lecture 1.1 logistics definitoin2009

LiuJinpingTransportationManagementCollegeDalianMaritimeUniversityEmail:tojinping2000Office:文科楼581,AnIntroductiontoContemporaryLogistics-ConceptsofLogistics?(Lec.1.1),“Thescienceofcorrectreasoningbymeansofmathematics”,-LogisticswasdefinedbytheGreeks,Outline,BackgroundDefinitionofLogisticsMissionofLogisticsLogisticsKeyComponentsReviewMainreference:Chapter2p30-45,“Logistics”inDictionary,Logistics,n.,后勤学,后勤-thecarefulorganizationofasothatithappensinaLogistic,adj.,后勤学的,后勤的(ALSOlogistical)(fromCambridgeAdvancedLearnersDictionary),complicatedactivity,successfulandeffectiveway.,原来多用于军事,现用于流通等领域,翻译为“物流”。,Vocabulary,efficientadj.有效率的（方式）effectiveadj.有效果的（结果）,doingsthwellandthoroughlywithnowasteoftime,money,orenergy,producingtheresultthatiswanted;producingasuccessfulresult.,warehousen.仓库warehousingn.仓储,ware+house器皿+房子,abuildingwherelargequantitiesofgoodsarestored,especiallybeforetheyaresenttoshops/storestobesold,thepracticeorbusinessofstoringthingsinawarehouse,materialn.物料materialhandling物料搬运distributionn.配送transportv.运输inventoryn.库存,存货packagingn.包装fulfillmentn.履行完成orderfulfillment定单履行完成utilityn.效用,Vocabulary,3PL,COSCOLogistics,VMI,Logistics,UPS,Douknowthose?,SCM,Outline,BackgroundDefinitionofLogisticsMissionofLogisticsLogisticsKeyComponentsReview,WhatisLogistics?,Popularlogisticsterms:LogisticsManagement物流管理BusinessLogisticsManagement企业物流管理IntegratedLogisticsManagement综合物流管理MaterialsManagement物料管理PhysicalDistributionManagement实体配送管理MarketingLogistics营销物流IndustrialLogistics工业物流Distribution配送Procurementandsupply采购与供应Pipeline管道Fulfillment定单完成,WhatisLogistics?,Logisticsmanagementisthatpartofthesupplychainmanagementthatplans,implementsandcontrolstheefficienteffectiveforwardandreverseflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationBetweenthepointoforigintothepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomersrequirements.Source:CSCMP,2003,Weuseitinthiscourse!,物流管理的对象,目的,范围,管理的功能,与供应链管理的关系,于2005年1月1日正式更名为美国供应链管理专业协会（简称CSCMP），,Movementandtransport,Production,Storage,Customer,GoodsFlowandStorage,Information/customerservice,PlanImplementControl,Logistics,RawMaterials,Logisticsmanagementisthatpartofsupplychainmanagementthatplans,implements,andcontrolstheefficient,effectiveforwardandreversesflowandstorageofgoods,servicesandrelatedinformationbetweenthepointoforiginandthepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomersrequirements.,WhatisLogistics?,物流管理是供应链管理的一部分，是对货物、服务及相关信息从起始地到消费地的有效率、有效益的正向和反向流动与存储进行的计划、执行和控制，以满足客户要求。,Source:CSCMP（美国供应链管理专业协会）,2003,Logisticsisgettingtherightproductintherightquantity,intherightcondition,attherightplaceattherighttimeattherightcosttotherightcustomer,(UKInstituteofLogisticsandTransport,1998),7Rs,RightinformationRightquality,+,Whodefinesthe“R”?,WhatisLogistics?,中国国家标准物流（logistics）：物品从供给地向接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。