英语复合句初中ppt课件

英语复合句,1,句子的种类根据作用分A陈述句：肯定陈述句，否定陈述句B疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句C祈使句D感叹句what感叹句How感叹句,2,根据结构分简单句并列句复合句状语从句表语从句宾语从句定语从句状语从句同位语从句,3,简单的基本句型主语+连系动词+表语OurclassroomisbigandbrightIamastudent2主语+不及物动词（谓语）Icanswim3主语+及物动词（谓语）+宾语Tomwroteanarticle4主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Heshowedhisfatherhisnewshoes主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanand6therebe+主语+状语Thereisabookonthedesk,4,句子的成分基本的成分主语：动作的施出者，表示所说的是谁是什么ThebirdcanflyHeismysister谓语：表示主语的动作或状态（动词）WeworkedtogetherTheysangandateattheparty句子可能具有的成分直接宾语：表示动作的承受者（名词，人名，代词）Hemakesafly。Theycleantherooms。Webuildabridge间接宾语：表示动作是针对谁作的，不是动作的承受者Passmethesalt,pleaseHelllendmegoodbookstoreadTheyhelpedmewithmystudy。Shetoldmeastory句中的me都是间接宾语,5,宾语补足语；为表示意思的完整，仅有宾语远不够，还需有补足语加于补充TheteacherencouragedstudentstoexpresshisideaTheteacherprovedhimselfworthyconfidence表语：表示主语的特征或性质或表示主语是+（名词）ItiswarmandbrightTheflowersarered定语：用来修饰或限定名词，表示其特征特性或其它情况HehasabeautifulgirlfriendYourquestionisadifficultone状语：表示动作，行为或事件发生的时间，地点，目的。方式，程度，因果等，ThebookisratherinterestingIhavelivedhereforalongtimeTheyarrivedathospitalyesterdayShecomesherebytrain,6,并列句1.并列关系并列句连词有：and,notonlybutalso,neithernor2.转折关系并列句连词有：but,yet,however3.选择关系并列句连词有：or.,eitheror.4.因果关系并列句连词有：for,so,therefore,7,例句并列关系：Ihopehimandhehelpme转折关系：Hetriedopenthedoor,buthecouldnt选择关系：Eitheryouarefoolishorheis因果关系：thestudentsareonholidays,thereforeyoucanseethemtoday。,8,复合句定语从句同位语从句复合句：主语从句宾语从句表语从句状语从句,9,定语从句,定语从句又称关系从句：在主句中相当于一个定语，只不过这个定语是一个句子定语从句可以修饰一个名词，代词，或一个句子，被修饰的词叫现行词，从句在其后，由关系代词关系副词引出关系代词有：that.Which,who,whom,whose等关系副词有：when,where,whyThemanwhowrotethisbookinfamousscientist先行词关系代词(定语)ThevillagewhereIwasbornhasgrownintoatown(先行词)关系代词(定语),10,that,关系代词与先行词的关系,限制性定语从句,先行词,关系代词主语,关系代词宾语,关系代词所有格代替人,who/that,which/that,whom/that,which/that,that,whose=ofwhom代替物,whose=ofwhich代替人和物,代替人,代替物,代替人和物,非限制性定语从句,代替人和物,代替前一句话,which,which,whose,which,11,关系副词与先行词的关系先行词关系副词在从句中作用时间名词when=at,on,in,时间状语during/which地点名词where=in,at/which地点状语只有reasonwhy=forwhich原因状语例句说明（在定语从句中，关系词在句中一定要担任成分）,12,关系代词引导的定语从句,Johnisthegirlwho/thatwasinjuredintheaccident,（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作主语）,Hefoundthewatchwhich/thathehadlost（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作宾语）,Themanwhom/thatyousawjustnowisourmanager先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作宾语）Thehousewhich/thatwasdamagedinthefirewillberebuilt先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作主语）,13,Isthereanyonewhosenameiswangli?先行词关系代词(关系代词在从句中作主语）Thebuildingwhoseroofwecanseeformhereis（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作宾语）Sheisnolongerthegirlthatshewasinherchildhood先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that连接）Thereisnotaneasyquestionthatyouthinkittobe（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作表语，只能用that连接）,14,注意的问题Oneof+复数名词+关系从句的结构中，关系分词的谓语有两种形式先行词为复数，从句谓语用复数Tomisoneofthosewomen,wholiketoplaybridge当one之前有theonly/right/very等修饰词时，从句谓语根据one而定，用单复数形式Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswholikestogotothetheatre在口语中，在定语从句中起宾语作用的关系代词省去Haveyoufoundthebook(that)youwant?,15,当关系代词前有介词时，只能用关系代词whom,或which而不能用thatThebookfromwhich(不能用