非谓语动词作主语和定语ppt课件

.,非谓语动词作主语,.,一、动名词（V.ing）作主语LosinghimwasbluelikeIdneverknownMissinghimwasdarkgreyallaloneForgettinghimwasliketryingtoknowsomebodyyouvenevermetButlovinghimwasred,.,一.TheusageofV-ingformusedassubject动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。WatchingnewsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.(经常性、习惯性的动作)Talkingiseasierthandoing.(状态）,.,一.动名词做主语的3种句型(1)动名词直接置于句首。Talkingiseasierthandoing.(2)Ving形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语Itisawasteoftimedoingsth(3)Therebe结构中作主语：A.Thereis+nodoingB.Thereisnopointdoing,.,(1)动名词直接置于句首。WatchingnewsonTVhasbecomearoutineforme.Seeingisbelieving.,.,(2)V-ing形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语。,is,awasteoftime,.,形式主语,真正主语,It,is,awasteoftime,playingvideogames,.,playingvideogames,.,常见句式:,Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth做、没有用的Itisawasteoftimedoingsth做、是浪费时间的,.,(3)Therebe结构中作主语：A.Thereisno+doing表示不可能做某事例子：Thereisnoknowingthefuture=wecantknowthefuture.我们不可能知道未来发生什么Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo说出他要干什么是不可能的。Thereisnosayingwhatmayhappen.说出将要发生什么是不可能的。,.,B.Thereisnopointdoing做某事没有意义Theresnopointhavingwishesifyoudontatleasttrytodothem.,.,Talkingiseasierthandoing.LosinghimwasbluelikeIdneverknown.Missinghimwasdarkgreyallalone.,动名词作主语时，单个V-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数。,Collectingstampsandrunningarehishobby.,两个或两个以上表达不同意义的V-ing作主语，谓语动词用复数。,.,主谓一致：Seeing_(be)believing.WatchingTVandreadingbooks_(has)becomearoutineforme.,.,一.动名词做主语的用法(1)动名词直接置于句首。Talkingiseasierthandoing.(2)Ving形式作主语时常后置,用it作形式主语Itisawasteoftimedoingsth(3)Therebe结构中作主语：A.Thereis+nodoingB.Thereisnopointdoing,summary,单个V-ing做主语，谓语动词用单数。,.,SinceTomwenttohighschool,_(watch)TVhasbecomearoutineforhim.Hismotheralwayssaid“itswasteoftime_(spend)timeinfrontofTV.”However,Tomalwaysanswers“IcankeepabalancebetweenstudyingandwatchingTV.”Asyouknow,talking_(be)easierthandoing.Later,Tomdoesntdowellinthefinalexamandheissosad.Tomsmotherknowsthatthereisnopoint_(scold)himnow.soshecomfortshimandsaid“itisnouse_(cry)overspiltmilk.Thereisno_(tell)whatyoucando,justtryyourbest.,.,SinceTomwenttohighschool,_watching_(watch)TVhasbecomearoutineforhim.Hismotheralwayssaid“itswasteoftime_spending_(spend)timeinfrontofTV.”However,Tomalwaysanswers“IcankeepabalancebetweenstudyingandwatchingTV.”Asyouknow,talking_is_(be)easierthandoing.Later,Tomdoesntdowellinthefinalexamandheissosad.Tomsmotherknowsthatthereisnopoint_scolding_(scold)himnow.soshecomfortshimandsaid“itisnouse_crying_(cry)overspiltmilk.Thereisno_telling_(tell)whatyoucando,justtryyourbest.,.,二、不定式（to+动词原形）作主语,1、直接做主语例句：Tohesitatemeansfailure.犹豫不决就意味着失败。Todothisistocutthefoottofittheshoe.这样做是削足适履。（主语和表语均用不定式）Forhimtoadmithismistakesisnoteasy.要他承认错误是不容易的。（带逻辑主语）Tobeworkingalldaylongisabore.整天干活使人厌倦。（不定式进行式）Tohaveknownyouisaprivilege.认识了你真是荣幸。（不定式完成式）,.,2.It做形式主语,Itsunlikehimtobelate.他可不是迟到的那种人。Howdoesitfeeltobeonyourown?自由自在的感觉怎样？Itwouldbewrongforpeopletomarryformoney.人们为钱而结婚是错误的。（It+be+形容词+for短语+不定式）Itsashametosaylikethat.那样说话是可耻的。（It+be+名词+不定式）Itisagainstmayprinciplestodosuchathing.做这样的事是违反我的原则的。（It+be+介词短语+不定式）,.,Of还是for？,Itis+adj.+of+sb.+todosth.这里的形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如kind,good,nice,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等,Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我,真好.Itscleverofyoutoworkoutthemathsproblem.你真聪明,解出了这道数学题.,Itis+adj.+for+sb.+todosth.若形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对人的评价,用forsb.,这类词有difficult,easy,hard,important,dangerous,（im）possible等.,Itsverydangerousforchildrentocrossthebusystreet.对孩子们来说,穿过繁忙的街道很危险.Itsdifficultforustofinishthework.对我们来说,完成这项工作很困难.,.,非谓语动词做定语,.,1.不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作。如：,Theyhavethreeticketstospare.他们多三张票。Shehasplentyofclothestowear.她有足够的衣服穿。句型thefirsttodoHeisalwaysthefirstonetocometoschoolandthelasttoleave.,.,2.分词作定语,现在分词表示其动作正在发生或与谓语同时发生.Thereisagentlemanaskingtoseeyou.有一位先生要求见你。,过去分词表示其动作已经完成或没有时间性.Sheisatrainednurse.她是一个受过训练的护士。,.,*如果动作不是和谓语同时发生或正在发生，则只能用定语从句。,.,3.动名词作定语，只放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途,Thedoctortoldmenottotakesleepingpills.医生叫我不要服安眠药。,.,4.tobedone,beingdone,done均可用作定语，且都表示被动意义，其区别在于：tobedone表示将来，beingdone表示目前正在发生，done表示过去已经发生。,Thehousetobebuiltnextyearisacinema.明年建的那座房子是家电影院。Thehousebeingbuiltnowisacinema.现在正在建的房子是家电影院。Thehousebuiltlastyearisacinema.去年建的那座房子是家电影院。,.,4.Therewereseveralnewevents_(add)totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.5.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_(pay)vacationtoChina.12.Therepairscostalot,butitsmoneywell_(spend).35.Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_(study)Chineseintheschool,mostofwhomwerefromGermany.36.TheChineseareproudof