英语八大时态介绍(附练习题).doc

英语八大时态介绍一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍：（一）一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。 3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。（二）一般现在时的构成 1.be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。（三）一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。 如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。 否定句：主语+ dont( doesnt ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I dont like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesnt构成否定句。如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。 如：- Do you often play football? 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?动词+s的变化规则（1）一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks（2）以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies一般过去时1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：（1）am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasnt）（2）are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=werent）（3）带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子。 如：Jim went home yesterday.否定句：didnt +动词原形，如：Jim didnt go home yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday? 疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？ 如：Who went home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked2结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed， 如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不规则动词过去式（见必修一课本后）现在进行时1. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为：be+动词ing. 如：She is studying.3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。 如：She is not studying.4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。如：Is she studying?5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing?如：Where is she studying?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词+ be + 动词ing?如：Who is studing?6. 动词加ing的变化规则:1一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping过去进行时1.概念：表示过去某时间或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。如：What were you doing this time yesterday? -I was playing basketball昨天这个时候你在干什么？ -我在打蓝球。2.构成：过去进行时由助动词be的过去式was(were)加doing构成。如：He was flying a kite.3.句式(1)陈述肯定句：主语+were(was)+doing如：He was doing his homework then(2)陈述否定句：主语+were(was)+not+doing如：I was not doing my homework thenWere(was)not还可缩写成werent或wasnt。(3)一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答：Were(was)+主语+doing？Yes, 主语（人称代词）were(was)/No, 主语（人称代词）werent(wasnt)如：Were they doing their homework then? Yes, they were/No, they werent4与现在进行时的区别：两者都表示动作正在进行，只是时间有别。现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。过去进行时则表示在过去时间点或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。如：Look! They are playing football瞧！他们在踢足球。 They were playing football this time last Saturday,too上星期六这个时间，他们也在踢足球。5与一般过去时的区别：一般过去时表示过去时间里做了某事，侧重动作的结束。过去进行时表示动作在过去时间里正在进行，侧重动作的描述。如：We planted trees yesterday昨天我们栽了树。 We were planting trees at nine yesterday昨天九点我们正在植树。将来进行时 将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。如： 1)This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.2)What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening? 明天晚上六点钟你将干什么？一般将来时一、 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本结构：be going to + do；will+ do. 三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成wont。例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。1. 问人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 问干什么。What do. 例如：My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3. 问什么时候。When. 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?六、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.现在完成时现在完成时是由助动词+过去分词构成，其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。现将其主要用法小结如下：1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如： I have just cleaned my clothes我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）。2表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，也可以表示可能继续下去的动作或状态。这时，往往与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I have been here for just over two years我到这里才两年多。3现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等，但可以和never, ever, already, yet, just, for, since等连用。如： Have you finished your work yet?你已经完成你的工作了吗？ I have never heard that before过去，我从未听说过那件事。4be的现在完成时态。(1)表示一种状态，表示从过去已经开始持续到现在，要与表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：There has been a factory near No14 Middle School for several years14中学附近有家工厂，已经有几年了。(2)表示某人刚从某地回来。例如：-Where have you been?你到哪里去了？-I have been to the library我到图书馆去了。(3)后加地点，表示某人曾经到过某地。例如：Have you ever been to West Hill Farm?你曾到过西山农场吗？但是“have(has)gone(to)+地点”则表示已去了某地，不在说话者所在的地方。例如： Where is Kate? She has gone to Beijing with her father凯特在哪里？她和她父亲一起去北京了。5瞬间动词的现在完成时。瞬间动词也叫短暂性动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束，所以不能跟表示一段的时间状语连用，但可以用其它方式来表达。像这样的词有：buy, sell, begin, start, leave, come, go, borrow, lend, return, die, jojn等。例如：火车已离开半小时了。 正：The train left half an hour ago 正：It has been half an hour since the train left 正：It is half an hour since the train left但是，这些动词的完成时的否定式可与表示一段时间的状语连用，表示一种状态。例如：I havent received a letter from my father for two months我已两个月没收到我爸爸的信了。He hasnt come here for a week他一个星期没有来这里了。过去完成时 (1)表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1)We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.汤姆进来的时候我们刚吃好早餐。 2)By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. (2)动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如：I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. (3)过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1)hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。例如：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2)no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如：No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3)by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon.将来完成时 将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) +表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1)By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2)I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 英语八大时态练习题一、 动词的各种时态表格（以work为例）时态一般进行完成完成进行现在过去将来过去将来判断下列句子的时态1. We clean the room every day. 2. We cleaned the room just now. 3. We are cleaning the room now. 4. We were cheaning the room at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 5. We have cleaned the room already. 6. We had cleaned the room before he arrived. 7. We will clean the room tomorrow. 8. He said he would clean the room next.二 选择题1. He _ back a month ago. (come) 2. My mother often tells me _ in bed. (not read) 3. I must take it back the day after tomorrow. You can only _ it for 24 hours. (保存) 4. Why have you kept me _ here for so long a time? (wait) 5. Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow. (be) 6. She _ to the Great Wall several times. (goes) 7. In his letter, he said that he _ us very much. (miss) 8. The film _ for nearly fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema. (be) 9. He said he became _ in physics. (interest) 10. This film is worth _. (see) 11. He went to school instead of _ home. (go) 12. In the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a job. (找) 13. Its cold outside, so youd better _ your coat. (穿上) 14. He is hungry. Please give him something _. (eat) 15. Please dont waste time _ TV every evening. You should word hard at English. (watch) 16. We found the window _. (break) 17. You have dropped your pencil. _. (拾起来) 18. Mother often tells me _ too late. (not come home) 19. You had better _ by bus, or you will be late. (go) 20. I will _ Li Ming the good news as soon as I see him. (告诉) 21. Great changes _ in our country since 1978. (take place) 22. I _ my daughter since last month. (hear from) 23. It _ me two days to write the article. (花费) 24. Dont touch that _ child. (sleep) 25. Every time he tried to start the car, the wheels _deep into the mud. (sink) 26. When I got home, I found that my room _ breaks into sand a lot of things _. (steal) 27. If I had arrived there earlier, I _ him. (meet) 28. I didnt remember _ her the book before. (give) 29. He called at every door, _ people the exciting news. (tell) 30. Yesterday Mary couldnt finish her homework, so she has to go on _ it this afternoon. (do) 31. We _football when it began to rain. We had to stop and go home. (play) 32. Xiao Lin _ from here for about two hours. (be away) 34. Last night we _ back home until the teacher left school. (not go) 35. Comrade Li Dazhao _ in prison in 1927. (put) 37. We could not help _ after we heard the story. (laugh) 38. Would