that)Igotalotofusefulinformation先行词介词关系代词waswrittenbyafamousscientist（关系代词which在从句中作介词from的宾语）Tomistheboywithwhom(不用that)youweretalkamomentago先行词介词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语）注：当介词位于从句句末时，关系代词仍可用that也可省去,16,上两句可改为：Thebookthat/whichIgotalotofusefulinformationfromwaswrittenbyafamousscientistTomistheboythat/whomyouweretalkingwithamomentago,17,当先行词是all,everything,something,nothing,或被first,last,only,few,much,some,only,no以及形容词最高级修饰时，只用that不用whichIaminterestedinallthatyouhavetoldmeHeaskedforthebestbookthattherewasonmath当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时，要用that引导Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatwehadvisited（先行词）（关系代词)（关系代词在从句中作宾语）,18,关系副词在定语从句中的应用1.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhen(onwhich)newchinawasfounded先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中作时间的状语）2.Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)wewereinneedofhelp先行词关系代词关系代词在从句中作时间的状语)3.Theschoolwhere(inwhich)Iworkisnotfarfromhere先行词关系代词（关系代词在从句中担地点状语）4.Isthistheplacewhere(atwhich)thattrafficaccidenthappened?先行词关系代词关系代词在从句中担地点状语5.Hedidntgivethereasonwhy(forwhich)hewasabsentyesterday.（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担原因状语）6.Thereasonwhy(forwhich)hemissedthebuswasthathegotuplate先行词关系代词关系代词在从句中担原因状语,19,注意：在口语或非正式场合,that可代替介词+which结构或相当的关系副词1.Alltheyearsthat(forwhich/when)Iwasatschool,wasthereneverdiscussionaboutcareers.（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作时间的状语）2.Thereasonthat(why=forwhich)youwereabsentinexcuse（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担原因状语）3.Thedirectionthat(inwhich)thecarisdrivingcanbechanged（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）4.Idontlikethewaythat(inwhich)hetalks（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）有些固定的介词+which结构无相应关系副词，要根据先行词选用适当的介词5.Thespeedatwhichthespaceshipfliesisveryfast（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担状语）6.Wattlesandkilometersaretheunitsinwhichelectricpowerismeasured（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）,20,非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句由关系代词which,who,whose,where,when引出，而从句的两面都用逗号与主句隔开，关系代词that不能引起非限制性定语从句名词、代词+of+which+whom引起的定语从句表示部分与整体的关系Therearemanyformsofenergy,eachofwhichisusefulforus非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句总是位于句末，用逗号与主句隔开Hemissedthetrain,whichannoyedhimverymuch（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作主语）Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中作主语）注：关系代词which有时可以用来指代主句的一部分TomcanwritealetterinChinese,whichMarycannot（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担方式状语）,21,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别种类意义形式功能译法关系代副词限制性起限制性紧接先行修饰常译为关系代词有时定语从作用若省去，词后，先行词先行词的可用that代替句原句意义不无逗号定语有时也可省去完整。