高中英语 Unit17 Laughter单词.典句.考点 北师大版选修6

名师导航 【三点剖析】 【单词典句考点】1. amuse vt. 逗乐， 使（某人）笑【经典例句】A clowns job is to amuse the spectators.小丑的工作是使得观众娱乐。We were all amused at his foolish behaviour.我们对他那愚蠢的行为都感到好笑。【考点聚焦】1) amuse =to cause to laugh or smile by giving pleasure作“使欢乐；逗笑”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：His story amuses me. 他的故事使我发笑。2)作“消遣”讲时，是及物动词， 常接反身代词作宾语。amuse oneself with以.自娱。如：She amused herself by reading detective stories. 她读侦探小说消遣。The children amused themselves by playing hide-and-seek games.孩子们玩捉迷藏游戏取乐。 It was too rainy to play outside, so she amused herself with a book.雨大,不适合在外面玩,所以她看书消遣。3)作“使得自己消遣”讲时，也可以用于被动结构，be amused at/by/with以.为乐, 对.觉得有趣/好笑。如：We were amused at the joke.我们觉得这个笑话真有趣。4)amused adj. 修饰人, amusing adj. 修饰物,如： I am amused at the amusing toy boy. 我被那个有趣的玩具娃娃逗乐了。5) amusement 作“欢乐，快乐 娱乐，消遣,”讲时，是可数名词，常常用作复数形式。如： There are many amusements in big cities. 大城市有许多娱乐。6) 辨析amusing和interesting这两个词不是同义词，但都含有“引起兴趣的”这一含义。其差别在于：amusing指在娱乐、嬉戏时有趣的东西给人的感觉，或者在非集中思想于工作、学习时，某有趣的东西给人们的感觉。interesting指在任何时候，某有趣的事物引起了人的注意。I had an amusing experience last year.去我有过一次好笑的经历。The play was very interesting. I didnt enjoy it. 那出戏很有趣,我没能欣赏。【活学活用】单项填空1)He is an amusing storyteller and he has got a very job.A. amusing B. interesting C. messy D. mature 2) The children themselves by playing hide-and-seek games. a. entertained B. interested C. encouraged D. amused答案： 1）B 2）D 2. withdraw vt. 提取，收回【经典例句】He had just withdrawn $500 from a bank account yersterday when he was robbed.昨天他刚从银行里取了500美元，这时被抢劫了。 The newspaper withdrew the words about the film star the next day. 这家报社第二天收回了关于那个电影明星的一些说法。【考点聚焦】1) 构词： with draw（拖、拉），过去式、过去分词：withdrew, withdrawn近义词：remove，to take back or away, 2)withdraw作“提取”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“钱”的名词作宾语。如：Now you need not withdraw money in the bank, you can use your bank card. 你不必从银行里提款，你可以用你的银行卡。3)作“收回”讲时，是及物动词， 常接what he said, words, promise, comment等语言方面的名词作宾语。如：I am sorry. I withdrew what I had said. 对不起，我收回我说的话。4)作“撤退、撤回”讲时，是及物动词， 常接动名词或表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：The drug was withdrawn from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects. 这药因许多人服后产生严重副作用而被停止销售。5）还用作不及物动词vi. 撤退,退出， 常常和from连用。例如：He has decided to withdraw from the competition.他已决定退出竞赛。6）记住下列常用短语：to withdraw a remark 收回一句话to withdraw ones hand from the hot stove把手从热火炉旁缩回to withdraw money from the bank从银行取款to withdraw a curtain 拉开窗帘to withdraw ones eyes from把视线从.移开【活学活用】填入正确的时态和语态：It would be unbelievable that he should from the race!She withdrew her eyes from his sons dirty right hand and him from school. 答案： 1）have withdrawn 2） withdrew 3. clarify vt. 澄清, 讲清楚【经典例句】China clarified his stand on the border.中国澄清了在边界问题上的立场。The government has time and again clarified its position on equal pay for women.政府已经反复阐明政府对男女同工同酬的立场。【考点聚焦】1）构词：clar（clear 变清） ify（使）2）同义词：explain 解释，make clear使清楚 3） 派生词：clarifying adj. 澄清的， clarification n.澄清, 净化4）作“澄清, 讲清楚”讲时，是及物动词， 常接idea, position, mind, side等表示观点、立场、观念的名词作宾语。如：The girl clarified her thought in front of her classmates in the classroom.这个女孩在教室里当着同学们的面，说出 了自己的想法。5） 同样的“使清楚”之意， clarify侧重使某问题、某观点清楚， clean 侧重使某物体干净， clear 侧重清除脏物或障碍。【活学活用】汉译英1）他的说明解开了这个谜。2）对这个问题我的头脑变得清楚了。