摘自中华人民共和国国家标准物流术语（GB/T18354-2001）,WhatisLogistics?,WhatisLogistics?,中国国家标准物流管理（logisticsmanagement）：以最低的物流成本达到用户所满意的服务水平，对物流活动进行的计划、组织、协调与控制。摘自中华人民共和国国家标准物流术语（GB/T18354-2001）,物流：物质资料从供给者向需要者的物理性移动，是创造时间性、场所性价值的经济活动。从物流的范畴来看，包括：包装、装卸、保管、库存管理、流通加工、运输、配送等诸种活动。日本综合研究所编著的物流手册（1981年）,日本的物流定义,WhatisLogistics?,WhatisLogistics?,OtherLogisticsDefinitions(p39),Inventory,managementofmaterialsinmotionandatrest.(运动和静止中的物料管理）,Utility/value,Dictionary,Customer,Functionmanagement,OtherLogisticsDefinitions(p39),Inventory,Branchofmilitarysciencehavingtodowithprocuring,maintainingandtransportingmaterial,personnel,andfacilities.,Utility/value,Dictionary,Customer,Functionmanagement,OtherLogisticsDefinitions(p39),Inventory,效用/价值:Providingtimeandplaceutility/valueofmaterialsandproductsinsupportoforganizationobjectives.,Utility/value,Dictionary,Customer,Functionmanagement,OtherLogisticsDefinitions(p39),Inventory,Utility/value,Dictionary,Gettingtherightproduct,totherightcustomerIntherightquantity,intherightcondition,attherightplace,attherighttime.andattherightcost.,Customer,Functionmanagement,7R,OtherLogisticsDefinitions(p39),Inventory,Utility/value,Dictionary,Materialsrequirementsdetermination,purchasing,transportation,inventorymanagement,warehousing,materialhandling,industrialpackaging,facilitylocationanalysis,Distribution,returngoodshandling,informationmanagement,Customerservice,andallotheractivitiesconcernedwithsupportingtheinternalcustomersandtheexternalcustomer.,Customer,Functionmanagement,WhatisLogistics?,Otherpopularlogisticsterms:LogisticsManagement物流管理BusinessLogisticsManagement企业物流管理IntegratedLogisticsManagement综合物流管理MaterialsManagement物料管理PhysicalDistributionManagement实体配送管理MarketingLogistics营销物流IndustrialLogistics工业物流Distribution配送Procurementandsupply采购与供应Pipeline管道Fulfillment定单完成,Outline,BackgroundDefinitionofLogisticsMissionofLogisticsLogisticsKeyComponentsReview,MissionofLogisticsManagement,Storage,warehousingandmaterialhandlingTransportInventoryInformationandcontrolPackagingandunitization,Service,Cost,Toplanandco-ordinatethoseactivitiestoachievedesiredlevelsofdeliveryserviceatlowestpossiblecost,Outline,BackgroundDefinitionofLogisticsMissionofLogisticsLogisticsKeyComponentsReview,Keycomponentsoflogistics(1)(TVManufacturer),DiscusstheprocessofproducinganddistributingTVs?,Packagingunitization,FinishedGoodsinventorywarehouse,Logistics,Procurement,Materialmanagement,Distribution,CustomersAndEndusers,Informationflow,TransportationProduction/storage,Keycomponentsoflogistics(1)(TVManufacturer),Source:RushtonA.,2002,Reverselogistics,Work-in-process,Bought-in-parts,Importedmaterials,Productsourcing,Packagingitems,Components,Rawmaterial,Sub-assemble,Productionprocess,Distributioncenter,Depots,Keycomponentsoflogistics(2),Transport(运输),保护、管理、贮藏物品,一个企业所持有的货物的单位量和或价值,在一个存储区域范围内的货物的短距离移动,运输是指用设备和工具，将物品从一地点向另一地点运送的物流活动。