轻型木结构墙体PPT课件

加拿大木业协会设计师培训班第一阶段轻型木结构CanadaWoodLevel1-Wood-FrameConstruction,墙体和屋盖WallandRoofFramingHerbertOtto,B.Arch.,MRAIC,平台式建造法PlatformFraming,屋顶桁架Rooftrusses,38x89or38x140mm墙骨柱38x89or38x140mm(2x4or2x6)studwalls,楼盖覆面板Floorsheathing,楼盖搁栅Floorjoists,基础Foundation,平台式轻型木结构PlatformFraming,图片由加拿大木材理事会提供DiagramCourtesyCanadianWoodCouncil,承重内隔墙LoadBearinginteriorwall楼盖覆面板Floorsheathing组合梁Builtupbeam地梁板锚固螺栓Sillplateanchorbolt地梁板Sillplate封边搁栅RimJoist底梁板Bottomwallplate墙体覆面板Wallsheathing,桁架或椽条Trussorrafter屋顶覆面板Roofsheathing剪刀撑Crossbridging顶梁板Topplate墙骨柱Stud钉板条Strapping搁栅Joist,墙体WallFraming,墙体设计WallDesign,墙体WallFraming,双层顶梁板Doubletopplate,门洞过梁Doorheaderorlintel,封头墙骨柱Trimmer,主要墙骨柱Kingstud,短撑Cripple,墙骨柱Commonstud,窗口过梁Windowheaderorlintel,底梁板Bottomplates,窗洞口Windowroughopening,底梁Sill,短撑Cripple,墙体WallFraming,墙骨柱、板、短撑和过梁用钉和楼板连接，然后安装对角支撑或覆面板Stud,plates,cripplesandlintelsarelaidoutonthefloor,nailedtogether,thencrossbracedorsheathed.,墙体WallFraming,门窗洞口过梁通常使用2x4规格材，中间使用2x6规格材Windowordoorheaderframing,conventional38x89mm(2x4)andinsulated38x140mm(2x6).用于过梁的规格材尺寸由荷载和跨度决定Sizeofdimensionlumberusedinheaderdeterminedbyloadandspan,墙体WallFraming,提起墙体并连接在一起，需要使用临时支撑Wallstiltedupandtiedtogetherandtemporarilybracedasrequired.,墙体WallFraming,转角处的顶梁板要搭接Cornerframingwithlappedtopplates.转角处填充保温棉时，要在内测放置第三根墙骨柱支撑内装修层Thirdinsidestudprovidessupportforinteriorfinishwhileallowingcornertobeinsulated,Thirdstud,墙体WallFraming,内外隔墙的连接Interiorpartitionwall/exteriorwallconnection.2x6规格材做垫板方便墙体赶作业施工以及连接后面的填充材布置38x140mm(2x6)backerforsupportingdrywallandallowinginsulationbehindconnection.,垫板Backer,墙体WallFraming,覆面板横放在楼面上，然后开始安装Paneltypesheathingappliedtoframingwhenitisstillhorizontalonthefloordeck.覆面板类型Rangeofsheathings定向刨花板OSB胶合板Plywood防火板Fibreboard石膏板Gypsum保温填充覆面板Insulatedsheathing,竖向和水平布置的覆面板,墙体WallFraming,内隔墙和保温天花板的连接。顶梁板之间布置带状聚乙烯作为隔气层Interiorpartitionwallconnectionwithinsulatedceiling.Whenpolyethyleneair/vapourbarrierisusedstripplacedbetweentopplates,天花板搁栅,顶梁板,墙骨柱,带状聚乙烯作为隔气层（也可以布置在顶梁板之间，楼板之间不要求布置）,2x6规格材，用于钉连接,墙体WallFraming,当搁栅和外墙平行时，需要设置垫板来支撑内装修层Wherejoistsareparalleltoexteriorwallbackframingrequiredtoprovidesupportforinteriorfinish,墙骨柱,底梁板,下部楼面板,楼盖搁栅,用于内装修的钉连接,端部搁栅,板,墙体设计WallFramingDesign,内墙和外墙结构功能和荷载分布不同，所以应分开设计。Interiorandexteriorwallsshouldbedesignedseparatelysincetheyhavedifferentfunctionsandloadsaredistributeddifferently墙骨柱最小尺寸和间距的规定（设计表中还包括其他的长度、树种和荷载分配）Rulesofthumbforminimumstudsizesandspacing(designtablesforotherlengths,species,andloadconfigurations)外墙高度建到3mExteriorWallsupto3mtall仅支承屋盖-38x89600mmo.cSupportingroofonly38x89600mmo.c.支承屋盖和1层楼盖38x89400mmo.c.Supportingroofand1floor38x89400mmo.c.支承屋盖和2层楼盖38x140400mmo.c.Supportingroofand2floors38x140400mmo.c.,墙体设计WallFramingDesign,内墙高度建到3mInteriorWallsupto3mtall非承重Nonloadbearing38x89600mmo.c.（推荐400mm）38x89600mmo.c.(however400mmrecommended)承重Loadbearing支承屋盖和1层楼盖38x89400mmo.c.Supporting1floor38x89400mmo.c.支承屋盖和2层楼盖38x89300mmo.c.Supporting2floors38x89300mmo.c.支承屋盖和3层楼盖38x140400mmo.c.Supporting3floors38x140400mmo.c.,墙体设计WallFramingDesign,过梁Lintels,墙体设计-外墙过梁WallFramingDesignExteriorLintel,墙体设计-内隔墙WallFramingDesignInteriorPartition,墙体设计WallFramingDesign,有覆面板的墙体可以抵抗侧向力，例如地震作用和风荷载Wallswithpanelsheathingalsoresistlateralforcessuchasearthquakeandwind覆面板可以用定向刨花板或胶合板，根据墙骨柱的间距，板厚可以从9.5mm到15.5mmPanelmaterialcanbeplywoodorOSBsheathing9.5mmto15.5mmthickdependingonstudspacing厚度12.5mm和15.8mm的石膏板也能使用Gypsumboardcanalsobeusedin12.5mmand15.8mmthickness符合上海轻型木结构技术规程中构造设计法中墙体最小长度的要求Forprescriptivedesign,minimumlengthofbracedwalllinesinaccordancewith4.2.2ofShanghaiTechnicalCodeforLightweightWoodFrameConstructionmustbeadheredto,改进的结构AdvancedFraming,平台式建造法可以有效的利用木材：Platformframingcanbeoptimizedtousewoodmoreefficientlybenefitsinclude:结构使用更少的木材Lessframinglumberused更少的人工Lesslabourrequired当木材采用保温材时，热交换更低Lowerheattransferaswoodreplacedbyinsulation,改进结构的特点FeaturesofAdvancedFraming,墙骨柱，通常为2x6，中心间距600mmStuds,typically38x140mm(2x6)spacedat600mm(24”)荷载顺次传递，不需要两层顶梁板Loadslineduponeaboveanothereliminatingtheneedfordoubletopplates两个墙骨柱转角Twostudcorners门窗洞口处过梁可以穿过墙骨柱，不需要短撑Windowanddoorheadersletintostudseliminatingcripples,屋顶RoofFraming,大部分采用工厂预制的木桁架Majorityofwoodframebuildingsusefactorybuilttrusses.通常用2x4规格材制作腹杆和弦杆，节点压制金属连接件Typically38x89mm(2x4)websandcordsandpressedmetalconnectors,屋顶RoofFraming,桁架的偏差Trussvariations抬高根部以便外墙全都可以做到保温隔热层Raisedheeltoallowfulldepthinsulationtoexteriorwall采用剪刀撑的倾斜天花板Scissorsallowsslopedceiling,屋顶RoofFraming,现场手工施工Handframedroofconstruction现场切割规格材制作椽条和搁栅Dimensionlumbercutonsitetomakeraftersandjoists.,屋顶RoofFraming,木制工字型梁WoodIbeams大跨度Allowforlongspans桁架的深度和预留孔洞可以在较高的天花板中安装保温填充材料，其范围为RSI7到RSI10.6(R40到R60,K0.14到K0.095)Depthandpre-punchedholesallowforhighlevelsofinsulationinacathedralceilingintherangeofRSI7toRSI10.6(R40toR60,K0.14toK0.095),屋顶RoofFraming,平行弦桁架空心腹板Openwebparallelcordtrusses大跨度Allowforlongspans桁架的深度可以在较高的天花板中安装保温填充材料Depthallowsforhighlevelsofinsulationinacathedralceiling,屋顶覆面RoofSheathing,胶合木Plywood根据跨度和有无填块，使用H扣件或企口板，厚度可以从7.5mm到12.5mmRanginginthicknessfrom7.5mmto12.5mm(5/16”to”)dependingonspananduseofblocking,Hclipsortongueandgroove.表面的木纹方向与支撑垂直Facegrainrunsperpendiculartothesupports.定向刨花板OSB根据跨度和有无填块和是否使用H扣件，厚度可以从9.5mm到12.7mmRanginginthicknessfrom9.5mmto12.7mm(3/8”to”)dependingonspan,blockingandusedofHclips跳跃式覆面板Skipsheathing19mmx89mm(1x4)19mmx140mm(1x6)间隔用钉固定在椽条上Nailedtorafterswithspacing.屋盖