Eds.),Handbookofpositivepsychology(pp.146-164).NewYork,NY:OxfordUniversityPress.Sherman,K.J,Cherkin,D.C.,Eroo,J.,MigliorettiD.L.,Deyo,R.A.(2005).AnnInternMed.143(12):849-856.,References,Smith,W.P.,Compton,W.C.,&West,W.B.(1995).Meditationasanadjuncttoahappinessenhancementprogram.Journalofclinicalpsychology,51,269-273.Soussignan,Robert.(2002).Duchennesmile,emotionalexperience,andautonomicreactivity:Atestofthefacialfeedbackhypothesis.Emotion,Vol2(1),Mar2002,52-74.Strack