答案：1）His explanation clarified the mystery.2）My mind was clarified on this issue.4. delay vt. 延误，延期【经典例句】We cant guarantee that our flights will never be delayed. 我们不能保证我们的所有航班均不误点。The accident delayed the train for two hours.事故使火车耽搁了两小时。【考点聚焦】1） 构词： de（前缀，取消） lay(放置)2）作“延误，延期”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“时间”的名词作宾语。如：The letter was delayed three days by the train accident. 这次火车事故使这封信耽搁了三天。3）作“耽搁”讲时，是及物动词， 常接旅途、工程、工作的进展的名词作宾语。如：The heavy rain delayed Chen Sheng and Wu Guangs journey to the Great Wall spot. 一场大雨耽搁了陈胜和吴广到长城工地的旅程。4）还有名词的用法： 延迟,耽搁。例如：My doctor advised me to give up smoking without delay.我的医生劝我立即戒烟。5）delay后不能接不定式， 只能接动名词作宾语,中学教材中常见的类似的动词还有:avoid, admit , advise , consider , enjoy , finish , forbid , give up , imagine , keep , mind , miss , practise , permit , resist , risk , suggest等。编为顺口溜： 特殊动词接“动名” “放弃”“享受”可“后悔”， “坚持”“练习”必“完成”， “延期”“避免”非“介意” 掌握它们实惠切必行。【活学活用】 单项填空1) It was foggy and, as a result, his flight was for two hours.A. delayed B. delaying C. delay D. to delay2) Thousands of commuters were delayed over an hour. A. at B. in C. to D. for答案： 1）A 2）D 5.scared d adj. 惊恐的，担惊受怕的【经典例句】She was scared to death to wait for the result of his entrance examination in the middle of June.在六月中旬， 她非常害怕地等着成绩。The watchdog scared away the thief by barking.看门狗大声吠叫吓走了窃贼。【考点聚焦】1) 作“恐惧的”讲时，是形容词，常常作表语，后接不定式，常修饰表示某人害怕做某事。如：Id be scared to do that.我怕做那件事。2）作“恐吓，惊吓”讲时，是形容词，常常作表语，常与of, to连用，表示某人害怕某事。I was scared of the big dog. 我害怕这条大狗。The small animals were scared like anything when they saw a tiger walking towards them.当看到一只老虎向它们走来时,这些小动物吓得象什么似的。3）scare作“把吓跑”讲时，是及物动词，常与away, off, up连用，常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：The dogs scared the thief away. 那些狗把贼吓跑了。4）scared和afraid同意，但是scared可以作表语和定语，例如：a scared look吃惊的面孔，afraid 不能作定语，只能作表语。5)牢记短语：be scared of doing因而害怕, be more scared than hurt自找烦恼, 虚惊，be scared stiff被吓坏， 被吓呆,run scared(担心竞选等失败)行动小心谨慎, throw a scare into sb. 使.吓一大跳, 吓坏.,scare away /off 把.吓跑 3)注意辨析：scare sb. away 把某人吓跑，scare sb. into doing威胁某人干某事，scare sb. off吓退。【活学活用】汉译英：1）The rising prices of oil have scared the car customers off the station.A. from B. in C. on D. off2）They that the ship might be wrecked.A. scared to B. are scaring C. scared D. are scared 答案： 1） D 2） D 6. scratch vt. 抓（伤），划（破）【经典例句】His arms were scratched by thorns.他的手臂被荆棘划破了。That cat will scratch you with its claws.那猫会用爪子抓你的。【考点聚焦】1）构词：scr（seize ）atch（catch） 2) scratch作“抓（伤），划（破）”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示人的身体部位和受伤处的名词作宾语。如：He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲在他腿上搔虫咬的地方。3）scratch常与out, off, through等介词连用, 表示“刮掉,删掉”。 如：He scratched the paint off the wall. 他从墙上刮下油漆。4）还有名词的用法：scratches 抓痕,擦伤。如： He fell into a thorn bush and was covered with scratches.他跌入荆棘丛,弄得伤痕累累。 5）还有形容词的用法：scratch adj. 凑合的,匆匆组成的。例如：Theirs is a scratch team and did not expect to win the game.他们是临时组建的球队,没有期望赢得这场比赛。【活学活用】 介词填空1）He pretended scratch his ear.2）His name was scratched the list.答案： 1. to 2.off 7. acknowledge Ek5nRlIdV vt. 认可，承认【经典例句】The workers all acknowledge the need of reform.工人们都承认改革的必要性。He was acknowledged to be the best player. 他被公认为是最佳选手。【考点聚焦】1）构词：ac(=act 行动)knowledge(知识，认识)2）同义词：admit承认，realize认识到，thank感谢。3）同根词：acknowledgementn. 承认。