高中定语从句 (2)ppt课件

,巨人雷式高中公开课定语从句关系代词,1,语法讲解定语从句（theattributiveclause）,被定语从句限定的词是_，引导定语从句的词叫做_或_。,关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。,在复合句中，充当_用的从句是定语从句,“先行词”,“关系代词”,“关系副词”,形容词,2,一.定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的词叫先行词。,一.定语从句的基本定义,3,TheboywhoisreadingisTom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospitalisaplacewhereadoctorworks.,先行词,关系副词,4,二.关系词的分类,关系代词,2.关系副词,关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有：when,where,why,二.关系词的分类,5,三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点,1.关系代词的基本用法,三.1.关系代词的基本用法,6,who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.,who,whom,7,which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,which,8,Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.,that指人或物，在定语从句中作主语，宾语或表语。作宾语时，可省略。,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,that,9,whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。,Weliveinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.,Thisisthelittlegirlwhoseparentswerekilledinthegreatearthquake.,whose,10,仔细看下表,三.1.关系代词的基本用法,11,想一想1.当which和that都在定语从句中指代物时，如何选择？2.当who和that都在定语从句中指代人时，如何选择？3.特别注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题,12,2.关系代词的用法注意点,(1)that和which都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?,2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,13,当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。如：ThisisallthatIwantfromtheschool.,当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等修饰时。如：ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingforthesedays.,14,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如：TheTVtoweristhehighestbuildingthathasbeenbuiltinthiscity.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.,15,注：在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,只能用which而不能用that的情况：在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。（既that前面不加介词）ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.Which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。（既逗号后面不用That）Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.,16,(2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如：Allwhoheardthenewswereexcited.,先行词为those,he和people时。如：Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.,17,(3)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：Thosewhoareagainsttheplanputupyourhands.注意：Tomisoneofthestudentswhowerepraisedbytheteacheryesterday.注意：Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacheryesterday.,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,18,巩固记忆1.定语从句的概念？2.引导定语从句的关系词3.That和which引导定语从句的选择4.who和which引导定语从句的选择,巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子,19,1.Thegirl_isstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter.2.Thegirl_ourteacheristalkingwithisafamoussinger.3.Thegirl_motherisateachercanspeakEnglishverywell.4.Icantfindthebook_isborrowedfromthelibrary.5.Icantfindthebook_youlenttome.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习1：适当的关系词填空,巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空,20,四.关系副词when,where和why的用法,五.关系副词的基本用法,21,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoNanjing.,Myfatherwasbornintheyearwhen(=inwhich)WorldWarbrokeout.,1.when,1.when,22,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)weworkedwhenwewereyoung.,Theschoolwhere(=inwhich)hismotherteachesisinthewestofthecity.,2.where,2.where,23,用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,Thereareseveralreasonswhy(=forwhich)theboysshouldbepunished.,Tomcouldntgivetheteacherthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslateforschool.,3.why,3.why,24,1.找出先行词2.看先行词/关系词在从句中所做的成分。1).先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)2).先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。3.在选完关系词后带入验证（把关系词还原到从句中）,判定用“关代”还是“关副”步骤：,25,Iknowaplacewherewecanplaybasketball.我知道一个可以打球的地方2.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.我知道一个以自然景色优美而闻名的地方,26,1.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度假的日子。2.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的日子。,27,1.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasdismissed.这就是他被解雇的原因。2.Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.这就是他向我解释的他没有参加会议的原因。,28,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1.Theroom_heoncelivedisstillthere.Theroom_Ihavetocleaneverydaybelongstomymother.,where/inwhich,(that/which),对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,29,2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Imetyou.Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.,when/onwhich,(that/which),30,Thereason_Idontknowisknowntohim.,(that/which),why/forwhich,3.Thereason_IdontknowthethingisthatIwasnotthereatthattime.,31,高考链接（2011江苏卷）24.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.WhenB.WhereC.thatD.which(全国I24).Asachild,Jackstud