中考英语状语从句复习课件

中考英语复习方案语法部分,第二篇句法状语从句,复习要点1.时间状语从句2.条件状语从句3.比较状语从句4.结果状语从句5.原因状语从句6.目的状语从句7.让步状语从句8.方式状语从句9.地点状语从句,TheAdverbialClause状语从句状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面；从九大状语从句来看，应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。,1.时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：while,when,as,assoonas,till,until,notuntil,before,after,since,etc1）when，while，as三者均可表示“当的时候”，如果主句表示的是短暂的动作，而从句表示的是一段时间，三者可通用。如：ImetKangLiaswhenwhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetas和when都可与终止性动词连用，while只能与延续性动词连用。如：Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport（不能用while）as强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生；while强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内；when可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如：HesangashewentalongPleasewritewhileIreadWhenhereachedhome,hehadalittlerest,难点链接,2)before,afterbefore表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之前，意为“在之前”。after表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“在之后”。如：TheyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheywenttoschoolTheytalkedaboutthepartyafterthepeopleleft.3)until,tilluntil和till在肯定句中表示“直到为止”，主句要用延续性动词；在否定句中，表示“直到才”，主句常用终止性动词，这时till和until可用before替换。如：IwaitedtilluntilhearrivedIwillwaituntilhecomes.WewontstartuntiltillbeforeBobcomes4)assoonas表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“一就”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。如：MybrotherwentoutassoonasIgothome.IllphoneyouassoonasIarriveinTonghua5）since：表示“自从以来”，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时.（对since引导的时间状语提问要用howlong).如：WherehaveyoubeensinceIsawyoulast？,难点链接,时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点：until(till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：Istudiedharduntil12oclocklastnight.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：Hedidntgotobeduntilhismothercameback由since，for，by，before来引导的时间状语从句。since引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如：IhavestudiedEnglishsince1990.而由by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：Ihadlearned25Englishsongsbytheendoflastterm.而before则多用于完成时，ago则多用于一般过去时，如：HehadfinishedhisworkbeforetwelveyesterdayIleftmyhometowntwoyearsago在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：Ifitrains,theywontgototheparkonSunday也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用过去将来时，如：Hesaidifitrainedthenextdayhewouldnotgotothepark考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：Iwanttoknowifhewillcomeheretomorrow在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如：Iwanttoknowifitrainshewillcomeheretomorrow,难点链接,注意:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1）主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（特别是用assoonas引导从句时）：Theboywillbeawriterwhenhegrowsup.IllringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：Pleasedontgotobedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.5）在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”,“在以前不”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Letswaituntiltherainstops.WewontstartuntilBobcomes.Dontgetoffuntilthebusstops.,难点链接,2.条件状语从句1)引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果）、unless（除非）等，条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时，从句要用现在时代替将来时。如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?DontleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.2)unless在意义上相当于ifnot。YouwillfailunlessyoustudyhardYouwillfailifyoudontstudyhard3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。其中，and表示句意顺承；or表示转折，意为“否则”。例如：Hurryup,oryoullbelate.=Ifyoudonthurryup,youllbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.4）用介词with,without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句：Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,Illfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,Illfinishmytaskontime.,难点链接,3.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas,比较级+than等连词引导，比较连词前后的结构要一致。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.1）表示甲与乙在某一方面相同时，用“as原级as”句型；表示甲在某一方面不如乙时，用“notasso原级as”句型。如：DalianisasbeautifulasShenzhenIdontrunassofastasKangLi2）表示甲超过或不及乙时，用“比较级从句”（从句中常省略意义与主句相同的部分）。