4)作“认可，公认为；”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。is acknowledged as/to be 被公认为是如：Joe is acknowledged as the best basketball player of the year.乔被公认为是今最佳篮球选手。5)作“认可，公认为；”讲时，还可以接从句。It is universally acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell.大家都认为狗的嗅觉敏锐。6)作“承认，”讲时，是及物动词， 常接truth，belief等名词作宾语。如：I acknowledge the truth of his statement. 我承认他说的是事实。7)作“对表示感谢，”讲时，是及物动词， 常接cheer，favor等名词作宾语。如：The man waved his hands to acknowledge the cheers of the crowd.那人挥手对大众的欢呼表示感谢。8)牢记短语：acknowledge sb./sth. as 承认某人的地位、权利等，acknowledge sb. 感谢某人，acknowledge sb. to be承认某人是。【活学活用】写出同义句：普遍认为他是世界上最好的足球队员。He is widely acknowledged to be the best football player in the world.答案：He is widely considered to be the best football player in the world.8. resist rI5zIst vt. 抵抗，抵制【经典例句】 They are determined to resist the pressure to change the law.他们决心顶住改变法律的压力。A healthy body resists disease.健康的身体能抵御疾病。【考点聚焦】1）re(back，against) + sist(=stand)背靠站着抵抗2)同义词：oppose抵制，抵抗。3)反义词：obey遵守。4）构词：resistance n. 抵制，resistant adj.有抵抗力的5）作“抵抗,反抗”讲时，是及物动词， 常接动名词或表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：The nation was unable to resist the invasion.该国无力抵抗侵略。6）作“忍耐,忍住”讲时，是及物动词，常用于否定句, couldnt resist抵挡不住，忍不住，后面常接表示诱惑的名词或动名词作宾语，不能接不定式。如：I couldnt resist the temptation to tease a little dog.我忍不住要逗狗玩。She could hardly resist laughing。 她真忍不住要笑。【活学活用】 单项填空Little Tom is addicted to computer games, and he playing truant.A. will resist B. can resist C. cant resist D. resistance 答案: C 9. forbid fE5bId vt.禁止，不准【经典例句】 He forbade them form mentioning the subject again.他不准他们再提到这个问题。Women here are forbidden from going out without a veil.这儿的妇女不戴面纱禁止外出。【考点聚焦】1）构词： for(为了)+ bid（控制）2) 过去式和过去分词：(forbade or forbad, forbidden) 3）反义词：allow v.允许4）作“禁止，不准，”讲时，是及物动词， 常接动名词作宾语。forbid doing sth.禁止做某事，如：The new law forbids smoking in offices.新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。5）也可以接表示“人”的名词作宾语，再接不定式，forbid sb. to do sth.禁止某人做某事。Most of the parents agree to forbade their children to smoke.大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。6）作“不许”讲时，是及物动词，后接介词into, to等。Anyone is forbidden into the house任何人不准进屋。7）forbid常用于以下句型：forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事forbid sb. from doing sth.禁止某人干某事， is strictly forbidden严禁,8）牢记短语：Parking forbidden !禁止停车 !Cameras are forbidden!禁止拍照! God forbid! 但愿上帝阻止(这事发生)!【活学活用】单项填空：1）-Maybe youll end up as a fail(考试落第者), like me.- !A. With pleasure B. God forbid C. I think D. Go ahead2）(全国卷III 15)Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents did not _ her to do so.A. forbid B. allow C. follow D. ask答案：1）B 2）B 10. universal adj. 全世界的, 普遍的, 通用的【经典例句】Football is a universal game.足球是一项全球性的运动。The government introduced universal secondary education years ago.几前,政府就倡导普及中等教育。Personal computers are of universal interest; everyone is learning how to use them. 个人计算机大家都感兴趣，每个人都在学习怎样使用微机。【考点聚焦】1）构词：univers(e)（宇宙） al（后缀）2）反义词：individual3)作“全世界的,”讲时，是形容词，修饰game, sports, travel等词。如：Stoping pollution is a universal besiness.阻止污染是一项全球性的事务。4)作“普遍的,”讲时，是形容词，常常修饰education，schooling, train等词。如：The government has offered all the money for the universal secondary education.政府全额提供中等教育的费用。5)作“通用的”讲时，是形容词，常常修饰use, way, method等词。如：The computer has a universal use in the home.电脑在家庭中有广泛的用途。