首字母填空解题方法大全PPT课件

-,1,首字母填空第二讲“s_”是第三句的主语,结合have判断为students;“h_是give的宾语,判断为him;“p_”的内容是cards,note-books,所以判断为名词presents;“t_”是介词among的宾语,应为them;“m_”处于bedoneby的结构中,应为过去分词made;“h_”位于情态动词will之后,应为动词原形help;“t_”是remember的宾语,并且受到happy的修饰应为time“t_”是主语,名词或代词teachers/they;“p_”是have的宾语,前面有冠词,所以是名词party“s_”前有to,分析成分为目的状语todo即tosay,27,Yearsago,mobilephoneswererathere_1_.Onlyimportantpeopleandpeoplew_2_alotofmoneyhadthem.Thesedays,thepriceshavebeengreatlyreduced,andmobilephonescomeinsmallsizeandd_3_colors.Somoreandmorepeople,_4_schoolstudents,havethemintheirhands.Itist_5_thatitisaneasywaytokeepintouychwithfriendsatanytimeandinanyplaces.Butinplaceslikeclssrooms,movietheatredandmuseums,whereeveryoneshouldbequietortalkinalowv_6_,wecanalsohearmobilephonesringing.Somedrivershaveaccidentsforusingmobilephoneswhiled_7_.W_8_ofall,somestudenyswhocantp_9_theirphonebillsdosomethingillegal(不合法的)togetthemoney.So,aremobilephonesr_10_agoodthing?,5.true6.voice7.driving8.worst9.pay10.really,28,PART02,句子成分篇,29,例句:,I】【played】a【red】【basketball】【yesterdayinthehouse】主谓定宾状,I是主语，发出动作的人或物。,play是谓语，就是一个动词，动词包括行为动词如play,go,listen就是一个动作，还包括be动词即amisarebeen,basketball就是宾语，宾语就是行为动词后面的那个词（就是动作的承受者）,yesterday是时间状语，inthehouse是地点状语状语可以表结果，时间，地点，状态，原因，目的,red按词性划分是形容词，按句子成分划分就是定语，修饰baskeball,30,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分.表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。,31,一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。大多数主语都在句首。,Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语),32,(1)对主语的判断,1._arehelpfultostudents.(teach)2._ismoreimportanttomethanmoney.(healthy)3.Somefamous_aregoingtogivelecturesinourschoolinAugust.(science)4._ismyfavouritesport.(fish)5._stampsismyhobby.(collect)Key:1.Teachers2.Health3.scientists4.Fishing5.Collecting分析：主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-题）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或doing（、）。,33,二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：HecanspeakGerman.WestudyEnglish.Hefellasleep.,34,(2)对谓语的判断,Johnwasstandingonthestepofahouse.Anoldwomanc_overtohim.“Myboy,”shea_,“Isyourfatherathome?”“Yes,”a_John.Thewomanbeganr_thebell.Sherangandrang,buttherewasnoanswer.Atlastshet_backtoJohnands_angrily,“Didntyous_thatyourfatherwasathome?”“Idid”,answeredJohn,“butthisi_myhouse.”Key:cameaskedansweredringingturnedsaidsayisnt分析：语篇中的所缺字除ringing以外均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。多做用动词的适当形式填空有助于对动词形式的判断。,35,begintodo和begindoing可以互换，但在以下三种情况下，用todo:（1）.主语不是指人，而是it等。如:Itbegantorain.（2）.begin后接表示心理活动的词。如:begintoknow，believe，wonder，think等。（3）.begin本身是ing形式，为避免重复后接todo即beginningtodo,36,三、表语（predicative）:表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置于系动词后面。形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidntcometoschoolyesterday.,37,常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉).Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.,38,(3)对表语的判断,Itis_foranordinaryplanetoflytothemoon.(possible)2.Thesickmanisgetting_.(ill)3.Petterisgoingtobea(n)_whenhegrowsup.(engine)4.Suchcoldweatherisquite_inJuneandpeoplehavetowearwarmclothesagain.（usually）5.Itsa_tohaveapicnicwithallthemembers.（please）Key:1.impossible2.worse3.engineer4.unusual5.pleasure分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词,介词短语。动词必须改成todo,doing或done的形式。,39,三、宾语,1)动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句),40,2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双宾语间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.,口诀：这个值（直）钱的宝物，人见（间）人爱！,41,(3)对宾语的判断,1.Mr.Chenwassurprisedtoseethefast_inShanghaiafterhislongabsencefromthecity.(develop)2.Thankyouforyour_.(kind)3.Atlasthesoldhis_.(invent)Key:1.development2.kindness3.invention分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同主语的词性一样，代词作宾语时必须用其宾格。,42,四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.,Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语)Dontlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Dontkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)Illhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词),43,五、主补：对主语的补充。,Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.,44,六、定语：定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词(过去分词)或短语等都可以充当定语。,Amyisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.(现在分词)Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.(不定式)YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句),45,(6)对定语的判断,1.The_examsusuallytakeplaceattheendofJune.(finally)2.Ona_night,youcanseethousandsofstarsinthesky.(clearly)3.Thisisan_book.(interest)4.TheFrenchartistsaid,“itismy_timetovisitShanghai.Ilovethiscitysomuch.(one)5.Thebook_byLuxunisveryfamous.(write)6.Itsa_day,istit?(sun)Key:(1)final(2)clear(3)interesting(4)first(5)written(6)sunny分析:：定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stampshow/physicsteacher。动词必须变形为：todo,doing或done的形式。,46,七、状语：状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.Hedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.,47,(7)对状语的判断,1.TheoldladycouldhardlybelievethatshehadgotthetravelpasstoHongKongso_(easy)2.Watch_,andyouwillfindthedifferencebetweenthetwopictures.(care)3.Afterflyinginthestormfornearlyonehour,thehelicopterlanded_atlast.(safe)Key:(1)easily(2)carefully(3)safely状语：说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件，伴随情况的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语，动词必须变形为todo,doing或done。,48,Dreamsmaybemoreimportantthansleep.Somepeopledontneedmuchsleep.H_(1)_,weallneedtodreamaccordingtothescientists.Dreamstakeupaboutonequarterofoursleepingtime.Peoplehaveseveraldreamse_(2)_night.Dreamsarelikeshortfilms.Theyareusuallyincolor.Somedreamsarel_(3)_oldfilms.Theycometousoverandagain.Thatmaybebecausethedreamerisworryingaboutsomething.（1）通过这个空格，大家很容易判断在逗号前常出现的就是转折副词However然而，我们在将结合上下句意思进行检验，一些人不需要太多的睡眠。然而，根据科学家所说，我们都需要做梦。前后句子的关系是转折关系。（2）从句子成分而言，e_night在句子中做时间状语，从词性来讲，night是跟名词，前应用形容词来修饰，所以此处应该填的是every（3）在句子成分中，此处要不做的是状语，要不做的就是表语，若做表语（3）处填的就应该是一个形容词或者名词，但是从整句句意来看，（3）应该填的是介词，在整句句子中作状语，表示的意思为一些梦就像是老电影,实战演练,49,Dreamingmaybeaw_(4)_oftryingtofindananswer.Somepeoplegetnewideasabouttheirworkfromdreams.Theycouldhavebeent_(5)_abouttheirworkallday.Thenthesethingsgointotheirdreams.4）a冠词后面往往跟的是名词短语，而在（4）有介词of，所以（4）填的是一个名词，结合整句句子来看，做梦也许是尝试找到一个答案的方法（5）havebeent_，这个结构中很容易看出是一个时态的结构，在be动词后如果跟现在分词表示进行，如果be动词后跟过去分词，则表示被动，从此处来看不存在被动关系，所以此处应该用现在分词thinking，整句话的意思为他们却不能一整天在谈论他们的工作,50,Sometimeswewakeupwithagoodfeelingfromadream.Butoftenwecantrememberthedream.Dreamscand_(6)_quicklyfrommemory.Toomuchdreamingisntgood.Them_(7)_wesleep,thelongerwedream.Ourmindishardatworkwhenwedream.Thatiswhywemayhavealongsleepandstillwakeuptired.Key：1.However2.every3.like4.way5.thinking6.disappear7.more（6）在can情态动词之后应该跟动词原形，所以（6）应该填的是一个动词，从整句话中可以看出，梦能够从记忆中快速消失，所以用disappear（7）此句中用了一个the+比较级，the+比较级的结构，从后一句来看longer是副词的比较级，所以前者应该也用副词的比较级，整句句意表示为我们睡的越多，我们做梦的时间就越长，所以此处填more,51,Dreamsmaybemoreimportantthansleep.Somepeopledontneedmuchsleep.However(1),weallneedtodreamaccordingtothescientists.Dreamstakeupaboutonequarterofoursleepingtime.Peoplehaveseveraldreamsevery(2)night.Dreamsarelikeshortfilms.Theyareusuallyincolor.Somedreamsarelike(3)oldfilms.Theycometousoverandagain.Thatmaybebecausethedreamerisworryingaboutsomething.Dreamingmaybeaway(4)oftryingtofindananswer.Somepeoplegetnewideasabouttheirworkfromdreams.Theycouldhavebeenthinking(5)abouttheirworkallday.Thenthesethingsgointotheirdreams.Sometimeswewakeupwithagoodfeelingfromadream.Butoftenwecantrememberthedream.Dreamscandisappear(6)quicklyfrommemory.Toomuchdreamingisntgood.Themore(7)wesleep,thelongerwedream.Ourmindishardatworkwhenwedream.Thatiswhywemayhavealongsleepandstillwakeuptired.,readthewholepassagebyheart,52,PART03,句子结构篇,53,基本句型是句子结构的几种基本格局，也是千变万化的句子的结构雏形。这五种基本句型十分重要，正是这些有限的基本结构及其转换形式衍生出了无限的实际使用中的句子。,54,一、句型1：Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。,55,二、句型2：Subject(主语)+Link.V(系动词)+Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等。如：Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.2)Helookedworriedjustnow.,56,(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。如：1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.,57,三、句型3：Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Object(宾语)Hetookhisbagandleft.(名词)LiLeialwayshelpsme.(代词)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.(不定式),58,四、句型4：Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indire