,非限制起补充有逗号可修饰常译为不可用that代替性定语说明作用与主句先行词“另一”也不可省去从句若省去原隔开也可修饰并列分句句意义不整个主句受影响,22,试比较：Julyisthemonthwhenwehavealotofrain（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担状语）Themeetingwillbeputofftillnextmonth,whenwewillhavemadeallthepreparations（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担状语）Iwanttobuythehousewhich(=that)hasagarden(先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担主语）Iwanttobuythehouse,which(不等于that)hasagarden（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担主语）,23,注：在定语从句中，同样的先行词，由于在从句中担任的作用不同，须选用不同的关系词1.ThisistheplacewhereIspentmychildhood（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担地点状语）2.Thisistheplace,whichIvisitedlastsummer（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担宾语）3.Thereasonwhichhegavewasunacceptable（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担宾语）4.Thereasonwhyhedidthatwasunacceptable（先行词）（关系代词）（关系代词在从句中担原因状语）,24,As的用法as引导定语从句：引导限定性定语从句引导非限定制性定语从句As限定性定语从句As引导限定性定语从句,主要用在suchas和thesameas的结构中可代替先行词是人或物的名词，在thesameas结构中as也可用that代替Letsdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcernus(as:作主语)译：让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题吧Noonewillbelievesuchstoriesashetold(as作宾语)Ihaveneverseensuchkindofpeopleastheyare(as作表语)Thisisthewatchas(或that)Ihavelost(as作宾语)注：有时thesame.as结构中，as也可用作关系副词Heworksinthesameshopas(that)Ido(as作地点状语),25,引导非限定性定语从句As引导的非限定性定语从句,代替整个主句,对其进行说明,其位置较灵活，可位于主句前，主句中，主句后，通常由逗号与其主句隔开HeisanEnglishman,as(=which)Iknowfromhisaccent(as代替主句，在主句中作宾语)Aswasusualwithhim,hewentoutforawalkafterdinner(as代替主句，在从句中作主语)As引导时间状语从句，意为“当。时”As(hewas)ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperandlaterapostmaster(hewas可省略,用法用when,as,when,if引导的时间状语从句，条件状语从句，若其逻辑主语与主句主语相同，可省略)Hesangasheworked,26,As引导的方式状语从句，意为“像.一样”WemustdoastheteachertoldusAs引导原因状语从句，意为“由于”Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest,27,As引导的让步状语从句，意为“虽然”“尽管”Childasheis,hecandoitwell=Although/thoughheisachild,hecandoitwellSmallasitwas,thearmyhadgreatfightingcapacity=Though/althoughitwassmall,thearmyhadgreatfightingcapacityHardas(though)hestudied,hedidntpasstheexamination=Though/althoughhestudiedhard,hedidntpasstheexamination,28,同位语从句1.同位语从句用于表示名词的内容,对其加以解释,能跟有同位语从句的,通常是具有引导内容的名词,在从句中不担任成分，常见的有：fact,idea,news,hope,evidence,suggestion,order,problemThedoctorscametotheconclusionthatthepatientwassufferingfromcancerThediscoverythateveryheavenlybodyhasgravitywasmadebyNewton同位语从句通常由that引出，但随着与其同位的名词不同也可由whether,when,where,how,what,why引出TheyarefacedwiththeproblemwhethertheyshouldcontinuetheworkIhavenoideawhenhewillreturn,29,有时同位语从句不是紧跟名词后，而是被其它词隔开Anideaoccurredhimthathemightborrowthemoneyfromhisfather发生，出现Theyheardthenewsontheradioyesterdaythatatyphoonwascoming,30,定语从句和同位语从句的区别从结构上看：同位语由连接词引导。在从句中不担任何成分，定语从句的关系词在从中担任某个成分。Theideathatonecandotheworkwithoutthinkingiswrong(同位语从句that在从句中不担当任何成分)Theideathatyouputforwardatthemeetingiswrong(定语从句that在从句中担任宾语),31,主语从句名词性的从句可作句子主语，这种从句称为主语从句。主语从句的引导词通常有whowhomwhenwherewhywhathowwhichwhosewhether等，主语从句的引导词不能省略，由从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式WhatIsaidisimportanttoyouHowtogetthereisstillnotdecideWhethertodoitornotiswhatwewilldiscusstomorrow是否做那件事是我们每天将要讨论的事,32,说明：主语从句可以直接放在主语位置，也可用it作做形式主语1.ThatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoallItisknowntoallthatlighttravelsinstraightlines众所周知，光是以直线运行2.WhentheplaneistotakeoffhasnotbeenannouncedIthasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplaneistotakeoff飞机什么时候起飞还没有公布,33,注：A.当what引导的主语从句表示“东西”时。不用it作形式语WhathewantsisabookB如果带主语从句的句子是疑问句，则必须用it作形式主语的结构Hasitbeensettledwhowillbesenttocarryoutthetask谁将被派出执行这个任务决定了吗？