passage真题分析与技巧ppt课件

.,1,Passages真题分析与技巧,ListeningComprehension-Section3,.,2,Passage1-2007/12,Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimes,however,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Inthiscase,theymaydecidetoadoptachild.Infact,adoptionisverycommontoday.Thereareabout60thousandadoptionseachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.,.,3,Somepeopleprefertoadoptinfants,othersadoptolderchildren,somecouplesadoptchildrenfromtheirowncountries;othersadoptchildrenfromforeigncountries.Inanycase,theyalladoptchildrenforthesamereason-theycareaboutchildrenandwanttogivetheiradoptedchildahappylife.,.,4,Mostadoptedchildrenknowthattheyareadopted.Psychologistsandchild-careexpertsgenerallythinkthisisagoodidea.However,manyadoptedchildrenoradopteeshaveverylittleinformationabouttheirbiologicalparents.,.,5,Asamatteroffact,itisoftenverydifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparentsbecausethebirthrecordsofmostadopteesareusuallysealed.Theinformationissecretsonoonecanseeit.Naturally,adoptedchildrenhavedifferentfeelingsabouttheirbirthparents.,.,6,Manyadopteeswanttosearchforthem,butothersdonot.Thedecisiontosearchforbirthparentsisadifficultonetomake.Mostadopteeshavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirbiologicalparents.Eventhoughadopteesdonotknowabouttheirnaturalparents,theydoknowthattheiradoptedparentswantthem,lovethemandwillcareforthem.,.,7,Questions26-29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Accordingtothespeaker,whydosomecouplesadoptchildren?27.Whyisitdifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents?28.Whydomanyadopteesfindithardtomakethedecisiontosearchfortheirbirthparents?29.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?,.,8,短文听力须知,首先，短文听力的出题顺序与相关原文出现的顺序一致。另外，听力短文一般文脉清晰，问题的设置也遵循着一定的模式。英语文章往往开门见山，首句提出主题，接下来分析问题，最后得出结论，或者进一步提出解决问题的方法。问题的设置一般与原文的结构相匹配。第一题一般问文章论述或介绍的问题是什么，第二题问原因是什么，第三题则可能是问如何解决。如果有第四题，则有可能是推理题。根据这两个规律，短文听力的基本思路：预览所有选项，根据选项预测文章的结构和内容，有准备地听。,.,9,短文听力基本功,解题技巧可归纳为8个字，即“眼耳手脑，面面俱到”眼阅读选项、补充背景、预测主题、猜想问题耳听音辨义、全神贯注手速记要点、标识关键脑综合选项、化音为义、记忆选择、判断推理,.,10,Passage2-2007/12,KatherineGramgraduatedfromUniversityofChicagoin1938andgotajobasanewsreporterinSanFrancisco.Katherinesfatherusedtobeasuccessfulinvestmentbanker.In1933,heboughtafailingnewspaper,theWashingtonPost.,.,11,ThenKatherinereturnedtoWashingtonandgotajob,editinglettersinherfathersnewspaper.ShemarriedPhilipGram,whotookoverhisfather-in-lawspositionshortlyafterandbecamepublisheroftheWashingtonPost.Butformanyyears,herhusbandsufferedfrommentalillnessandhekilledhimselfin1963.Afterherhusbandsdeath,Katherineoperatedthenewspaper.,.,12,Inthe1970s,thenewspaperbecamefamousaroundtheworldandKatherinewasalsorecognizedasanimportantleaderinnewspaperpublishing.ShewasthefirstwomantoheadamajorAmericanpublishingcompany,theWashingtonPostcompany.Inafewyears,shesuccessfullyexpandedthecompanytoincludenewspaper,magazine,broadcastandcablecompanies.,.,13,Shediedofheadinjuriesafterafallwhenshewas84.Morethan3thousandpeopleattendedherfuneralincludingmanygovernmentandbusinessleaders.HerfriendssaidshewouldberememberedasawomanwhohadanimportantinfluenceoneventsintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.,.,14,Katherineoncewrote,“Theworldwithoutnewspaperswouldnotbethesamekindofworld”.Afterherdeath,theemployeesoftheWashingtonPostwrote,“TheworldwithoutKatherinewouldnotbethesameatall.”,.,15,Questions30-32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutKatherinesfather?31.WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutKatherineGram?32.WhatdoesthecommentbyemployeesoftheWashingtonPostsuggest?,.,16,短文听力常考题型,（一）细节题就原文的细节提问，如时间、地点、人物、事情等，答案一般是原文表述或其同义替换。