科技英语与英语科技论文写作二ppt课件

1,研究生科技英语课程科技英语写作,邵宗平南京工业大学化学化工学院材料化学工程国家重点实验室,2,科技论文的标题Howtopreparethetitle?,3,Firstimpressionsarestrongimpressions;atitleoughtthereforetobewellstudied,andtogive,sofarasitslimitspermit,adefiniteandconciseindicationofwhatistocome.T.CliffordAllbutt先入为主。因此，论文的标题应最大限度地对文章内容给出明确而简洁的指示。,科技论文的标题,4,ImportanceoftheTitlePerhapsfewpeople,ifany,willreadtheentirepaper,butmanypeoplewillreadthetitle,eitherintheoriginaljournalorinoneofthesecondary(abstractingandindexing)publications.Theindexingandabstractingservicesdependheavilyontheaccuracyofthetitle.Animproperlytitledpapermaybevirtuallylostandneverreachitsintendedaudience.,科技论文的标题,5,科技论文的标题,6,LengthoftheTitlelongtitlesareoftenlessmeaningfulthanshortones.ExampleMostexcessivelylongtitlescontainwastewords.Often,thesewastewordsappearrightatthestartofthetitle,wordssuchasAstudyof,Studieson,Investigationson,andObservationson.,科技论文的标题,7,8,AnopeningA,An,orTheisalsoawasteword.Example1标题可改为：SelectivityindirectsynthesisofH2O2fromH2andO2:roleofcatalystonreactionkineticsExample2标题可改为：NovelpreparationofthindensePdmembraneonmacroporousstainlesssteeltubularfilterExample3标题可改为：Dehydrogenationofethanolinapalladiummembranereactor,科技论文的标题,9,科技论文的标题,10,NeedforspecifictitlesExample:PropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveCatalyticpropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveCatalyticpropertiesofZSM-5molecularsieveoncrackingofcumeneDeactivationofZSM-5molecularsieveoncatalyticcrackingofcumeneBadtitle:AstudyofthedeactivationoftheZSM-5molecularsieveonthecatalyticcrackingofthecumene,科技论文的标题,11,Exercise:pH值对沉淀法制备的碳酸钙比表面的影响EffectofpHonspecificsurfaceareaofcalciumcarbonatepreparedbyprecipitation以多孔陶瓷为载体的钯银合金膜的制备和表征PreparationandcharacterizationofPd-Agalloymembranessupportedonporousceramics汽油成分的气相色谱分析Gas-chromatographyanalysisongasolinecomponents,科技论文的标题,12,TitleshouldnotbeasentenceExample:“Oct-3isamaternalfactorrequiredforthefirstmouseembryonicdivision”OCT-3是首次鼠胚胎分裂的母体因素(Cell64:1103,1991).Theverb(is)isawasteword,inthatitcanbereadilydeletedwithoutaffectingcomprehension.Inclusionoftheisresultsinatitlethatnowseemstobealoudassertion.But,ithappens,科技论文的标题,13,14,Runningtitles页头标题Asanaidtoreaders,runningtitlesorrunningheadsareprintedatthetopofeachpage.Often,thetitleofthejournalorbookisgivenatthetopofleft-facingpagesandthearticleorchaptertitleisgivenatthetopofright-facingpages.Usually,ashortversionofthetitleisneededbecauseofspacelimitations.一般，页头标题由期刊自定。,科技论文的标题,15,AbbreviationsintitleTitlesshouldnotcontainabbreviations,proprietary专有的names,jargon,andthelike.Example:Thehydrogen-fueledinternalcombustionengine:atechnicalreview不能写成:“H2ICE：atechnicalreview”.But,thiskindofproblemoftenhappens,科技论文的标题,16,17,Howaboutchemicalformula?简单的化学式最好用英文表示，而稍复杂的化学式最好不译。如palladium,sodium,PdCl2,Na2MoO4,H3PW12O40.nH2O,Y-Ba-Cu-B-O等等。化学式往往更精确。如“ironoxide”是FeO，Fe2O3还是Fe3O4?