,34,Cit作形式主语的主语从句结构已形成固定用法和译法，通常有4种情况1.Itis+名词+从句2.Itisafactthat.事实是.3.Itisagoodnewsthat.,是个好消息4.Itisaquestionthat.是个问题5.Itiscommonknowledgethat.是个常识,35,1.Itis+形容词+从句2.Itisnecessarythat有必要3.Itisclearthat.很清楚4.Itis(un)likelythat很可能5.Itisimportantthat主要的是.,36,1.Itis+过去分词+从句2.Itissaidthat据说.3.Itisreportedthat据报道.4.Ithasbeenprovedthat.已证明5.Itmustbepointedoutthat必须指出,37,It+不及物动词+从句Itseemsthat.好像是.Ithappenedthat.碰巧Itfollowsthat.结果是.,38,强调句强调谓语动词时,可在谓语动词前加do,does,did,IdobelievethathewillattendthemeetingHedidworkhardyesterday强调句中强调谓语以外的是成分时,采用强调句型：Itis(was)+强调部分+that/who/whom说明：无论强调什么部分,都要求用连接词that被强调部分是人,也可用who当被强调部分是状语,只能用that,不用when,where,how等,39,例：Johnboughtatoyplaneforhissonyesterday1.ItwasJohnthat(who)boughtatoyplaneforhissonyesterday(强调主语)2.ItwasatoyplanethatJohnboughtforhissonyesterday(强调宾语)3.ItwasforhissonthatJohnbroughtatoyplaneyesterday(强调目的状语)4.ItwasyesterdaythatJohnboughtatoyplaneforhisson(强调时间状语)强调表示时间的名词或时间状语时，还可用：1.Itwasnotuntilthat直到.才.2.Itwasnotuntilhegotonthetrainthatherealizedhehadlosthisticket,40,表语从句表语从句的结构：主语+连系动词+表语从句常用的连系动词有:be,seen,remain,look等Myideaisthatthisplanshouldbecarriedoutimmediately我的建议是这个计划应该立即执行Thequestionremainswhetherweshouldaccepttheirinvitation问题仍然是我们是否应该接受他们的邀请Itlooksthat(asif)itisgoingtorain看起来天要下雨,41,wherewhyhow引导的从句作thisis或thatis的表语时，它们通常不含有疑问意义,而是分别表示具体的地点，原因.方式.翻译Thatiswhywecalledoffthemeeting这就是我们取消会议的原因Thisishowwedidit我们就用这种方式做的注:主语是reason的表语从句用that引导,不要用becauseThereason(why)hewaslatewasthathemissedthebus,42,宾语从句充当宾语的从句，叫宾语从句。宾语从句可作动词宾语，介词宾语，和某些形容词的宾语一.作动词宾语Everybodyknowsthatgoodstakesuptheroom(由连词引导)Hewonderedhowthebuildingwerebuilt(由连接副词引导)常跟连接词that引导的宾语从句的动词有：AdmitagreeanswerbelievecommandcomplainconfessDecidedemanddenydoubtdreamexpectexplainfeelhearHopeimagineintendinsistknowmeannoticepreferorderProposereplyreportrequestrequiresayseesuggestsupposethinkurge(激励)wishunderstand,43,常跟疑问代词whowhom疑问副词whenwherewhyhowwhetherif引导宾语从句的动词有：Adviseaskdiscoverdiscussdoubtfindoutimagineinquire(询问)knowquestionshowtellunderstandwonderA.tell/inform/remind/show/teach+间接宾语+宾语从句”结构HetoldmewherehelivedB.advise/ask/assure/promise/question/warn等+间接宾语+宾语从句+结构中，间接宾语可省略Ipromised(him)thatIwouldgivehimmorehelp我对他的保证将给他更多的帮助,44,作介词宾语:Thisdependsonhowhardyouwork这取决于你的工作的如何努力IsthereanythingwronginwhatIsaid?A.that引导的宾语从句只限做介词inexceptbutbeside的宾语从句Mendifferentfrombrutesinthattheycanspeakandthink人和兽类的区别在于他们有语言和思想Themealwasverygoodexceptthatthefishwasabittoosalty除了鱼有点咸，这顿是、很好的IwouldhavehelpedyoubutthatIwassobusythen若不是工作忙，我本来时帮助你的,45,B“介词+it+that“结构Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou你放心,他们会支持你的Illseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime我将负责按时做好一切准备C动词+it+that结构Itakeitthattheywillsucceed我想他们会成功的Thenewspapershaveitthatfirmisalmostbankrupt据报道那家公司几乎破产,46,Dbe+形容词+that结构类似形容词有:surecertainafraidconfident等TheyareconfidentthattheycandothejobIamnotcertainwhether(if)thetrainwillarriveontime我没有把握火车是否转时达到,47,特别说明：使用形式宾语it的问题如果宾语从句后跟有宾语从句，要用形式宾语it来代替。