（二）推断题要依据所听到的内容，加上听者的常识和经验进行推理，才能得出答案。原文中一般不直接给出答案，但推断过程不会很复杂。（三）主旨题主旨类题目主要考查考生对短文的主题或主旨大意的理解，一般出现在短文的第一题或最后一题，所以短文的开头与结尾部分往往会成为考点。,.,17,短文听力听什么？,根据听力短文的特征，以及常规的命题方式，要做好短文听力，特别需要听下面几个方面的信息：高频词汇（短文中一再被提到的单词或词组）短文开头（文章开头往往是短文的中心所在）短文结尾（文章结尾常出考题）特殊细节（怎么独特，怎么考）因果细节（reason,why,therefore,because）转折细节（however,but,yet,ratherthan,insteadof）独特细节（最高级,first,last,only,unique,important）注：一般，每道题目中间会有一点的信息间隔。,.,18,Passage3-2007/12,Obtaininggoodhealthinsuranceisarealnecessitywhileyouarestudyingoverseas.Itprotectsyoufromminorandmajormedicalexpensesthatcanwipeoutnotonlyyoursavingsbutyourdreamsofaneducationabroad.Thereareoftentwodifferenttypesofhealthinsuranceyoucanconsiderbuying,internationaltravelinsuranceandstudentinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillbegoing.,.,19,Aninternationaltravelinsurancepolicyisusuallypurchasedinyourhomecountrybeforeyougoabroad.Itgenerallycoversawidevarietyofmedicalservicesandyouareoftengivenalistofdoctorsintheareawhereyouwilltravelwhomayevenspeakyournativelanguage.Thedrawbackmightbethatyoumaynotgetyourmoneybackimmediately,inotherwords,youmayhavetopayallyoumedicalexpensesandthenlatersubmityourreceiptstotheinsurancecompany.,.,20,Ontheotherhand,gettingstudentheathinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillstudymightallowyoutoonlypayacertainpercentageofthemedicalcostatthetimeofserviceandthusyoudonthavetohavesufficientcashtopaytheentirebillatonce.Whateveryoudecide,obtainingsomeformofhealthinsuranceissomethingyoushouldconsiderbeforeyougooverseas.Youshouldntwaituntilyouaresickwithmajormedicalbillstopayoff.,.,21,Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Whydoesthespeakeradviceoverseasstudentstobuyhealthinsurance?34.Whatisthedrawbackofstudentsbuyinginternationaltravelinsurance?35.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutstudentsgettinghealthinsuranceinthecountrywheretheywillstudy?,.,22,短文听力中的关联词,（一）因果：because,as,since,for,（略）（二）转折/让步：but,yet,however,nevertheless,nonethelessthough,although,eventhoughdespite,inspiteofinstead,insteadof,ratherthanincontrastto,bycontrast,onthecontraryregardlessofwhile,whereas,conversely,reversely,.,23,短文听力中的8大关联词,（三）列举：first,second,third,lastbutnottheleastfirstly,secondly,thirdly,finallyinthefirstplace,inthesecondplaceforonething,foranotherononehand,ontheotherhand（四）递进：inaddition,inadditionto,additionallywhatsmore,moreover,furthermorebesides,apartfrom,asidefrom,apartnotonlybutalso,.,24,短文听力中的8大关联词,（五）比较：similarly,likewise,like,unlikecomparedwith,incomparisonwithsimilarlyimportant,asopposedto（六）举例：forexample,forinstance,say,considersuchas,namely,liketakeasanexample,agoodexamplewouldbeasfor,asregards,astoforonething,foranother,.,25,短文听力中的8大关联词,（七）条件：if,once,aslongasprovidedthat,giventhat,providingthatsuppose,supposing,onconditionthatunless,lest,incaseifso,ifneccesary,ifpossible（八）归纳：insummary,tosummarize,tosumup,inconclusion,toconcludeinshort,inaword,inbrief,allinall,onthewhole,.,26,Passage1-2008/06,IthinkalotabouttimeandnotjustbecauseitsthenameofthenewsorganizationIworkfor.Likemostworkingpeople,Ifindtime,orthelackofit,andnever-endingfrustrationandanunwinnablebattle.MyeverydayisaraceagainsttheclockthatInevereverseemtowin.,.,27,Thisishardlyalonesomecomplaint.Accordingtothefamiliesandworkinstitutes,nationalstudyofthechangingworkforce,55percentofemployeessaytheydonthaveenoughtimeforthemselves,63percentdonthaveenoughtimefortheirspousesorpartners,and67percentdonthaveenoughtimefortheirchildren.Itsalsonotanewcomplaint.,.,28,Ibetourancestorsreturnedhomefromhuntingwildanimalsandgatheringnutsandcomplainedabouthowlittletimetheyhadtopaintbattlescenesontheircavewalls.Thedifferenceisthatthebossofanimalhuntingandtheheadofnutgatheringprobablytoldthemtoshutupornosurvivalforyou.,.,29,Todaysworkersarestilldemandingcontrolovertheirtime.Thedifferenceistodaysbossesarelistening.Ivebeenreadingareportissuedtodaycalledwhenworkworksproducedjointlybythreeorganizations.Theysetouttofindandwarntheemployerswhoemploythemostcreativeandmosteffectivewaystogivetheirworkersflexibility.Ifoundthisreportworthreadingandsuggesteverybossshouldreaditforideas.,.,30,Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatisthespeakercomplainingabout?27.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutourancestors?28.Whydoesthespeakersuggestallbossesreadthereportbythethreeorganizations?,.,31,Passage2-2008/06,Lovingachildisacircularbusiness.Themoreyougive,themoreyouget,themoreyouwanttogive,Penelopesaid.Whatshesaidprovestobetrueofmyblendedfamily.Iwasbornin1931.Astheyoungestofsixchildren,Ilearnedtosharemyparentslove.,.,32,RaisingsixchildrenduringthedifficulttimesoftheGreatDepressiontookitstollonmyparentsrelationshipandresultedintheirdivorcewhenIwas18yearsold.Daddyneverhadverycloserelationshipswithhischildrenanddriftedevenfartherawayfromusafterthedivorce.,.,33,Severalyearslater,awonderfulwomancameintohislifeandtheyweremarried.Shehadtwosons,oneofthemstillathome.Underherinfluence,webecameablendedfamily,andagoodrelationshipdevelopedbetweenthetwofamilies.Shealwaystreatedusasifwewereherownchildren.Itwasbecauseofourothermother,Daddyssecondwife,thathebecameclosertohisownchildren.,.,34,Theysharedover25yearstogetherbeforeourfatherpassedaway.Atthetimeofhisdeath,thequestioncameupofmymother,Daddysfirstwife,attendinghisfuneral.Iwillneverforgettheunconditionalloveshownbymystepmother.WhenIaskedherifshewouldobjecttomotherattendingDaddysfuneral,withoutgivingitasecondthought,sheimmediatelyreplied.Ofcoursenot,honey.Sheisthemotherofmychildren.,.,35,Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.Accordingtothespeaker,whatcontributedtoherparentsdivorce?30.Whatbroughtthefatherclosertohisownchildren?31.Whatmessagedoesthespeakerwanttoconveyinthistalk?,.,36,Passage3-2008/06,InFebruarylastyear,mywifelostherjob.Justassuddenly,theowneroftheGreenHousewhereIworkedasmanagerdiedofaheartattack.Hisfamilyannouncedthattheyweregoingtoclosethebusinessbecausenooneinthefamilywantedtorunit.Thingslookedprettygloomy.,.,37,MywifeandIreadthewantadseachday.Thenonemorning,asIwashangingagoingoutofbusinesssignatthegreenhouse,thedooropenedandinwalkedacustomer.Shewasanofficemanagerwhosecompanyhadjustmovedintothenewofficeparkontheedgeofthetown.Shewaslookingforpottedplantstoplaceinthereceptionareasinoffices.,.,38,Idontknowanythingaboutplants,shesaid,Iamsureinafewweeks,theyllallbedead.”WhileIwashelpingherselectherpurchases,mymindwasracing.Perhapsasmanyasadozenfirmsthatrecentlyopenedofficesinthenewofficeparkandtherewereseveralhundredmoreacreswithconstructionunderway.,.,39,Thatafternoon,Idroveuptotheofficepark.By6oclockthatevening,Ihadsignedcontractswith7companiestorentplantsfrommeandpaymeafeetomaintainthem.Withinaweek,IhadworkeddowntoanagreementtoleasetheGreenHousefromtheownersfamily.Businessisnowincreasingrapidly.AndonedaywehopetobetheproudownersoftheGreenHouse.,.,40,Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.Whatdowelearnaboutthegreenhouse?33.Whatwasthespeakerdoingwhenthecustomerwalkedinonemorning?34.Whatdidthespeakerthinkofwhenservingtheofficemanager?35.Whenwasthespeakershopeforthefuture?,.,41,adopt,Inthiscase,theymaydecidetoadoptachild.Ifyouadoptanewattitude,plan,orwayofbehaving,youbegintohaveit.