高中英语必修四unit1-grammar主谓一致ppt课件

.,Subject-verbAgreement,主谓一致,.,Subject-VerbAgreement,主谓一致是指句子的_与_在_和_上必须保持一致主谓一致的三个原则:1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则,谓语动词,主语,人称,数,.,Theboy_diving.,Theboys_diving.,is,are,语法一致,主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。,.,1.and,1.两个主语表达不同人、物、概念e.g.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(岁月不饶人)Thewriterandthetranslatoraredeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.2.两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念e.g.Thewriterandtranslatorisdeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.Onemoreforkandknifeisonthetable.（一副刀叉）Warandpeaceisoftenpeoplestopic.（战争与和平）,.,1.and,3.并列名词前有noand(no);everyand(every);eachand(each)修饰时，谓语一般用单数e.g.Everymanand(every)woman_(have)thesamerights.,has,.,语法一致2,主语+with(togetherwith/alongwith),aswellas,like,not,but,except,including,ratherthan,otherthan,besides,inadditionto结构中，谓语与前面主语一致e.g.I,aswellasthey,_(be)readytohelpyou.Thestudentsalongwiththeteacher_(be)requiredthemeeting.NobodybutJimandTom_(be)ontheplaygroundatthattime.,am,are,was,.,everyone,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,noone,nobody,nothing,someone,somebody,something(none,neither除外)等不定代词及each,theother作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Nothingintheboxismine.Someonewantstoseeyou.,语法一致3,.,none和neither作主语时，谓语可用单数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数e.g.Noneofusis/areperfect.(人无完人)Noneoftheinformationhasbeenreceived.,语法一致3,.,morethanone;manya修饰名词，复数含义，但是谓语用单数e.g.Manyastudent_(be)intheclassroom.Morethanonemother_(receive)theflowers.,is,语法一致4,receives,.,不定式（短语），动名词（短语），从句作主语时，谓语用单数e.g.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorning_(do)youalotofgood.Servingthepeople_(be)mygreathappiness.Whenandwherewewillhaveapicnic_(benot)decidedyet.,语法一致5,does,is,hasnotbeen,.,*当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be+名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。e.g.Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.,语法一致5,.,由kind（form，type，sort，species，portion，series）of等修饰的主语，谓语由这些词决定e.g.Thiskindofapples_(sell)well.Aseriesofplays_(be)tobeonshownextweek.,语法一致6,sells,is,.,a(large/small/vast)quantityof或Largequantitiesof谓语由quantity的形式决定e.g.Alargequantityofoilwasputintothesoup.Alargequantityofappleswasinthebasket.Largequantitiesofoilwereputintothesoup.Largequantitiesofappleswereinthebasket.,语法一致7,.,trousers,pants(裤子),shoes,glasses,gloves,stockings,scissors(剪刀)等词作主语时谓语用复数，但如果名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数e.g.Myglassesarebroken.Thescissorsaresharp.Thepairofshoesunderthebedismine.,语法一致8,.,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志,意义一致,.,集合名词(family,teamgroup,crowdpublic,government,band,company.)若强调整体，谓语动词用单数若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数e.g.Thegroupis(be)madeupofninestudents.Thegroupare(be)dancinghappily.,意义一致1,.,单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish,series系列,species物种,means手段,works工厂,aircraft飞行器做主语时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。e.g.Anewmeanshasbeenused.Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.,意义一致2,.,physics,politics,mathematics等一些以“-ics”结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语动词用单数。Physicsisnotdifficulttolearn.Mathematicsisasubjectstudiedinnearlyeveryschool.注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。Mymathematicsareweek.Whatareyourpolitics?政治信仰/见解,意义一致3,.,意义一致4,主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词some,all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。,Eg:Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?Whichareprettier,theseorthose?Wehadsomepaper,andtherestwasputback.,.,意义一致4,.,意义一致5,thenumberof（.的数量）,thevarietyof(种类)用单数谓语，anumberof（许多，大量）,avarietyof（各种各样的.)用复数谓语,1.Thenumberoftrafficaccidents_(have)increased.2.Anumberofchildren_(like)thissong.3.Thereareavarietyoftoysonsaleinthatshop.4.Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatshopissurprising.,has,like,.,意义一致6,.,意义一致6,表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词作主语时，被看作整体时谓语用单数,Sixtyyearsisalongtime.Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried.,*如强调具体数目，则用复数。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.,.,Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.,“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人，谓语用复数,eg.thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,thedisabled,thesickThesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.,但如果指事物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数.,意义一致7,.,Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher_(know)whathappened.There_(be)anapple,twobananas,fiveorangesinthebasket.,就近原则,指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词,knows,is,.,就近原则1,.,就近原则2,.,并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？,1.Youorhe_toblame.你或他有一人要受责备。2._youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他？Ais，IsBare，AreCis，AreDare，Is,答案：C，就近一致,.,谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,WeChinese_ahard-workingpeopleAisBareCisbeingDarebeing,此题应选B。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,.,Theteacherwithtwostudents_atthemeeting.(was/were)2.Awomanwithababyinherarms_waitingforthebusintherain.AwasBwereChasDhave3.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play,was,A,A,ExerciseandRules,.,ExerciseandRules,3.ReadingEnglishpapersandmagazines_helpfultoourstudyofEnglish.(is/are)4.Whetherhecomesornot_ofnomatter.(is/are)5.Tosay_onething;todo_another.(is/are)6.Listening,speaking,readingandwriting_fourskillsforEnglishstudy.(is/are)7.Wheretofindtheplantandwhattodowithit_stilltheproblemstosettle.(is/are),is,is,is,is,are,are,.,ExerciseandRules,8.Manyaboy_madesuchafunnyexperiment.A.haveB.areC.hasD.is9.Everymeans_beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.wereC.wasD.hasbeen10.Eachactorand(each)actress_invitedtoourschool.(is/are)11.Everyboyand(every)girl_gotatoytrain.(has/have)12.Noteacherandnostudent_tohaveclassesonSunday.(agree/agrees),C,A,is,has,agrees,.,ExerciseandRules,15.70percentofthesurface_coveredwithwater.（is/are)16.70percentofthefarmers_improvedtheirlivingconditions.(have/has)17.Therestofhisjourney_pleasant.(was/were)18.Therestofthegirls_fondofmusic.(is/are)19.Allofyourwork_welldone.(is/are)20.Allofyouranswers_corre