Herunsfasterthanyou（do）Todayislesscoldthanyesterday3）要注意的是表示越来越这一概念时有两个句型：比较级and比较级，如：ThedaysaregettinglongerandlongerThelittlegirlisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful定冠词the比较级the比较级，如：Theharderyoustudy,themoreyoucanlearn,难点链接,4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat,suchthat,sothat引导。常用句型有：so形容词副词that从句suchaan形容词单数可数名词that从句such形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句so形容词aan单数可数名词that从句例如：HespokesofastthatIcouldntfollowhimHetoldussuchfunnystoriesthatwealllaughedHeissopoorthathecantbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldntseeit.(2)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecantgotothecinemawithyou.,难点链接,(3)sothat和such.that在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“.so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldntsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.,难点链接,5.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。because常回答why引导的疑问句，该从句一般位于主句后；since比as正式，两者不回答why引导的问句，而且其从句一般放在句首。如：Hedidntcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：-Whyarentgoingthere?-BecauseIdontwantto.Ashehasnocar,hecantgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecantbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。（4）for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。Theoilmustbeout,forthelightwentout.（5）because和becouseof也有明显的区别。because后面要跟从句，而becauseof后面要跟名词短语。Heislateforschoolbecauseitrainsheavily.Heislateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.,难点链接,6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.（目的状语从句）Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句),难点链接,(3）结果和目的状语从句还要注意以几点：sothat用在单数可数名词前，so形容词a名词that，如：Sheissobeautifulagirlthateveryonelikesher或用sucha形容词名词that,如：Sheissuchabeautifulgirlthateveryonelikesher在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用such，如：Itissuchgoodweatherwewanttogoforapicnic又如：Theyaresuchgoodplayersthattheyshouldwinthegame.在much，many，few，little之前只能用so，如：IhavesolittlemoneythatIcantbuyitsothat之间只有形容词时，则不能用such，如：ItissogoodthatIwanttobuysothat其后接从句，如：IgotupearliersothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus,难点链接,7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由thoughalthough（虽然），eventhough（尽管），evenif(即使），whoever（无论谁），（无论怎样），whatever（无论什么）等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.Evenifheispoor,shelovesherhusband.(2)because不能与并列连词so，thoughalthough不能与but同时在句中使用。如：Shewaslateforschoolbecauseshemissedthebus=Shemissedthebus，soshewaslateforschool我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.,难点链接,8.方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的有as（按照）等。如：Iwilldoitasyoutellme我将照你说的做。方式状语中要注意的是as(连词)与like(介词)的区别。as作为连词其后接从句，如：PleasedoitasIdidit但后面的句子常作省略，如：PleasedoitasI而like是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Pleasedoitlikeme9.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.,难点链接,1.误Whiletheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.正Whentheclockstruckten,allthelightswentout.析while是强调两个动作在同时进行中，如：WhileIamdoingmyhomework,myfatherisreadinganewspaper.而这里的when是正当某某时刻，就在这一时间点上，其重点强调在某一特定时刻某动作的发生。2.误WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.正WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetyesterday,Imetanoldfriend.析这里用when表达在一个动作的进行中，另一个动作突然发生了。正在进行的动作用一进行时态，而突然发生的动作用一般时态。3.误WhileIheardthebadnewsIfeltsad.正WhenIheardthebadnews,Ifeltsad.析while不能表达一点儿的时间，即瞬时某一时间点。4.误Forthereisnolightintheclassroom.Thestudentsmusthavegonehome.正Thestudentsmusthavegonehome,forthereisnolightintheclassroom.析由for引出的原因状语从句在使用时要注意不能将该从句置于句首，而应置于主句之后，并在主句与从句之间加一逗号。更要注意的是because,as,since与for4个表示原因的连词中because是因果关系，是最强的一个，而for是最弱的一个。有些语法书中干脆把for叫做并列连词,正误辨析,5.误Shesangwhenshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.正Shesangasshewalkedalongthedarkstreet.析as用于句中时，其要点是强调两个动作的同时进行。这里用when虽然不能讲是语法上的错误，但则看不出来小女孩因独自走黑暗的街道因害怕而唱歌的心情。6.误Ifinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.正Ididntfinishedmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.正Ididmyhomeworkuntiltwelveoclocklastnight.析until用在句中时其含义是某一动作一直持续到某时结束，那么句中的动词则一定要用持续性动词，如果要用瞬间，或截止性动词时一定要用否定句式。因截止性动作的否定式应看作是持续性的动作。如离开leave是瞬间动作，因一出门即为离开了，而不离开则是长时间的。7.误IhavestudiedEnglishwhenIwastwelve.正IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwastwelve.析since引出的时间状语从句是表达了一个时间点，而这个时间点是主句动作的启始点，所以主句一般要用完成时态。8.误Becausehedidntstudyhard,sohedidntpasstheexam.正Hedidntpasstheexambecausehedidntstudyhard.析because与so在英文中两者不能并用的，只能在句中用9.误BeforeIdonotgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.