采纳、采用、实施自从中国1978年实施改革开放以来，中国社会发生了巨大的变化。SinceChinaadoptedtheReformandOpening-uppolicyin1978,dramaticchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.Ifyouadoptsomeoneelseschild,youtakeitintoyourownfamilyandmakeitlegallyyoursonordaughter.收养、领养（adoptason/daughter/dog/cat）政府应该鼓励老百姓收养这些野猫野狗。Governmentshouldencouragepeopletoadoptthesewildcatsanddogs.,.,42,adapt,Ifyouadapttoanewsituationoradaptyourselftoit,youchangeyourideasorbehaviourinordertodealwithitsuccessfully.（使）适应/适合很多人发现，一开始很难适应新的工作环境。Manyhavefoundthatitsdifficulttoadapttoanewworkenvironmentattheverybeginning.87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto_.(适应不同文化中的生活)adaptoneselftolivesindiferentculturesadaptabookorplay改编ThefilmisadaptedfromanovelbyHaiYan.,.,43,seal,thebirthrecordsofmostadopteesaresealedsealanenvelope/adocument,youcloseitsothatitcannotbeopenedwithoutbeingtorn.密封PlentyofdocumentsaboutChiangKai-shekweresealedyearsago.几年前，许多关于蒋介石的文件还未解密。seal(off)anarea,theystoppeopleenteringorpassingthroughit.封锁、封闭警方及时封锁了犯罪现场。Thepolicesealedoffthecrimesceneimmediately.sealsomethingmeanstomakeitdefiniteorconfirmhowitisgoingtobe.确定、决定Iquitelikethesong“SealedwithaKiss”.一吻定情,.,44,与care有关的四级词组,careaboutcareforbeinsbscarecaretodosth.dosth.withcarecouldntcarelessabouttakecareoftakecareWhocares?carehomehealthcare,在乎、关心喜欢由谁照料/抚养选择（=choose）认真做某事一点都不在乎（notworried）照顾、处理保重谁在乎呢？-我无所谓疗养院、护理中心医疗/卫生保健,.,45,takeover,whotookoverhisfather-in-lawspositionIfyoutakeoverajoborroleorifyoutakeover,youbecomeresponsibleforthejobaftersomeoneelsehasstoppeddoingit.接管、继任她父亲退休之后，她就继任了总经理的职位。ShetookoverastheCEOafterherfatherretired.Ifyoutakeoveracompany,yougetcontrolofit,forexamplebybuyingitsshares.接收、掌控HuangGuangyutookoverYoloafterthepurchase.,.,46,attend,Morethan3thousandpeopleattendedherfuneralIfyouattendameetingorotherevent,youarepresentatit.出席、参加Themeeting,attendedbymanyCEOs,isarealsuccess.Ifyouattendaninstitutionsuchasaschool,college,orchurch,yougothereregularly.上学、去教堂Weattendedthesamecollegeafterhighschool.Ifyouattendtosomething,youdealwithit.Ifyouattendtosomeonewhoishurtorinjured,youcareforthem.打理、照料Illattendtothemostchallengingproblem.beattentive(to)=payattentionto留心听的、认真的,.,47,cover的几个难点问题,Itgenerallycoversawidevarietyofvt.涵盖、覆盖、涉及Atravelinsurancewillnotcovereverything.Thisnewspapercoversalltopicsrangingfrompoliticstoeconomytoentertainment.coveraparticulardistance走完（多少路程）,读完Bynoon,wehadcoveredhalfofthejourney.Ihavejustcovered1/3ofthenovel.(money)coverssomething足够支付很多毕业生的工资太低，不足以支付日常开支。Manygraduateshavesuchlowincomesthatcannotcovertheirdailyexpenses.,.,48,submit,andthenlatersubmityourreceiptstoIfyousubmitaproposal,report,orrequesttosomeone,youformallysendittothem提交、呈送根据规定，申请表必须在截至日期前提交上去。Itisregulatedthat_beforethedeadline.theapplicationformsshouldbesubmittedIfyousubmittosth.,youunwillinglyallowsth.tobedonetoyou,oryoudowhatsomeonewants屈服、屈从这个故事给人的教训是，不能屈从于传统观念。Thelessonfromthestoryisthatoneshouldnotsubmittoconventionalconcepts.,.,49,obtain词根tain,abstain(from)-abstention戒除、弃权contain-container-containment包含、容纳detain-detention-detainee拘留、扣押entertain-entertaining-entertainment娱乐、款待maintain-maintenance保持、主张obtain获得pertain(to)切题的、有关系的retain-retention-retentive保留、维持sustain-sustainable-sustainment维持、支持,.,50,lack的用法,Ifindtime,orthelackofit,Ifthereisalackofs