“nitrogenoxide”是N2O,NO,N2O3,N2O4,NO2,N2O5中的哪一个？Example,科技论文的标题,18,19,科技论文的署名Howtolisttheauthors?,20,科技论文的署名,Thelistingofauthorsshouldincludethose,andonlythose,whoactivelycontributedtotheoveralldesignandexecution完成oftheexperiments.但是，存在剥削现象。Theauthorsshouldnormallybelistedinorderofimportancetotheexperiments.Thefirstauthorisoftentheseniorauthor,incasethattwoauthorscontributesequally,afootnotemaybeaddressed.鼓励学生做第一作者，关键是要名实相符。Veryoften,thelastauthoristhegroupleader.,21,CorrespondingauthorUsuallythesupervisororlableader.If,beforepublication,theauthorhasmovedtoadifferentaddress,thenewaddressshouldbeindicatedinaPresentAddressfootnote.尊师。对学生来讲，通常在准备稿件时应该将作者栏空白，由导师在定稿时将作者加上，以显示对导师的尊重。爱生。反过来，导师也应该根据贡献的大小决定文章的署名，如学生是主要作者，应让学生作第一作者。,科技论文的署名,22,科技论文的摘要Howtopreparetheabstract?,23,科技论文的摘要,AnAbstractshouldbeviewedasamini-versionofthepaper.TheAbstractshouldprovideabriefsummaryofeachofthemainsectionsofthepaper:Introduction,Experimental,ResultsandDiscussion.TheAbstractisoftentypedasasingleparagraph,butthereareexceptions:Example1;Example2.TheAbstractshould：(1)statetheprincipalobjectivesandscopeoftheinvestigation,(2)describethemethodsemployed,(3)summarizetheresults,and(4)statetheprincipalconclusions.,24,科技论文的摘要,TheactivitiesdescribedinAbstractshouldbewritteninthepasttense.Butdescriptionofthefactsshouldbewritteninpresenttense.TheAbstractshouldnevergiveanyinformationorconclusionthatisnotstatedinthepaper.ReferencestotheliteraturemustnotbecitedintheAbstract(exceptinrareinstances,suchasmodificationofapreviouslypublishedmethod).Abstractcontainingreference:Example1;Example2.,25,科技论文的摘要,UnlessalongtermisusedseveraltimeswithinanAbstract,donotabbreviatetheterm.Writethepaperbeforeyouwritetheabstract,ifatallpossible.Chemicalformulasandabbreviationsofwell-knowncharacterizationtechniquescanbewritteninabstract.TheAbstractisalmostuniversallythefirstpartofthemanuscriptreadduringthereviewprocess.Therefore,itmustbewrittenclearlyandsimply.,26,科技论文的摘要,Usually,agoodAbstractisfollowedbyagoodpaper;apoorAbstractisaharbinger预兆ofwoestocome.WhenwritingtheAbstract,examineeverywordcarefully.Theuseofabstruse难懂的,verbose罗嗦的constructionsisverylikelytoprovokeacheckintherejectboxonthereviewform.ManyexperiencedwriterspreparetheirtitleandAbstractafterthepaperiswritten.,27,Howtolistthekeywords?Initiallettercapitalized;Spacingoutwithsemicolon.Numberofkeywords.,科技论文的摘要,28,科技论文的前言HowtowritetheIntroduction?,29,科技论文的前言,Aim:tosupplysufficientbackgroundinformationtoallowthereadertounderstandandevaluatetheresultsofthepresentstudywithoutneedingtorefertopreviouspublicationsonthetopic.TheIntroductionshouldalsoprovidetherationale基本原理forthepresentstudy.youshouldstatebrieflyandclearlyyourpurposeinwritingthepaper.Choosereferencescarefullytoprovidethemostimportantbackgroundinformation.,30,科技论文的前言,31,科技论文的前言,首先阐述自己研究领域的基本内容，要尽量简洁明了。须知看文章的人都是该领域的专家，所以一些显而易见的知识要用概括性的而不是叙述性的语言来描述。Introduction的重头戏：文献的总结回顾。一方面要把该领域