6）注意下列短语的用法: universal rules一般的原则universal time 世界时universal agent总代理人, 全权代理人universal travel 环球旅行7）辨析：universal general 两者意思都含“普遍的”、“一般的”。universal指“适用于任何情况, 而没有任何例外的”, 例如:War causes universal misery.战争引起普遍的苦难。general语意比 universal弱, 指“适用于全部情况的”, 或“适用于大部分情况的”, 例如:general principles通则, in general 一般说来【活学活用】选词填空:A. universal B. university C. in general 1)This machine has a use in the home.2)His speech met with universal applause in the hall.3)Such a universal genius is hard to meet .答案：1）C 2）B 3）A 11.astonish vt. 使惊讶, 使惊骇【经典例句】I was astonished when I heard the hospital had burnt down. 当我听到那所医院被烧毁时，我大为惊讶。We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.听说他们的足球队获得了冠军,这真叫人意想不到。【考点聚焦】1）构词：as(=ex 加强语气)+tonare(=thunder雷声) vt 使吃惊2） astonish作“使吃惊”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：The news astonished everybody.这消息使人人感到惊讶。3) astonished作“吃惊的”讲时，是形容词，修饰人、人的某个部位或表情等。be surprised at对某事感到惊讶，如：She gave him an astonished look.她惊讶地看了他一眼。4)astonishing作“令人惊讶的,惊人的,”讲时，是形容词，修饰事物。如：It was astonishing to everyone that the court had made such a decision.法庭竟做出这样的裁决,这使大家惊讶。5)astonishment 作“惊讶”讲时，是不可数名词， in astonishment惊讶地。 如：He looked at me in astonishment.他惊奇地望着我。6)牢记下面的短语： lost in astonishment十分惊愕, 惊异不已，to ones astonishment使人吃惊的是【活学活用】用astonish的相关形式填空：1）He was at what he found.2）She gave him an look.3）The news everybody.答案： 1）astonished 2）astonished 3）astonished12. disgusting adj. 厌恶的【经典例句】The dirty street was disgusting.那条肮脏的街道令人作呕。【考点聚焦】1）disgust n. 作呕, 憎恶, 反感常常和at, for, towards, against连用。2)同义词：disgusting tiring 令人讨厌的3)disgusted“厌恶的”讲时，是形容词，修饰人，例如：He has a disgusted on his face. 他的脸上表现出厌恶的表情。4）作“令人厌恶的”讲时，是形容词，disgusting修饰物,如：There is disgusting food on the table. 桌子上放着令人厌恶的食物。5）注意下列短语的用法:be disgusted at /by/with 讨厌, 唾弃, 对.作呕take a disgust at嫌, 讨厌to ones disgust可厌的是, 令人作呕的是【活学活用】语态句型转换：His behavior disgusted everybody. The food disgusted me. 答案： 1）Everybody was disgusted at his behavior. 2）I am disgusted at the food. 13desperate adj. 不顾一切的【经典例句】She was desperate to sell flowers for money to provide for a large family.她拼命地卖花挣钱,供养一个大家。【考点聚焦】1）构词：de（加强语气）sperate（separate 分离）2)派生词：desperately adv. 拼命地, 失望地， desperateness n. 拼命3)desperate作 “不顾一切的”讲时，是形容词, 如： His failure made him desperate. 他因失败而铤而走险。4) desperate常常和介词for或不定式连用，表示极度渴望的。如：The man lost in the desert was desperate for water. 在沙漠中迷失方向的人极度渴望得到水。5）要记住以desperate为中心的短语：a desperate remedy非常的手段a desperate enemy做困兽之斗的敌人a desperate situation严重的形势6）in spite of作“不管，尽管”讲时，是介词regardless of。如：I went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨我还是出去了。We will persevere regardless of past failures.尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去7）although, though, as三者也能够表达“尽管”之意，但是，它们都是连词，后面接从句。如：We will persevere though we failed many times.尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去【活学活用】选词填空:A. desperate B. desperately C. In spite of 1) great efforts we failed to carry our plans through.2)He was when he lost all his money.3)The old woman at the street corner must be lost. She is looking around _ for someone to help her.答案： 1）C 2）A 3）B 14. obtain vt. 得到, 获得【经典例句】They obtained a loan from the government.他们从政府那里得到一笔贷款。 I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本。【考点聚焦】1) 构词：ob(加强语气)+ tain（紧握在手）2) obtainable adj.