英语国家概况精(修订版)ppt课件

.,1,AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries,英语国家概况,TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland,ChapterOne,Geography,PeopleandLanguage,Contents,IGeography,1.GeographicalFeatures2.Climate3.MajorCities,MapoftheUK,Readthemaptofind:AtlanticOceanNorthSeaIrishSeaTheEnglishChannelTheRepublicofIreland,Geography,TheofficialtitleoftheUKtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland（since1927)ConventionallyshortenedtoUnitedKingdomAbbreviation:UKTheUKismadeupof:GreatBritain(England,ScotlandandWales)NorthernIreland,Questiontoponder:Peopleoftengetconfusedwiththeterms“England”,“Britain”,“GreatBritain”,“UnitedKingdom”,and“BritishIsles”.EvensomeBritishpeoplearenotfullyawareofthepreciserealitythatthesetermsexpress.Dothesetermsmeanthesame?,EnglandManypeoplesayEnglandwhentheyreallymeanTheUnitedKingdom.Thisisnotcorrect!PeopleinScotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandconsideritinsultingandhatehearingBritainbeingreferredtoas“England”asitappearstoignoretheirexistence.EnglandisonlyaconstituentcountryintheUK,andapartoftheislandofGreatBritain,togetherwithScotlandandWales.,BritainStrictly,“Britain”referstothelargestislandintheBritishIsles,whichcontainsmodern-dayEngland,WalesandScotlandandislandsgovernedfromthemainland(i.e.notIsleofManorChannelIslands).However,theterm“Britain”ismorecommonlyusedasapoliticalterm:analternativenamefortheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.,GreatBritainGreatBritainisthecollectivenameforthethreecountriesofEngland,ScotlandandWales.ItalsoincludesthesmalladjacentislandsbutitdoesnotincludetheChannelIslandsandtheIsleofMan.GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtogetherformtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,orUK.,TheUnitedKingdom“TheUnitedKingdom”istheabbreviatedformfortheofficialname“TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland“,whichcameintousein1922aftertheconstitutionoftheIrishFreeState(1922-1937),theformernameoftheRepublicofIreland.,TheBritishIsles(不列颠群岛）TheBritishIslesisageographicaltermforagroupofislandsconsistingofGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,andmanyothersmallersurroundingislands.TheBritishIslesarethelargestgroupofislandsinEurope.,Locationandterritory,LocationoftheUK:Themainlandareasliebetweenlatitudes49Nand61Nandlongitudes8Wto2ETotalterritory:about243,000squarekilometersInterestingFact:NooneintheUKlivesmorethan120km(75miles)fromthesea.,Topography(地势）,NorthernIreland:Itsmostlyhilly.,Wales:Itsmostlymountainous.SouthWalesislessmountainousthanNorthandMid-Wales.,Scotland:Itsgeographyisvaried,withlowlandsinthesouthandeastandhighlandsinthenorthandwest.,England:Itconsistsoflowlandterrain,withsomemountainousterraininthenorthwest,northandsouthwest.,BenNevisinScotlandthehighestpointinUK,RiversandLakes,Thelongestriver:SevernRiver(about980kmkilometerslong)Thesecondlongestriver:Thames(330kmkilometerslong)ThelargestLakeintheBritishIsles:LoughNeagh（内伊湖）,Thames,TheRiverThames(泰晤士河),thelongestriverinEnglandandthesecondlongestintheUnitedKingdom(332kilometerslong)ahistoricallandmarkinthecityofLondon.AboatridealongtheThamesisalsosomethingthateveryvisitorshouldexperience.Severalboatracesandactivitiestakeplacealongorattherivereachyear.,LakeDistrict,Lakepoets,IWanderedLonelyasaCloudWilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhighoervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.,Lakepoets,Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:Apoetcouldnotbutbegay,Insuchajocundcompany:IgazedandgazedbutlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbrought:Foroft,whenonmycouchIlieInvacantorinpensivemood,TheyflashuponthatinwardeyeWhichistheblissofsolitude;Andthenmyheartwithpleasurefills,Anddanceswiththedaffodils.,Kilts,Knee-lengthskirtlikegarmentthatiswornbymenasamajorelementofthetraditionalnationalgarbofScotland.HighlanddressisalsotheuniformofScottishregimentsintheBritisharmy,andkiltshavebeenworninbattleasrecentlyasWorldWarII.InBraveheart,WilliamWallace,aScottishfreedomfighter,wearshiskilthighonthethighwhileriding.,2.Climate,Maincharacteristics:Temperate,withwarmsummers,coolwintersandplentifulprecipitation（降水）throughouttheyearThreemajorfeatures:WinterfogRainydaysInstability/Changeability,3.MajorCitiesLondon,TheRiverThames,thecapitalofEnglandandtheUnitedKingdomthepolitical,industrial,culturalandfinancialcenterofthecountryoneoftheworldsleadingbankingandfinancialcenters,Landmarks,TheCanterburyTales,3.ModernEnglish(15th),TheprintingpressbroughtstandardizationtoEnglishSamuelJohnsonsdictionaryestablishedastandardformofspellingRenaissanceassimilatedforeignwordsTheIndustrialRevolutionnecessitatedtheintroductionofnewwordsfornewthingsandideasTheriseoftheBritishEmpireandthegrowthofglobaltradeledtotheassimilationofwordsfrommanyotherlanguages,Othello,WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)La:Thointhetradeofwarre,Ihaueflainemen,YetdoeIholditveryftuftofConfcience.Todoenocontriudmurrher;IlackeiniquitySometimestodoeferuice:nineortentimes,Ihadthoughttohaueierkdhimhere,Vndertheribbes.Oth.:Tisbetterasitis.Whichcanbetranslatedas:La:ThoughinthetradeofwarIhaveslainman,YetdoIholditverystuffotheconscience.Todonocontrivedmurder:IlackiniquitySometimestodomeservice:nineortemtimesIhadthoughttohaveyerkdhimhereundertheri