其中包括集货、分配、搬运、中转、装入、卸下、分散等一系列操作,包装是指为在流通过程中保护商品、方便运输、促进销售，按照一定技术方法而采用容器、材料及辅助物等的总体名称，也指为了达到上述目的的操作活动。,Storage/warehousing(存储/仓储),Inventory(库存),Packaging(包装),Materialhandling(物料搬运),Informationandcontrol(信息与控制),Keycomponentsoflogistics,TransportModeoftransportFleetmanagementTypeofdeliveryoperationLoadplanning(装载计划)Routescheduling(路线安排)Ect.,StorageandwarehousingLocationofwarehouseNumber/sizeofdistributiondepotsTypeofoperationEct.,Keycomponentsoflogistics,MaterialhandlingchoiceofmaterialhandlingRentorowndecision?,Keycomponentsoflogistics,例：链式搬运,通过承载链实现物料搬运,例：轨道式搬运车,例：自动搬运车,InventoryWhattostockWheretostockHowmuchtoorderWhentoorderEct.,Keycomponentsoflogistics,Keycomponentsoflogistics,InformationandcontrolOrderprocessingsystemDesignofsystemsControlofprocurementForecastingEct.,Keycomponentsoflogistics,Packagingandunitization(单元化）Unitload(装载单元)ProtectivepackagingEct.,OtherKeycomponentsoflogistics,OrderfulfillmentDemandforecastingCustomerserviceReturngoodshandlingSalvage&scrapdisposalParts&servicesupportPurchasingProductionplanning,WhatothersLogisticsactivities？,Storage/warehousingTransportmaterialhandlingInventoryInformationandcontrolPackagingandunitization,定单履行完成,需求预测,退货处理,采购,废弃物处理,生产计划,配件服务,QuickReviewofkeystudypoints,Logisticsis.Apartofthesupplychainprocessthatplans,implementsandcontrolstheefficienteffectiveflowandstoragesofgoods,serviceandrelatedinformationfrompointoforigintothepointofconsumptioninordertomeetcustomerrequirements,WhatisLogistics?物流（logistics）：物品从供给地向接收地的实体流动过程。根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。物流管理（logisticsmanagement）：以最低的物流成本达到用户所满意的服务水平，对物流活动进行的计划、组织、协调与控制。,QuickReviewofkeystudypoints,Themissionoflogisticsmanagementis.LowestCostandsatisfiedcustomerservices,Storage,warehousingTransportmaterialhandlingInventoryInformationandcontrolPackagingandunitization,Keycomponentsoflogisticsare,QuickReviewofkeystudypoints,Theend,BackgroundDefinitionofLogisticsMissionofLogisticsLogisticsKeyComponentsReview,关于物流的理论认识物流学说,课外自学阅读：物流理论,成本中心学说“黑暗大陆”学说“第三利润源”学说服务中心学说“效益背反”学说物流战略学说绿色物流学说,关于物流的理论认识物流学说,日本早稻田大学的西泽修教授提出了“物流成本的冰山说”，其含义是说人们对物流费用的了解实际上是一片空白，甚至有很大的虚假性，物流费用就像冰山一样，人们所提到的物流费用仅仅是露出海水面的冰山一角，而潜藏在海水里的整个冰山却看不见，海水中的冰山才是物流费用的主体部分。成本中心学说指出“物流是降低成本的宝库”或“冰山的水下部分”正是尚待开发的领域，是物流的潜力所在。这无疑激起了人们对物流成本的关注，推动了企业物流的发展。,成本中心学说,1962年4月，美国管理学家彼得德鲁克在财富杂志上发表了题为“经济领域的黑暗大陆”的文章。文章认为“我们对物流的认识就像拿破仑当年对非洲大陆的认识。我们知道它确实存在，而且很大，但除此之外，我们便一无所知”，这篇文章被公认为首次明确提出物流领域的潜力，具有划时代的意义，从此标志着企业物流管理领域的正式启动。这中包含着两层意思：其一是这个领域未知的东西很多，其理论和实践还不太成熟；其二是在该领域内有很多可供开发的东西。,“黑暗大陆”学说,“第三利润源”学说最初是由日本早稻田大学教授西泽修提出来的。1970年，西泽修教授把其著作流通费用的副标题写作“不为人知的第三利润源泉”，认为物流可以为企业提供大量直接或间接的利润，是形成企业经营利润的主要活动。同样的解释还反映在日本另一位物流学者谷本谷一先生编著的现代日本物流问题一书和日本物流管理协议会编著的物流管理手册中。后来“第三利润源”才逐步在其他国家流传开。第三利润源”学说是对物流价值(或物流职能)的理论评价，它从一个侧面反映出当时人们重视物流管理和深化理论研究的实际情况。,“第三利润源”学说,鲍尔索克斯在其著