急救培训(英文板)PPT课件

.,1,FIRSTAID,.,2,FIRSTAID,Thisisthefirsthelp/assistancegiventoapersonwhoissick/injuredbeforemedicalhelpisobtained,.,3,Treatment,BASICPRINCIPLESOFRESCUSCITATIONDRABCDisDanger/safetyRisResponseAisforairways(mouthandnose)Bisforbreathing(chestexpansion)Cisforcirculation(checkforthepulse),.,4,THREEBASICPRINCIPLESOFFIRSTAID,1.DiagnosisHistory(Findoutwhathappened,when,whereandhow)Signs(Physicalfeaturesyoucanseeonthepatient,wound,vomiting,swelling,bleeding)Symptoms(thingsfeltbythepatient,pain,discomfort,dizzinessetc),.,5,2.TreatmentPreservelifePreventconditiongettingworsePromoterecovery3.DisposalSendingthepatienttothehospitaloranymedicalcenter,.,6,SKELETON,Thisistheframeworkofthebody;itsmadeupof206bones.TYPESLongbonesarmsandlegsHandandfoot(27bonesonthehand),.,7,.,8,.,9,SKELETON,Flatbonesskull,ribs,pelvis(theseareforprotection)Irregularbonesvertebrae(backbone)(26ofthem),.,10,.,11,CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM,Thecentralnervoussystemcontrolsallvoluntaryactivitiesandismadeupof:ThebrainGreaterbrain:forconsciousnesse.g.,.,12,CENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM,Thelesserbrain:forbalancingBrainstem:forautonomicnervoussysteme.g.breathingThespinalcordtoconductimpulsestoandfromthebrainNervestotransportimpulsestoandfromthespinalcord,.,13,.,14,MUSCLES,Itistheredfleshofthebody,whichcarries50%ofthetotalweightofthebody.TYPESVoluntarymusclesthosethatarecontrolledbythewille.g.walking,running,stopping,smiling,laughingetc.Involuntarymusclesthosethatarecontrolledautomaticallye.g.breathing,blinkingoftheeye,.,15,FRACTURE,ThisisthebreakintheboneTYPESClosedfracture(simplefracture)Openfracture(compoundfracture)Allthesefracturescanbecomecomplicatedwhenthebonebreaksanddamagesothervitalorgans,.,16,.,17,FRACTURE,CAUSESDirectviolence(bonebreaksdirectlywhereforceisapplied)Transmittedviolence(bonebreaksawayfromwhereforceisapplied)Muscularaction(thisiscausesbythepullingofmuscles)Diseasesofthebone,.,18,SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS,P.I.D.A.C.I.S.S.SPainInabilityDeformity,.,19,SIGNSANDSYMPTOMS,AbnormalmovementCreptusIrregularitySwellinganddiscolorationShockduetopainandlossofbloodShortening,.,20,TREATMENT,Check.DRABCStopbleedingifanyTakesupportDressanywoundsImmobilizethefracturesothatYoupreventfurtherdamageYoulessenpainYoucaneasilycarrythepatienttohospital,.,21,DISLOCATION,ThisisthedisplacementoftheboneatajointTYPESClosedOpenSIGNSANDSYMPTOMSSeverepainDeformitySwellingFixation(nomovement)atajoint,.,22,TREATMENT,DonottrytostraightenitCheck.DRABCImmobilizejustasitisfoundandtakethepatienttothehospitalStopbleedingifanyTakesupport,.,23,TREATMENT,DressanywoundsImmobilizethedislocationsothatYoupreventfurtherdamageYoulessenpainYoucaneasilycarrythepatienttohospital,.,24,WOUNDS,ThisisacutorbreakintheskinTYPESContusedwound(thetissuesareburstopenbybluntforcee.g.ahammer),.,25,WOUNDS,Laceratedwound(thetissuesaretornapartbyroughsurfaces)Incisedwound(thesearecleancutwoundsusingaknifeorrazorblade)Puncturedwound(thesearedeepcutse.g.bulletwound,anailstraightintotheskin),.,26,DANGERSOFWOUNDS,LossofbloodTherecouldbeinternalbleedingInfections:TheobjectmaytransmitinfectionsDamagetointernalparts,.,27,TREATMENT,StopbleedingUsingdirectpressureUsingdigitalpointsUsingatourniquetWashyourhands(wearsurgicalgloves),.,28,TREATMENT,ExposethewoundApplytemporarydressingtopreventinfectionsCleantheareaawayandaroundthewoundApplyapermanentdressingandapressurebandageWedothisinordertostopinfectionsandbleedingSendthepatienttothehospital,.,29,BLEEDING/HEMORRHAGE,BleedingisthelossofbloodfromthebodyBloodismadeupoftwothingsPlasmafluidCells;RedbloodcellscarryingoxygenWhitebloodcellstofightagainstinfectionsPlateletswhichhelpwithclotting,.,30,.,31,.,32,.,33,ORGANSOFCIRCULATIONANDKINDSOFBLEEDING,HearttopumpbloodandhasfourchambersBloodvesselsArteriestocarrybloodawayfromtheheartCapillariestocirculatebloodaroundthebodyVeinstocarrybloodbacktotheheart,.,34,.,35,.,36,TYPESOFBLEEDING,TherearetwotypesofbleedingExternalbleeding(outsidebleeding)Internalbleeding(insidebleeding),.,37,TYPESOFBLEEDING,Oninternalbleedingwehavewhatiscalledconcealedandrevealedbleeding.Concealedbleedingisverydangerousbecausethepatientmaydieifnottakentothehospitalintime.,.,38,ArterialBleedingBleedingthroughtheartery,bloodwillcomeoutwithpressureanditwillbebrightredincolorbecauseitisrichinoxygen.CapillaryBleedingBleedingthroughthecapillary,thebloodwilloozeoutandcanstoponitsown.Thebloodwilllookdark.,.,39,VenousBleedingBleedingthroughtheveins,bloodwillflowoutinastreamandwilllookdarkredincolorsinceithaslostitsoxygen.NOTE:Whendonatingblood,bloodwillbetakenfromthepersonusingtheveinsandwillbegiventothepatientthroughtheveins.,.,40,SIGNSANDSYMTOMSOFBLEEDING(F.R.I.S),FaintnessgoingintocollapseRapidthreadpulse/weakpulseIncreasingpallorandrestlessnessShallowsighingrespiration,.,41,METHODSOFSTOPPINGBLEEDING,Directpressure(alwaysuseapad)DigitalpressureonthepressurepointsTemporalarteriesfoundneartheearwhenbleedingontheheadSub-clevianarteriesfoundonthecollarbone,whenbleedingontheupperarmBrachialarteriesfoundontheupperarm,whenbleedingonthelowerarm,.,42,FemoralarteriesfoundonthegroinwhenbleedingonthelegFacialarteriesfoundunderthechin,whenbleedingonthefaceOccipitalarteriesfoundatthebackofthehead,whenbleedingonthebackoftheheadTheuseofaninstrumentcalledatourniquet,.,43,.,44,TheuseofaninstrumentcalledatourniquetRubbertourniquetBandagetourniquetPlugging,.,45,PRECAUTIONSWHENUSINGATOURNIQUET,ApplyitwherethereisonlyoneboneAlwayspadtheareaReleaseitafter10-20minutesandtightenafter15secondsandifthebleedinghasstoppedleavethetourniquetloosebutdonttakeitaway.Accompanythepatienttothehospital,.,46,DANGERSOFTOURNIQUET,PainfulItcancausetissuedestructionItcancausedeathofthelimbItcanonlybeusedwherethereisonlyonebone,.,47,ADVANTAGES,ItcanstopbleedingatonceItcanstopmultiplebleedingononesinglelimbItcanstopbleedingasyouattendtotheotherpatientsorotherthingsItcanstopbleedingasyoutransportyourpatienttothehospital,.,48,SHOCK,Thisisthereductionofbloodcirculationaffectingthebrain,.,49,SHOCK,TYPESNervousshockcausebyfear,pain,badorgoodnewsHerethepatientwillhavethesamevolumeofbloodbuthasjustbeendrainedfromthebraintothelowerpartofthebody.How?Surgicalshockcausedbylossofbloodthroughinjuries,burns,anddiseases,.,50,SHOCK,SIGNSANDSYMPTOMSSweatingTalkativeandrestlessFaceandlipsturnpalePulseisweakandrapidColdandclammyskin(armsandlegs)UnconsciousnessShallowbreathing,.,51,SHOCK,WHATTODO/TREATMENTLaypatientflatonhisbackCheckairways,breathingandcirculationElevatethelegs,.,52,SHOCK,Coverthepatientwithablanket(dontoverheat)Givenothingbymouth(absorptionoffoodwillnottakeplace,thepatientmaygotothetheatre)ReassurethepatientSendthepatienttothehospital,.,53,UNCONSCIOUSNESS,Thisiswhenthebrainhasbeenthrownoutofitsnormalworkingorder.,.,54,UNCONSCIOUSNESS,LEVELSORSTAGESConfusion(youmayaskthepatientaquestionbuthemaygiveanegativeanswer),.,55,UNCONSCIOUSNESS,Stupor(patientcannotrespondbutmayrespondtopainfulstimulations)Coma(noresponseinanyway).Anypersoninacomawhengettingbacktoconsciousnesswillgothroughstuporthenconfusionandbacktonormal,.,56,CAUSES,HeadinjuryConcussionCompressionElectricshockEpilepsyConvulsionsHeatstroke,.,57,CAUSES,ShockExtremeColdSyncopeAlcoholabusePoisonDisease-diabetes,meningitis,cerebralmalaria,kidneyfailureHysteriaAsphyxia,.,58,TREATMENT,LaythepatientflatonhisbackChecktheairways,breathingandcirculationPutthepatientinasemiproneposition(recovery,comaposition),.,59,TREATMENT,Foreasyvomiting(incase)ForeasybreathingForquickrecoverySendthepatienttohospitalonastretcherinasemiproneposition,.,60,ASPHYXIA,Thisiswhenthereisinterferenceintheexchangeofgases(oxygenandcarbondioxide)inthelungs.CAUSESG.E.M.P,.,61,ASPHYXIA,Gasese.g.nitrousfumes,carbonmonoxide,sulphuratedhydrogen,methaneetc.ElectricShock,.,62,ASPHYXIA,Mechanicalobstructione.g.hanging,drowning,choking,falseteeth,bloodortorque,smotheringPoison(Nervous)e.g.drugs,snakebitesetc,.,63,SIGNSANDSYMTOMS,GaspingforairRestlessnessConvulsionswillfollowUnconsciousness(lessoxygeninthebrain)Thenbreathingwillstop,.,64,WHATTODO,RemovethepatientfromthecauseorthecausefromthepatientLaythepatientflatonhisbackChecktheairways,breathingandcirculationStartartificialrespirationMouthtomouth,.,65,WHATTODO,NosetomouthHiprollbackpressureUseinstrumentsAmbulancebagBrookairwaysPutthepatientinasemipronepositionandsendhimtohospital,.,66,GASES,Airmaybecomedangerousduetocontaminationwithgasesbroughtaboutby:BlastingUndergroundfiresBurningofexplosivesStagnantwaterLackofoxygeninillventilatedarea,.,67,GASES,NITROUSFUMES:Liberatedwhenblastingtakesplaceorwhenburningexplosives.SIGNS;-irritatingandwateringofthenoseandeyes,coughandpainsinthechest.LATESIGNS:-Breathlessnessandspittingofblood,.,68,GASES,CARBONMONOXIDE:Producedinundergroundfiresandwhenfiringofaircompressors.SIGNS;Nosmell,tasteorcolour,butverydeadly.Itcausesheadachesandgiddinessandthelegsgiveaway.Victimbecomesunconscious,breathingbeginstofail,ifnottreated,hewi