英国文学简史-常耀信-Chapters-7-8ppt课件

.,EnglishLiteratureChapters78,.,KeyPointsinChapter7,MovementtowardRomanticismJamesThomsonEdwardYoungGeorgeCrabbeWilliamCowper,WilliamBlakeIntroductionWorksRobertBurnsIntroductionWorks,.,MovementtowardRomanticism,Extremestendtoprovokeareaction.WithPopeandthenSamuelJohnsonatthehelm,the18thcenturyragedforwardwiththeheroiccoupletandalmostoutlawedotherforms.However,fromtheveryoutset,somedissentingvoicesexistedandtriedtomakethemselvesheard.Therewasalsotheslybutsteadyassertionofemotionintheageofreason.WithRobertBurnsandWilliamBlakecomingfortheventuallyonthescene,thestagewerewellsetforanewgenerationofpoets,theRomantics.,.,JamesThomson(1700-1748),HeisrememberednowmostlyforhisTheSeasons.TheCastleofIndolencewithitsmedievalallegoricalkindofstory,isreadoccasionallyaswell.TheSeasonsisalongpoemofover5,500lines,composedinblankverseinsteadofthetyrannicalheroiccouplet.,.,EdwardYoung(1683-1765),Heisnowknownsolelyforhislongpoemofsometenthousandlines,Complaint,orNightThoughtsonLife,Death,andImmortality,popularlyknownasNightThoughts.TheworkhelpedtomovepoetryforwardtowardtheageofRomanticism:foronething,itwaswritteninblankverse,notinthefashionableheroiccouplet;thenthepoemisanadequateexpressionofemotions.NightThoughtsisnotedforitspsychologicalprobingsanditsmixingofpersonalsentimentswithreligiousdeliberations.,.,WilliamCowper(1731-1800),Hispersonallifewasturbulentanddepressing.Hewashigh-strungandsuicidal.Hisblankverseprovedtobethebestofhistime.HismajorworksincludetheOnleyHymnsandTheTask,forwhichheisknownandreadtoday.,.,WilliamBlake(1757-1827),IntroductionBlakewasanimportantlandmarkinbetweentwoliteraryperiods,pointingdirectlytothatofRomanticism.Thereweretwofactorsinhislifethathelpedtoorienthisthematicthrust.Onewashisnativesensitivitythatenabledhimtoseevisionsanddevelopakindofmysticism.Theotherwashiscontactwithsomeradicalpeople.Thetwomajorthematicstrandsthatmakeupthebasicfabricofhispoetryincludehisconcernwithsocialeventsandhismysticism.Blakewasbasicallyavisionary,.,WilliamBlake(1757-1827),WorksSongsofInnocence“InfantJoy”“TheBlossom”“TheLamb”“TheDivineImage”,SongsofExperience“InfantSorrow”“TheSickRose”“TheTiger”“TheHumanAbstract”,.,RobertBurns(1759-1796),IntroductionBornintoapoorScottishfarmersfamily.Heexperienceddirepovertyandhadclosecontactwithcommonlifeandcommonpeople.HeiscriticalofCalvinismanditshypocrisyandrigidmorality.BurnswroteintheScottishdialect,English,andamedleyofthetwo.,.,RobertBurns(1759-1796),Works“ARedRedRose”“TamOShanter”“ForAThatanAThat”,.,ARedRedRose,OmyLuveslikeared,redroseThatsnewlysprunginJune;OmyLuveslikethemelodieThatssweetlyplaydintune.Asfairartthou,mybonnielass,SodeepinluveamI:AndIwillluvetheestill,mydear,Tillatheseasgangdry:,Tillatheseasgangdry,mydear,Andtherocksmeltwithesun:Iwillluvetheestill,mydear,Whilethesandsolifeshallrun.Andfaretheewell,myonlyLuveAndfaretheewell,awhile!AndIwillcomeagain,myLuve,Thoitweretenthousandmile.,.,KeyPointsinChapter8,18thCenturyFictionJonathanSwiftWorksGulliversTravelsDanielDefoeIntroductionRobinsonCrusoeSamuelRichardson,HenryFieldingAestheticTheoriesWorksLaurenceSterneTobiasSmollett,.,18thCenturyFiction,18thcenturywasoneinwhichthenovelasagenreprosperednotonlyinthepractice,butalsointhetheoryofthecraft.Thewritersdevelopedtherealisticmethodofpresentationandbroughtstory-tellinginfinitelyclosertothereallifeaslivedbytherealpeople.,.,JonathanSwift(1667-1745),WorksTheBattleoftheBooksTaleofaTubTheIrishDrapiersLettersAModestProposalItisoneofthemostcausticsatireseverwritteninliteraryhistoryGulliversTravels,.,JonathanSwift(1667-1745),GulliversTravelsThisisasavagesatireintheformofafabuloustravelogueThebookconsistsoffourparts,eachrecordingonevoyagetooneoutlandish“remote”place.PartI:“AVoyagetoLilliput”PartII:“AVoyagetoBrobdingnag”PartIII:“AVoyagetoLaputa,Balnibari,Glubbdubdrib,Luggnagg,andJapan”PartIV:“AVoyagetotheCountryoftheHouyhnhunms”,.,DanielDefoe(1660-1731),IntroductionHisviewsonthenovelfocusontwothingsofsignificancetotheemerginggenre(novel):itsrealismanditsmoralaesthetic.Hisprotagonistsarecommonpeoplewithrealcommonnamesandspeakas“I”,tellingtheirownstoriesinthefirst-personnarrative,addressingthereadersdirectlywithoutanymediation,justsoastoincreasetherealisticeffectofimmediacyandinvolvement.,.,DanielDefoe(1660-1731),RobinsonCrusoeItistheworkforwhichDefoeisrememberedbyall.ThepopularRobinsonCrusoestoryaspeoplenormallyknowitisinfactthenarrativefocusofthefirstpart.Itisfirstandforemostamiddleclassbook,offeringjustificationfortheclassforthcomingrisetopre-dominanceinnationallife.ThebookisatypicalPuritantale.RobinsonCrusoeisfrequentlyseensimplyasatrue-to-life,nomoreandnoless,specimenoftheordinaryhumankind.Bodyingforththesumtotaloftheperseveranceandindomitablenessofhumanspirit.Itisthisqualityinthecharacterthatremainseternallycharmingandgreat.,.,SamuelRichardson(1689-1751),Pamela,OrVirtueRewardedmarksthebeginningofconversationalmannerofnarration.RichardhasbeenseenasthebeginninginoneofthesepsychologicalrealisminthehistoryoftheEnglishnovel.,.,HenryFielding(1707-1754),AestheticTheoriesHiswasthefirstattemptevertodefinethenovelasaproseepic(“Prosaic-comic-epicWriting”ashecallsit)thatisnotinferiortoanepicpoem.Fieldingseesthenovelasavehicleformoralinculcation,amirrorandanimitationofnatureandlife.Thoughimitatinglife,artis,tohim,notlife.Fieldingdeemsitnecessaryforawritertohavefourbasicqualitiesnativegift,adequatelearning,richexperiencewithlifeandakindheart.,.,HenryFielding(1707-1754),WorksJosephAndrewsIthasbeenseenasthefirstrealisticnovelinEnglishfiction.ItsfocusisonthepresentationofEnglishlifeasbeinglivedthen,sothatitendsupasanovelofmanners.TomJonesItisFieldingsmasterpieceMajorcharacters:SquireAllworthy,TomJones,JennyJones,Patridge,Bridget,MasterBlifil,theWesterns,Sophia,.,LaurenceSte