再将从句放到补语的后面去Hehasmadeitclearthatthemeetingwillnotbepostponed他说的很清楚,这个会议将不推迟Ihearditsaidthatthisfactorywasfoundedin1901我听说这家工厂是1901年创建的,48,宾语从句否定意义的转移在thinkbelievesupposeexpect等动词后跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语动词是否定的一般要将否定词not转移到主句谓语动词上而将从句变为肯定形式Idontthinkhehastimetoplaychesswithyou我没想到他有时间和你下棋Idontsupposeitistherushhouryet我认为现在还未到（交通）高峰时间,49,宾语从句的替代；在hopebelieveimaginesupposeguessthink等动词以及Imafraid等,表达法后用so代替一个宾语从句，指代上文提到的一件事Doyouthinkwewillhavegoodweather?Ihopeso上述动词否定形式（hope除外）如：Idontbelieve或IbelievenotHope只用Ihopnot/Iamafraidnot上述动词的肯定式。如:Ihopeso,50,宾语从句的时态呼应:宾语从句的时态是在主句的时态其础上向前推进一个时态.如:主句为过去时,从句要用过去完成时,若从句表示的客观真理或自然观念,其谓语时态仍用一般现在时.Hesaidthathehadlefthisumbrellainthelibrary.他说把伞忘在图书馆里了.TheteachertoldthestudentsthatthepacificoceanisthelargestOceanintheworld.老师告诉学生,太平洋是世界上最大的海洋.,51,插入疑问句.练习，就划线部分提问，再理解1.IthinkthatJohnwillarriveat5oclockWhendoyouthinkJohnwillarrive?2.TheysaidthattheyhadcleanedtheclassroomWhatdidtheysaytheyhaddone?3.webelievethatpreferwillbegiventheprizeWhodoyoubelievewillbegiventheprize?4.TheyexpectedthattheteacherwouldcriticizepreferWhomdidtheyexpecttheteacherwouldcriticize?,52,定语从句知识点总结:Which,that引导定语从句在定语从句中,which/that在指代事物时可互换,但在下列情况下不可互换,只用which不用thatA关系代词前有介词时如:ThisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyearB引导非限制性定语从句Johnsdog,whichwasnowveryold,becauseillanddied,53,C表示继续关系的非限制性定语从句中（这种定语从句的先行词不是一个词，通常是整个句子，定语从句与所修饰的整个句子用逗号开如：Mr.Smithnoddedseveraltimesandsmiled,whichrathersurprisedmeHesawthegirleveryday,whichwasverynaturalManyhasmaderapidprogressinherstudies,whichisknowntousallD当先行词后面有插入语时如：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhichasIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish,54,只用that不用whichA.先行词为allmuchlittleeverythinganythingnothingnonetheone等先行词如:IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?ThatsallthatIknowB.先行词前有onlyanyfewlittlenoalloneof等修饰语时如:YoucantakeanyseatthatisfreeThereisalittletimethatwecanspare但Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited这句中用who不用that.若用that有可能理解为office的定语从句改用who,必然理解为person的定语从句,55,先行词是序数词，或先行词受序数词修饰时如:ThisisthefirstcompositionthatIhavewritteninEnglishD.先行词是最高级形容词或先行词受最高级形容词修饰时如:ThisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyearE.先行词为联系动词be后面的表语时如:ItsabookthatwillhelpyoualotF.主句以therebe开头时如:Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree,56,先行词是数词如:YesterdayIcaughttwofish,nowyoucanseethetwofishthatarestillaliveinabasinofwaterH.先行词受same修饰时如：sheiswearingthesamedressthat(=as)sheworeatthemeetingIhavethesameopinionthat(=as)youhaveI.先行词同时含有人和物时如：LaterwevisitedtheschoolandtheteacherthatIhadvisitedlastyear.,57,先行词为allanyoneoneones指人时多用who不用thatAllwhoheardthenewswereamazedAnyonewhorefusedtobowwasthrownintoprison凡拒绝鞠躬的人都被关进监狱Onewhodoesntworkhardwillneverbehappy在以therebe开头的句子中多用who不用thatThereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou在非限制性定语从句中,需用who如:AbrahamLincoln,whowasmurderedatatheatreinwashingD.C,diedonApril15,1865,58,在被分隔的的定语从句中需用whoAnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中的一个从句的关系代词是who另一个是thatThestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatisverymodesty(谦虚)andstudiesveryhard若先行词接两个以上的并列的定语从句后一个定语从句须重复前一个关系代词，以免产生误解如:Thereisateacherwhopresentthematerialinthemostinterestingwayandwhoenjoyswhatheteaches,59,只用that不用who若先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级thelast,same或only修饰时，多用that,如：ThefirstpersonthatIvisitedtherewasMr.GreenHeisthelastmanthatIwanttoseeHeisthefinestworkmatethatIhaveeverworkedwithSheisthesameteacherthatwaspraisedtheotherdaySheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme,60,当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句须用that,以免与先行词重复如：Whothathascommonsensewilldosuchathing?