正BeforeIgiveyoutheanswer,Illaskyousomequestions.析这种错误是由于受中文的影响。在中文中可以讲我没给你答案前。而英文用了before就不要再用否定句了。,正误辨析,10.误Hewassuchexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.正Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotspeak.析so与such的用法可以分为四种情况，用于单数可数名词之前，其格式是such+不定冠词+形容词+单数可数名词，如：Itissuchabeautifulbookthateverychildlikesit.也可以用so,其格式是so+形容词+不定冠词+单数可数名词，如：Itwassobeautifulabookthateverychildlikesit.在不可数名词前或可数名词复数前这时只能用such,如：Itissuchgoodweatherthatwewanttoswim.又如：Theyaresuchgoodstudentsthattheycanpasstheexameasily.在few,little，much,many这4个字前只能用so而不能用such,如：IhavesomuchmoneythatIcanbuyeverythingIwant.当that前只有形容词或副词时，这时只能用so,如：Sheissobeautifulthateveryonelikesher.HeransofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.11.误Hegotupearlierthismorningsoastothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.正Hegotupearlierthismorninginordertotocatchthefirstbus.正Hegotupsoearlierthathecouldcatchthefirstbus.析sothat与sothat的用法有相同之处，那就是其后接从句，而inorderto其后要接不定式，即动词原形。12.误Iwanttobuysamestampthatyouhave.正Iwanttobuythesamestampasyouhave.析thesameas(that)这是个固定用法，在same前的定冠词是不能少的。而thesamethat意为我要的就是那一个。而thesameas为要的是和一样的东西。,正误辨析,根据A句完成B句，使两句意思一致，每空只填一词：1.A:Janeisasinger.Sheisalsoadancer.B:Janeis_asinger_adancer.2.A:Weshouldlearnfrombooksandweshouldlearnfromteachers.B:Weshouldlearn_frombooks_fromteachers.3.A:Hismothercanthelphimwithhislessons,andhisfathercant,either.B:_hismother_hisfathercanhelphimwithhislessons.4.A:Itshardwork,butIenjoyit.B:_itshardwork,Ienjoyit.5.A:Mencantlivewithoutairandwater.B:Menwilldiewithoutair_water.,课时训练,notonlybutalso,bothand,Neithernor,Though/although,or,6.A:Ifyoustandhigher,youwillseefarther.B:Standhigher,_youwillseefarther.7.A:Ifyoudontworkharder,youwillfailintheexam.B:Workharder,_youwontpasstheexam.8.A:Howimportantthemeetingis!Icantmissit.B:Itis_importantmeeting_Icantmissit.9.A:Afterthemothercameback,theboywenttobed.B:Theboy_gotobed_hismothercameback.10.A:Thereremanyrabbitsthere.Theycantkillthemall.B:Therere_manyrabbitsthere_theycantkillthemall.,课时训练,and,or,suchathat,didntuntil,sothat,11.A:WhenIgetthere,Illgotoseehimatonce.B:Illgotoseehim_Igetthere.12.A:Youmaystayathome.Youmayalsogooutwithus.B:Youmay_stayathome_gooutwithus.13.A:Maryisthetallestgirlinherclass.(福州)B:Maryis_anyothergirlinherclass.14.A:Peterdrawswell.Henrydrawswell,too.(广西)B:Henrydraws_Peter.15.A:Maryrunsfasterthanmysister.(兰州)B:Mysisterdoesntrun_Marydoes.,assoonas,eitheror,tallerthan,aswellas,asfastas,课时训练,16.A:UncleWangfinishedhiswork.Hewenthome.B:UncleWang_gohome_hefinishedhiswork.17.A:LucyhasbeenawayfromtheUSAfor5years.B:Its5years_she_theUSA.18.A:“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?”heaskedme.B:Heaskedme_thegirl_somehelp.19.A:Mrs.Smithismyteacher.Sheisalsomygoodfriend.B:Mrs.Smithis_myteacher_mygoodfriend.20.A:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“Thatsright.”B:“Nanjinghaschangedalottheseyears.”“_it_.”,didntuntil,sinceleft,Ifneeded,notonlybutalso,So,has,课时训练,选择填空1.Theydidntstartthework_theirteachercameback.A.untilB.whileC.assoonasD.if2.Thedictionarycostmetoomuch,_itsreallyuseful.A.andB.soC.butD.or3.Carl,areyouinterestedinswimming?-Yes,_Imnotgoodatitatall.A.soB.andC.orD.but4.Youllbelate_youdontgetupearlytomorrowmorning.A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until5.Idliketochangethispairoftrousers,_givememymoneyback.A.soB.orC.butD.and,A,C,D,A,A,课时训练,6.Alicewantedtoknow_hergrandmotherlikedthebag.A.thatB.ifC.whichD.what7.Mr.Johnhasworkedinthatsmalltown_heleftCanadain1998.(山西)A.whenB.afterC.forD.since8.Thatwasourfirstlesson,_shedidntknowallournames.A.forB.butC.soD.or9._Saturday_SundayisOK.Illbefreeinthesetwodays.A.Either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.One;theother10.Pleasecome_havedinnerwithus.A.andB.soC.butD.or,B,D,C,A,A,课时训练,11.Heislisteningtothemusic_heiswashingclothes.(广西A.afterB.beforeC.thatD.while12._therearetoomanypeoplehere,_wehavetofindanotherhouse.A.Because;soB.Though;butC.Since;/D./;if13.LiLeisaid_hecouldfinishhishomeworkbeforesixoclock.A.ifB.whatC.thatD.when14.Canyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where15.ThisTVsetistoodear,_itgivesyouabetterpicture.A.orB.andC.ifD.though,D,C,C,D,D,课时训练,16.Dontdrinktoomuchteaintheevening,_youwontfallasleep.(大连)A.andB.soC.orD.but17._heisveryyoung,_heknowsseverallanguage(