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ENERGY,RENEWABLEENERGY-Inexhaustiblesourceofenergy.Ex-solar,Hydro,Wind,Tidal&GeothermalNON-RENEWABLEENERGY-Exhaustiblewithtime.Ex-Fossilfuels,Nuclearfuels.,SOLARENERGY,EarthReceives1018kwhofsolarenergyeveryyearThesurfaceoftheearthreceivesabout1014kWfromsun,Obstaclesinharnessingsolarenergy,ItisnotconstantlyavailableonearthThussomeformofstorageisneededtosustainsolarenergythroughthenightandduringrainyseasonSolarenergyisdiffused.,SOLARWATERHEATING,FlatplatecollectorParabolicorconcentratingcollector,Flatplatecollector,Theabsorberplateismetallic.Itisusuallycoatedblacktoabsorbmoreheatenergy.Tubes,passagesorchannelsintegralwiththecollectorcarrywaterorotherworkingfluid.Insulationshouldbeprovidedatthebackandatthesidestominimizetheheatlosses.Usuallyglasswoolisusedasinsulationmaterial.,Parabolicorconcentratingcollector,Thereflectorwillhaveaparabolicshapesothatthesunraysstrikingtheprofilewillbereflectedonitsfocalpoint.Ifatubecarryingafluidiskeptalongthefocalline,thefluidwillbeheatedtoaveryhightemperature.,Lowtemperaturesystem,Thissystemusesaflatplatecollector,whichcanheatwateruptoabout800Conly.Wateriscirculatedthroughtheflatplatecollector.Heatexchangerisusedtovaporizealowboilingfluid(butane)andthebutanevaporwillruntheturbine,Hightemperaturesystem,Areceiverismountedonthetowerwhichis100to500mhighreflectingmirrorsareknownasheliostat.Theheliostatarearrangedinsuchawaythattheydirectthesolarenergyonthereceiverthroughouttheday.Thereceiverisdesignedandpositionedinsuchawaytointercept,absorbandtransfermaximumheattoworkingfluid.Thetemperatureachievedis15000Cto17000C,ADVANTAGES,RenewablesourceofenergyPollutionfreeAfterthecapitalcost,thecostofpowergenerationisquitelowWiderangeofapplications,poweringstreetlightstosatellites,DISADVANTAGES,CapitalcostisveryhighLargeareaoflandisrequiredLargenumberofsolarpanelsarerequiredAffectedbyseasons.,WINDENERGY,ElectricalenergycanbegeneratedbywindenergybyutilizingthekineticenergyofwindWindmillsareclassifiedintotwotypesHorizontalaxiswindturbineVerticalaxiswindturbine,HORIZONTALAXISWINDTURBINE,VERTICALAXISWINDTURBINE,VerticalaxiswindturbinecanbeclassifiedintotwotypesDarrieustypeSavoniustype,ADVANTAGES,WindIsRenewableAndFreeOfCostPollutionfreeCanbeinstalledinremotevillages,thusreducingcostlytransmissionlines,DISADVANTAGES,CapitalcostisveryhighLargeareaoflandisrequiredVerydiffusesource.maintenancecostisveryhigh,TIDALENERGY,Thelargescaleupanddownmovementofseawaterrepresentsanunlimitedsourceofenergy.Themainfeatureofthetidalcycleisthedifferenceinwatersurfaceelevationsatthehightideandatthelowtide.Ifthedifferentialheadcouldbeutilizedinoperatingahydraulicturbine,thetidalenergycouldbeconvertedintoelectricalenergybymeansofanattachedgenerator.,TIDALPOWERPLANT,ADVANTAGES,ItisinexhaustiblesourceofenergyNoproblemofpollutionAfterthecapitalcost,thecostofpowergenerationisquitelowHighoutputcanbeobtainedcomparedtosolarorwindenergy,DISADVANTAGES,CapitalcostisveryhighAstheheadisnotconstant,variableoutputisobtainedAstheheadislow,largeamountofwaterisnecessaryfortheturbineItwillnotoperatewhentheavailableheadislessthan0.5m,GEOTHERMALENERGY,Geothermalpowerplantsderiveenergyfromtheheatoftheearthsinterior.Theaverageincreaseintemperaturewithdepthoftheearthis10Cforevery30-40m.Atadepthof10-15km,theearthsinteriorisashotas1000-12000C.Incertainareasofourplanet,theundergroundheathasraisedthetemperatureofwatertoover2000Cwhichburstsoutashotsteamthroughthecracksintheearthscrust.Thissteamcanbeutilizedforpowerproduction.,GEOTHERMALPOWERPLANTS,Geothermalwellsaredrilledatsuitablelocations.Watervaporizedintosteamcomesoutoftheearthssurfaceinadryconditionataround2000Cand8bar.Thissteamwillruntheturbinecoupledwithagenerator.Steamiscondensedinacondenserandreinjectedbackintothegroundbyarejectionwell,ADVANTAGES,GeothermalenergyischeaperUsedasspaceheatingforbuildingsUsedasindustrialprocessheatGeothermalenergyisinexhaustible,DISADVANTAGES,Lowoverallpowerproductionefficiency(about15%)DrillingoperationisnoisyLargeareasareneededfoeexploitationofgeothermalenergy,OCEANTHERMALENERGYCONVERSION,OTECusesthetemperaturedifferenceoftheseawateratdifferentdepthstogenerateelectricity,OCEANTHERMALENERGYCONVERSION,OTECutilizesthetemperaturedifferencethatexistsbetweenthesurfacewatersheatedbythesunandthecolderdeep(upto1000m)waterst