凡是有常识的人会做出这种事来吗？Whichoneofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?我们当中懂得一些物理的人谁不知这个呢？Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在大门口的那个人是谁？,61,若先行词兼人或物时须用that如：Hetalkedabouttheteacherandschoolsthathehadvisited若关系代词在从句中作表语须用that如:Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe,62,Whose,ofwhom,ofwhich的区别Whose可指人也可指物Ofwhom只指人Ofwhich只指物如：Thisistheboywhosehousecaughtfirelastweek(whose指人)Thetablewhoselegswerebrokenhasbeenrepaired(whose指物)Iwanttotalktothestudentsthehomeworkofwhomhasntbeenhandedin(ofwhom指人)Thatisourroom,thewindowsofwhichfacethesouth(ofwhich指物),63,whose能和ofwhom,ofwhich互换，但whose须放在无定冠词the的名词前，ofwhom和ofwhich常放在有定冠词the的名词后，如:weiFangisthegirlwhosehandwriting(=thehandwritingofwhom)isthebestinourclasschina,whosearea(=theareaofwhich)isabout9,600,km2,liesineastofAsia注：有时ofwhom和ofwhich也可放在有定的、冠词the的名词前ThemountaininthetopofwhichiscoveredwithsnowThemountaininwhichthetopiscoveredwithsnow,64,从句的主语是表示部分与整体的关系的代词some,many,few,most,much,little等时不能用whoseAllthosepresentatthemeetingwereadvancedworkers,mostofwhomwerepartymembersProfessorLiislookingthroughhisstudentspapers,someofwhicharewritteninEnglish.Heisgivenasalotofinformationlittleofwhichisvaluable,65,从句的主语是表示同位关系的代词：all,both,each,none,neither,等时，不能用whoseIhavetwosons,bothofwhomareuniversitystudentsShetoldusmanystories,noneofwhichwasinteresting从句的主语是数词时,不能用whoseTherearefiftystudentsinourclass,twentyofwhomaregirlsTheYoungpioneershaveplantedmanytrees,andthirdofwhicharepinetrees(松树),66,在从句中作表语的定语时,不能用whose如：look,therecometheheroes,ofwhomYangLinisoneThestoriesaboutLongMarch,ofwhichthisoneexample,arewellwritten,67,Noone与none的区别noone用来指人,含有notevenone(连一个也没有)之意，其后不能接of短语，当它用作主语时，谓语动词用单数如：NooneknowswhattheyfoughtaboutNoonelikesapersonwithbadmannersnone不仅指人也指物，其后接of短语，构成“of+名词、代词”结构，单名词是复数时，谓语动词用单复数均可如：“Imsorry”hesaidtotheclass,“butnoneofyouwatchedcarefullyenough”Noneofthemhas/haveseenhim,68,none还可用于物质名词或抽象概念，表示“一点也不”之意。比如haveoneof,notallow“不允许“,notaccept(不接受)如:Heknewabouttheorder,andheknewwhythesoldierswerethere,buthewouldhavenoneofit他知道这道命令,也知道士兵为什么站在那里,但他根本不理这一套Marywantedtogotherealone,butherparentswouldhavenoneofit说明：此短语中have的意思是“容许，接受“别人的行为造成的结果,69,在简略答语中noone用来回答who的问句，而none则用来回答hoemany/howmuch引起的问句，不可混用如：1.whoareyouspeakingto?Noone2.Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?None,70,nobody,nothing,none的用法区别:none可与由of连接的人或物组成短语，这时不能用nobody和nothing替换如:NoneofuswenttotheconcertlastnightNoneofworkerscanhavechildren不涉及确指的人或物时,不能有none要用nobody或nothing如:Helookedround,butcouldseenobodyHelistened,butcouldhearnothingnone可以指代前面提到的人或物，nobody和nothing没有这种作用，如:Hehasabrother,butIhavenoneIhavetwoEnglish-Chinesedictionaries,butshehasnone,71,none用来回答“howmany”和“howmuch”的问题,而nobody和nothing则分别用来回答“who.”和“what.”的问题如：1-Howmanystudentsinyourclasswenttothepark?-None2.-Whomdidyouseeenterthelovelyhouse?-Nobody3.-Whatsonthetable?-Nothing,72,none用来回答“any+名词”构成的一般疑问句而nobody和nothing分别用来回答由anybody和anything构成的一般疑问句1.-Aretherean