英语五种基本句型结构ppt课件

.,英语五种基本句型结构一.主谓,一、句型1：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：1)LiMingworksveryhard.2)Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayafternoon.3）Springiscoming.若不及物动词+介词也可以带宾语Theoldmandiedofhunger.不及物动词表见q群,.,二.主谓宾,二、句型3：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Object(宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：1)Hetookmyarms.2)LiLeialwayshelpsmewhenIhavedifficulties.3)SheplanstotravelinthecomingMayDay.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。4)IdontknowwhatIshoulddonext.(从句),.,常见及物动词,bat29.concentrate30.conduct31.confirm32.confront33.consume34.control35.convey38.cut39.damage40.debate41.delay42.deliver43.demonstrate44.deny45.deserve46.destroy47.determine48.develop49.discuss,.,50.dismiss51.display52.disregard53.disrupt54.distract55.distribute56.earn57.ease58.eliminate59.emphasise60.employ61.encounter62.enforce63.enhance64.enrich65.establish66.examine/exam67.exercise68.exhibit69.expand70.exploit71.explore72.express73.extend75.facilitate76.follow77.form79.foster80.fulfil81.gain82.gather83.generate84.guarantee86.handle88.hold89.ignore90.imitate93.impose94.improve95.increase98.lay99.limit100.lose,.,101.vide126.pursue127.raise128.reach129.receive130.recognise131.reduce132.reform133.reject134.relieve135.remove136.repair137.repeat138.replace139.resist140.resolve141.respect142.restore143.retain144.reverse145.review146.satisfy147.set148.share149.shift150.solve151.spend152.spoil154.strengthen155.supply156.support158.suspend159.sustain160.take161.teach162.transfer163.transform164.trigger165.understand166.undergo(经历)167.undertake168.utilise169.win170.withdraw,.,三.主系表,三、句型2：Subject(主语)Link.V(系动词词)Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,keep,stay,remain,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,等。如：1)Thiskindoffoodtastesdelicious.2)Helookedworriedjustnow.(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,get,turn,grow,go等。：1)Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.2)Thetreehasgrownmuchtallerthanbefore.,.,grow,turn,go变成，成为,1.grow常指逐渐地变成新状态，强调渐变的过程。growtall长高；growlouder（声音）大起来2.1)turn后面多接表示颜色的形容词作表语，也可以接表示天气的形容词作表语侧重指变得与原来截然不同。Themanturnedbluewithfear.Theweathersuddenlyturnedmuchcolder.2)注意turn后接名词作表语不带冠词turndoctor=becomeadoctor=makeadoctor成为一名医生3.1)go作为连系动词，通常与形容词连用，通常表示由好变坏或由正常情况变成特殊情况。gomad/crazy/blind/bad/hungry/wrong2)go也可以接表示颜色的形容词作表语Hearingthis,shewentred.,.,四.主谓间宾直宾,句型4：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirectobject(间接宾语)Directobject(直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。1)Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。2）TheoldmanalwaystellsthechildrenstoriesabouttheheroesintheLongMarch.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为：1）Herfatherboughtadictionaryforherasabirthdaypresent.2）TheoldmanalwaystellsstoriesabouttheheroestothechildrenintheLongMarch.,.,英语中接双宾语的动词,awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.颁奖给某人bringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.把某物带给某人handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物递给某人lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.把某物借给某人mailsb.sth.=mailsth.tosb.把某物寄给某人offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.将某物给某人owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付给某人某物（钱）postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.把某物寄给某人readsb.sth.=readsth.tosb.把某物读给某人听returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.把某物还给某人,.,英语中接双宾语的动词,1.双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物给某人看takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿给某人teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.教某人某物tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某情况throwsb.sth.=throwsth.tosb.把某物扔给某人writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.给某人写信sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送给某人sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物卖给某人servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人,.,2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词,booksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.为某人预定某物buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.为某人买某物choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.为某人选某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.为某人煮某物drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.为某人画某物fetchsb.sth.=fetchsth.forsb.为某人去取某物findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.为某人找到某物fixsb.sth.=fixsth.forsb.为某人准备某物getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.为某人拿来某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做某物,.,2.双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词,ordersb.sth.=ordersth.forsb.为某人订购某物picksb.sth.=picksth.forsb.为某人采摘某物preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.为某人准备某物savesb.sth.=savesth.forsb.为某人留某物singsb.sth.=singsth.forsb.为某人唱某歌sparesb.sth.=sparesth.forsb.为某人让出某物stealsb.sth.=stealsth.forsb.为某人偷某物3、有的动词后接的双宾语易位时，既可用介词to引出间接宾语，也可用介词for引出间接宾语，含义相同。如bring，play等：Bringmetodayspaper.=Bringtodayspapertoforme.,.,五.主谓宾宾补,五、句型5：Subject(主语)Verb(动词)Object(宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：1）Youshouldkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.2)Wemadehimourmonitor.3)Hisfathertoldhimnottoplayinthestreet.4）Myfatherlikestowatchtheboysplayingbasketball.5)YesterdayIhadapicturetakenwithtwoAmericans常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：1)Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板让他整天做那项工作。,.,接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词,advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事asksb.todosth.请（叫）某人做某事bearsb.todosth.忍受某人做某事begsb.todosth.请求某人做某事causesb.todosth.导致某人做某事commandsb.todosth.命令某人做某事drivesb.todosth.驱使某人做某事electsb.todosth.选举某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事,.,forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事getsb.todosth.使（要）某人做某事hatesb.todosth.讨厌某人做某事helpsb.todosth.帮助某人做某事intendsb.todosth.打算要某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀请某人做某事leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事likesb.todosth.喜欢某人做某事meansb.todosth.打算要某人做某事needsb.todosth.需要某人做某事obligesb.todosth.迫使某人做某事ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事permitsb.todosth.允许某人做某事persuadesb.todosth.说服某人做某事prefersb.todosth.宁愿某人做某事,.,requestsb.todosth.要求某人做某事remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事teachsb.todosth.教某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告诉某人做某事trainsb.todosth.训练某人做某事troublesb.todosth.麻烦某人做某事wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事wishsb.todosth.希望某人做某事汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成excuseforgivesb.fordoingsth.汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advisesb.todosth.汉语的“安排某人做某事”，英语可说成arrangeforsb.todosth.汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demandofsb.todosth.汉语的“感谢某人做某事”，英语可说成thanksb.fordoingsth.汉语的“祝贺某人做某事”英语可说成congratulatesb.ondoingsth.汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成preventsb.fromdoingsth,.,接现在分词作宾补的16个常用动词,catchsb.doingsth.碰上（撞上）某人做某事discoversb.doingsth.发现某人做某事findsb.doingsth.碰上（撞上）某人做某事getsb.doingsth.使某人做某事keepsb.doingsth.使某人不停地做某事havesb.doingsth.使某人做某事feelsb.doingsth.感觉某人做某事hearsb.doingsth.听见某人做某事listentosb.doingsth.听某人做某事lookatsb.doingsth.看着某人做某事noticesb.doingsth.注意到某