可获得的3)同义词：get , gain获得,反义词：lose丢失。3）obtain作“得到，获得”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“物”的名词作宾语。如：I havent been able to obtain that book. 我还没能得到那本书。4)辨析： obtain，get, gain, win, earn这组动词的一般含义是“得到”。obtain包含着“努力”、“希望”或“决意”去获得某物的意思。Ordinary people would then be able to use them to obtain valuable information. 那时平常的人便能运用它们去获取宝贵的信息。get是最普遍、使用范围最广的词I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside. 我坐在公共汽车的前部，以得到有利于观赏农村风光的机会。gain有obtain的含义，但更强调目的物需要努力奋斗才能得到，而且这种东西具有价值，特别是物质价值。During that time, she so gained her bosss confidence that she was put in charge of the staff. 在这期间，她得到了老板如此的信任，结果被委任为负责人。win虽然常常指“赢得赞扬、奖赏、奖励、第一名”。It seemed certain that this would win the prize. 这一块会得奖，这似乎是肯定的了。earn包含着获得物与所花的气力是相互成比例的His achievements earned him respect and admiration. 他的成就为他赢得别人的尊敬和赞美。【活学活用】根据上文所述填空：1）The journalist immediately set out to these important facts. 2）A penny saved is a penny . 答案： 1）obtain 2） gained 15. compensate vt. 补偿, 赔偿 【经典例句】We compensate workers for injuries suffered at their work.我们对工人在工作中受伤给予补偿。Nothing can compensate the young mother for the loss of her favrourite daughter.轻的妈妈丧失了自己心爱的女儿是任何东西也弥补不了的。【考点聚焦】1）构词：com (和，与)+ pens(=pay ) + ate （后缀）2）同义词： reward 酬劳3）近义词： make up for 弥补4）作“补偿,赔偿”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。to compensate sb. for 为向某人赔偿。如：The company compensates her for extra work.公司因她的额外工作而给她报酬。5）compensation 作“报酬，赔偿金”讲时，是不可数名词，如：Equal compensation should be given to men and women for equal work.男女同工应同酬。6）牢记下面的短语：compensation trade补偿贸易make compensation for sb.s losses 赔偿某人的损失【活学活用】汉译英1）光阴一去不复还。2）她智力欠佳权以美貌弥补。答案：1）Nothing can compensate for the loss of time.3） She used her good looks to compensate for her lack of intelligence.16. deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地【经典例句】Only those who work hard can finish their exams deliberately.只有努力学习的 人才能不慌不忙地答完试卷。【考点聚焦】1)构词：de（前缀，加强语气）liberate（释放）lydeliberately作“不慌不忙地”讲时，是副词，作状语。如：In time of danger, the old driver drove the bus deliberately until help came. 在危机的时刻，老司机不慌不忙地驾驶着汽车，直到救援来到。2)作“考虑，熟思;”讲时，是及物动词， 常接question, problem等名词作宾语。如：He deliberated the question before he made an answer.答复以前, 他仔细地考虑了这个问题。3）deliberate adj. 周密计划的，深思熟虑的taking deliberate action 采取谨慎的行动 a deliberate decision慎重的决定a deliberate murder蓄意谋杀4)deliberate作“思考、讨论某事”讲时，是及物动词，与with连用，表示“与某人协商”常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：I deliberated with the headmaster on the future plans of teacher.我和校长商讨了下一步的教学计划。【活学活用】利用deliberate填空1)He always walked no matter what happened.2)I with the director on the future plans of production.答案： 1）deliberately 2） deliberated 17. convince vt. 使相信【经典例句】It took me many hours to convince the poor boy to go to school again.我花费了很长时间，才说服那个穷孩子去上学。【考点聚焦】1）构词： con（一起）+vince（战胜，同win）2)同义词： persuade劝说3)作“使相信”讲时，是及物动词， 常接表示“人”的名词作宾语。如：He convinced me that I should study law. 他劝我应该学法律。4）convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事。He was convinced of his mistakes.他认识了错误。5) 注意搭配:convince oneself of充分弄明白。convince sb. by sound arguments 以理服人be fully /half convinced 充分相信/半信【活学活用】单句改错：1）We were convinced Anne to go by train rather than by plane.2）He convinced myself of his innocence.答案： 1）去掉 were 2）把myself 改为me 18. starve vt. 挨饿, 饿死【经典例句】Because of the flood, t